大脑前额叶皮层与免疫机能的关系：Ⅰ.损毁前额叶皮层对猕猴淋巴…

用临床细胞免疫学检测方法,对损毁大脑前额叶背外侧部皮层手术前、手术后７天和手术后３０天的猕猴外周血液淋巴细胞的４种免疫花环进行了跟踪监测,并与假手术组进行对照。结果表明：损毁大脑前额叶皮层后,其外周血活化Ｔ淋巴细胞花环率和Ｂ淋巴细胞的小鼠红细胞花环率均在手术后７天显著下降;直到手术后３０天仍显著低于手术前。     

内皮素—1对大鼠排卵前卵泡颗粒细胞产生孕酮的影响

本文用离体细胞体外孵育法研究了内皮素－１（ＥＴ）对大鼠排卵前卵泡颗粒细胞孕酮生成的影响及其作用机理。结果发现,ＥＴ能显著抑制ｈＣＧ刺激下的孕酮产生,抑制作用在浓度为１０－８ｍｏｌ／Ｌ时,即有显著意义（Ｐ＜０．０５,ｎ＝６）,至１０－７ｍｏｌ／Ｌ时则有非常显著的意义（Ｐ＜０．０１,ｎ＝６）;不同浓度ＥＴ（１０－７—１０－７ｍｏｌ／Ｌ）,对颗粒细胞基础孕酮的产生无明显影响。进一步研究表明,ＥＴ对ｈＣＧ刺激下孕酮生成的抑制作用,在用免抗人内皮素抗血清（ＥＴ－Ａ）１：１０００及ｃＡＭＰ后能明显被逆转。实验中还观察到,ＥＴ使颗粒细胞ＬＨ／ｈＣＧ受体数下降,亲和力降低。本文结果提示,ＥＴ可能为卵巢内的一种局部调节肽,通过作用于ＥＴ受体,干扰ＬＨ／ｈＣＧ受体功能和ｃＡＭＰ生成而抑制颗粒细胞孕酮的产生。     

Epstein—Barr病毒膜抗原基因免疫的研究

将Ｅｐｓｔｅｉｎ－Ｂａｒｒ病毒（ＥＢＶ）膜抗原（ＭＡ）ＢＬＬＦ１基因,插入含有ＣＭＶ启动子的真核表达载体ｐｃＤＮＡ３下游ＢａｍＨＩ位点,构建成真核表达质粒ｐｃＤＮＡ３－ＭＡ。将纯化的ＤＮＡ注射Ｂａｌｂ／ｃ小鼠股四头肌。经免疫的动物产生抗ＥＢ病毒ＭＡ特异性的抗体和中和抗体,依赖抗体细胞介导的细胞毒作用（ＡＤＣＣ）,特异性Ｔ淋巴细胞增生性反应及细胞毒性Ｔ淋巴细胞（ＣＴＬ）杀伤作用。基因免疫与基因－蛋白     

Epstein-Barr病毒膜抗原基因免疫的研究

将Ｅｐｓｔｅｉｎ－Ｂａｒ病毒（ＥＢＶ）膜抗原（ＭＡ）ＢＬＬＦ１基因,插入含有ＣＭＶ启动子的真核表达载体ｐｃＤＮＡ３下游ＢａｍＨＩ位点,构建成真核表达质粒ｐｃＤＮＡ３－ＭＡ。将纯化的ＤＮＡ注射Ｂａｌｂ／ｃ小鼠股四头肌。经免疫的动物产生抗ＥＢ病毒ＭＡ特异性的抗体和中和抗体,依赖抗体细胞介导的细胞毒作用（ＡＤＣＣ）,特异性Ｔ淋巴细胞增生性反应及细胞毒性Ｔ淋巴细胞（ＣＴＬ）杀伤作用。基因免疫与基因－蛋白联合免疫效果相似。不同启动子控制下的ＭＡ基因,诱发小鼠免疫应答无明显差异。     

钙调素对花粉萌发和花粉管生长的效应

牛脑和玉米胚ＣａＭ能显著促进花粉萌发和花粉管生长（图１）,而ＣａＭ抑制剂ＴＦＰ、ＣＰＺ及另外两个专一性更强的抑制剂Ｃｏｍｐｏｕｎｄ４８／８０和Ｗ７均严重抑制甚至阻止花粉的萌发（图２,３）。用对ＣａＭ亲和性较低的Ｗ７同系物Ｗ５,在与Ｗ７同样浓度下,对花粉萌发和花粉管生长无明显影响。此外,Ｗ７对花粉萌发和花粉管生长的抑制效应可被外源ＣａＭ所消除（图４）。在花粉萌发过程中,其内源ＣａＭ含量显著上升,在花粉萌发率接近最大值时,花粉ＣａＭ含量达最高水平（图５）。上述结果表明ＣａＭ对花粉萌发和花粉管生长的调控起重要作用。     

丙型肝炎病毒E2基因DNA免疫实验动物研究

将编码丙型肝炎病毒（ＨＣＶ）Ｅ２蛋白４１７～７５０位氨基酸的ＤＮＡ片段　克隆到真核表达载体ｐｃＤＮＡ　３．１（－）中的ＣＭＶ　ＩＥ启动子下游,构建成ＨＣＶ　Ｅ２重组真核表达质粒　ｐｃＥ２。ＥＬＩＳＡ法检测ｐｃＥ２　ＤＮＡ免疫兔血清中的Ｅ２抗体变化和维持规律,结果显示免疫２０ｄ已有　抗体产生,３０ｄ后开始进入高峰,４０ｄ时达到最高值,至第９０ｄ抗体水平保持平稳,抗体滴度　达到１∶１６００左右。流式细胞计数仪（ＦＡＣＳ）检测ｐｃＥ２　ＤＮＡ免疫鼠ＣＤ４＋、ＣＤ８＋Ｔ淋巴细胞变　化情况,与注射空载体ｐＣＤＮＡ３．１（－）的阴性鼠相比,ＣＤ４＋淋巴细胞水平略有上升,ＣＤ８＋　细胞水平有较大升高,增幅达３５．４６％。免疫组化检测结果显示注射ｐｃＥ２的小鼠组织中有明显　的阳性着色,而注射ｐｃＤＮＡ３．１（－）的对照组小鼠免疫组化结果为阴性。以上结果表明：ｐｃＥ２　在实验动物内表达出的ＨＣＶ　Ｅ２蛋白可以引起免疫动物的体液免疫应答和细胞免疫应答,尤其　是ＭＨＣ－１限制性杀伤性ＣＤ８＋Ｔ淋巴细胞水平的提高对清除　病毒是十分有利的,因此ＨＣＶ　Ｅ２　ＤＮＡ免疫有可能成为预防和治疗ＨＣＶ感染的一条新途径。     

哺乳动物视皮层的长时程增强效应

目前一般认为长时程增强效应（ｌｏｎｇ－ｔｅｒｍｐｏｔｅｎｔｉａｔｉｏｎ,ＬＴＰ）和哺乳动物大脑学习记忆的机制有关。本文简述了视皮层中ＬＴＰ的诱导,产生的关键期以及ＬＴＰ在脑皮层功能柱的不同层中的差异。讨论了Ｎ－甲基－Ｄ－氨基丁酸（Ｎ－ｍｅｔｈｙｌ－Ｄ－ａｓｐａｒｔａｔｅ,ＮＭＤＡ）受体、低阈值Ｇａ２＋通道（ｌｏｗ－ｔｈｒｅｓｈｏｌｄＣａ２＋ｃｈａｎｎｅｌｓ,ＬＴＣｓ）在ＬＴＰ诱导过程中的作用,以及视皮层ＬＴＰ和海马ＬＴＰ的差异。     

植物遗传多样性研究中等位基因酶分析的遗传参数及其计算方法（综述）

植物遗传多样性研究中等位基因酶分析的遗传参数及其计算方法（综述）葛学军（中国科学院华南植物研究所,广州５１０６５０）ＴＨＥＧＥＮＥＴＩＣＰＡＲＡＭＥＴＥＲＳＡＮＤＴＨＥＩＲＣＡＬＣＵＬＡＴＩＮＧＭＥＴＨＯＤＳＯＦＡＬＬＯＺＹＭＥＡＮＡＬＹＳＩＳＩＮＰ...     

猕猴在执行图形引导的有序运动过程中额叶皮层抑制性氨基酸变化的初步观察

本实验采用脑内微透析及同效液相色谱荧光分析技术,观察了猕猴在执行视觉图形引导的有序运动任务过程中额叶皮层（前额叶４６区,运动前区的Ｆ７和Ｆ２区以及初级运动皮层的Ｆ１区）透析液中γ－氨其丁酸（ＧＡＢＡ）和甘氨酸浓度的变化。观察到动物在执行ＦＲＳ任务时前额皮层透析液中ＧＡＢＡ浓度较操作前基础浓度明显升高,样品配对ｔ－检验具有显著统计意义;Ｇｌｙ浓度也有升高,但无统计意义。     

深层发酵香菇水溶性胞外多糖的生物学活性

由香菇ＣＬ－２菌丝发酵上清液中分离到水溶性胞外多糖（ＨＥＰ）。研究表明,ＨＥＰ具有较强的免疫增效作用。它能有效促进正常小鼠腹腔巨噬细胞的吞噬功能,显著提高Ｔ淋巴细胞的百分含量,对小鼠体液免疫也有促进作用。ＨＥＰ对肉瘤Ｓ１８０的抑制率达３９．７％,并能显著延长荷瘤（ＥＡＣ）小鼠的存活时间,延长率达４０．５％。ＨＥＰ对牛艾滋病毒（ＢＩＶ）有直接抑制作用,抑制率为６６．７％。     

Serological profile of buffalo (Bubalus bubalis) female calves vaccinated with standard Brucella abortus strain 19 vaccine using rose bengal, 2-mercaptoethanol and complement fixation tests

The serological profiles of 21 female buffaloes vaccinated between 3 and 8 months of age using Brucella abortus strain 19 (S19) were evaluated by rose bengal (RBT), 2-mercaptoethanol (2ME) and complement fixation (CFT) tests. The serum strains were collected in day zero, 15, 30, 45, 60th days and subsequently to each 30 months, until 720th day after vaccination. No animal showed reaction in day zero. In 15th day above 95% of animals revealed reaction in all tests. All the animals presented absence of reactions in CFT, RBT and 2ME tests at 270, 300 and 360 days after vaccination, respectively. Our finding highlighted early response in CFT compared than other conventional agglutination tests. None of animals presented oscillation of titers or reactions in any test after 360 day of study, which enables the use of these tests after this period without interference of antibodies from S19 vaccine origin between 3 and 8 months in buffalo heifers.     

Electroencephalographic characteristics of sleep in subjects with paleo and neocerebellar lesions

The research was performed in order to study: 1) paleo and neocerebellar contributions in the sleep organization and 2) the electrical sleep activities at different time intervals during the functional compensation which follows the cerebellar lesion. Polygraphic sleep records (EEG, EMG, EOG) were performed on four subjects with surgical lesions more than 6 months old in cerebellar cortex (two subjects in paleo and two in neocerebellum). Another subject was studied before a surgical paleocerebellar lesion and at different time intervals after that (8th, 30th, 60th, and 90th day). Paleo and neocerebellar lesions showed different sleep abnormalities. The former induced both quantitative and qualitative alterations in the cyclic sleep organization, the latter did not show significant alterations in this organization but rather in transition between sleeping and waking and in sleep maintenance. The acute paleocerebellar lesion showed at the 8th and 30th day a strong reduction of the synchronized sleep (SS) and an increase of the desynchronized one (DS). In the successive records, 30th and 90th day, the SS/DS ratio increased to the values observed in the chronic paleocerebellar lesioned subjects.     

In vivo radioprotective effect of Moringa oleifera leaves

Radioprotective property of Moringa oleifera leaves was investigated in healthy adult Swiss albino mice. Animals were injected (ip) with 150 mg/kg body weight of 50% methanolic extract (ME) of M. oleifera leaves, as a single dose, or in 5 daily fractions of 30 mg/kg each, and exposed to whole body gamma irradiation (RT, 4 Gy) 1 hr later. Five animals from each group were sacrificed at 1, 2 and 7 days after treatment. Bone marrow protection was studied by scoring aberrations in metaphase chromosomes and micronucleus induction in polychromatic erythrocytes and normochromatic erythrocytes. Pretreatment with a single dose of 150 mg/kg ME significantly reduced the percent aberrant cells to 2/3rd that of RT alone group on day 1 and brought the values to normal range by day 7 post-irradiation. A similar effect was also seen for the micronucleated cells. Fractionated administration of ME (30 mg/kg x 5) gave a higher protection than that given by the same dose administered as a single treatment. ME also inhibited the Fenton reaction-generated free radical activity in vitro in a concentration dependent manner. These results demonstrate that pretreatment with the methanolic leaf extract of M. oleifera confers significant radiation protection to the bone marrow chromosomes in mice and this may lead to the higher 30 day survival after lethal whole body irradiation.     

Histopathological changes in the thymus of the white mouse after infection with Toxoplasma gondii (author's transl)]

Three days after infection of mice with a virulent strain of T. gondii first histopathological destructions of the thymus are visible. The number of lymphocytes decreases step by step till to the animals' day of death on the 7th day p.i. At this time the cortex has lost all its thymocytes. Electronmicroscopical pictures show destruction of most of the reticulum cells and lymphocytes. In those cells which are still alive multiplicaiton of Toxoplasma trophozoites is to be seen. A lot of parasites are lying extracellular in the detritus of the destroyed thymus-cells. After infection of mice with an avirulent strain of T. gondii there is a loss of lymphocytes in the cortex of the thymus too. Starting at day 5th to 7th p.i. it reaches its peak at the time of the 10th to 15th day after infection. After this period restitution of lymphocytes in the cortex is going on. At about the 30th day p.i. replacement of all the lymphocytes is finished. Sometimes the cortex seems to be enlarged, that means now there are more thymocytes in the cortex than in uninfected controls. Neither reticulum cells nor lymphocytes show destruction of their ultrastructure. Only a process of activation of the lymphocytes can be seen by electronmicroscopy. In the lymphocytes the mitochondria are enlarged and there are more than in the controls. At the same time Golgi-apparatus and endoplasmatic reticulum become prominent.     

改良型大鼠鞘内穿刺置管针及导管末端注药装置在大鼠鞘内置管术中的应用研究

目的: 介绍一种大鼠鞘内穿刺置管针及导管末端注药装置在大鼠鞘内置管术中的应用,并评价其可行性和有效性。方法: 60只清洁级SD雄性大鼠,随机分为常规组(C组,n=30)和改良组(M组,n=30)。C组使用尖端磨平的20G针头穿刺置管,置入微量导管后于大鼠颈部两耳间穿出,留置2～3 cm,导管末端热封后游离放置;M组使用鞘内穿刺置管针进行操作,并以微量注射旋塞保护鞘内导管末端。术后1 d评估两组大鼠运动功能,分别于术后1、3、7、14、21 d进行利多卡因试验,至30 d鞘内注射亚甲蓝定位,观察并记录鞘内导管位置;记录两组鞘内给药操作时间;测定术前及术后上述时点两组大鼠机械刺激缩足反应阈值 (PWT);术前及术后一周行旷场实验,评估两组大鼠自主活动情况。结果: 运动功能分级:C组Ⅰ级75.9%,Ⅱ级20.7%,Ⅲ级3.4%,M组Ⅰ级96.7%,Ⅱ级3.3%,M组运动功能分级Ⅰ级占比率显著高于C组(P＜0.05);利多卡因实验和亚甲蓝定位导管位置显示:C组分别于置管后第14日、21日各有1例脱落,至置管后第30日,共有4例导管脱落,而M组导管均在位,两组相比有统计学差异(P＜0.05);M组鞘内注药操作时间多在1 min左右,而C组超过3 min,两组相比有显著统计学差异(P＜0.01);PWT变化情况:两组置管后一周内PWT有波动,第3日降至最低,两组与术前相比均有显著差异(P＜ 0.05),置管后7 d逐渐恢复至术前水平,两组间比较无差异;旷场实验:M组置管前后在总路程、中央区活动路程以及运动时间和速度等方面均无差异,两组间各指标之间相比也无差异。结论: 改良型大鼠鞘内穿刺置管针较常规穿刺置管工具穿刺效能一致,但对大鼠运动功能影响小;微量注射旋塞能有效避免鞘内导管脱出,快速便捷完成注药,并对大鼠自主活动无影响,值得进一步推广使用。     

RNA synthesis in different regions of rat brain at various time intervals after cerebellectomy

RNA synthesis was studied in cerebral cortex, thalamus and brain stem of rat, on the 3rd, 8th, 30th and 75th day after cerebellectomy. An increased RNA synthesis was detected in thalamus at the 30th day and in cerebral cortex and brain stem at the 75th day after cerebellectomy. Our findings suggest that motor compensation following the cerebellectomy could be supported by a spatio-temporal organization of macromolecular synthesis in different brain regions.     

Manifestation of integrative activity in the neuronally isolated cortex]

By the slow bioelectrical activity parameter, with vector representation of experimental data, an attempt was made to reveal elements of integrative activity in the neuronally isolated cortex at early stages after its isolation from subcortical formations. Animals with an intact cerebral cortex were used as controls. It has been found that in spite of isolation of the cerebral cortex from synaptic influences of the subcortical structures, it possesses even at early stages after isolation (10--17th day) its own mechanisms of integrative activity, providing for the organization of background and evoked activity which are gradually normalized by the 30th to 40th day, without however reaching the level of activity of the intact cerebral cortex.     

P53抗体联合CYFRA21-1和CEA在非小细胞肺癌中的应用

目的：研究血清P53抗体在非小细胞肺癌临床病理特征之间的关系,并结合血清中的癌胚抗原、角质蛋白21-1以指导对临床上肺癌复发和转移的分析,用来选择合理的治疗方案。方法：正常组30例,肺良性疾病组10例,肺癌组45例,肺癌全组分别于手术前1天、术后10、30、60和90天时抽取清晨空腹静脉血2ml,23例肺癌病例于手术后120天,15例病例于手术后180天抽取清晨空腹静脉血2ml,肺良性疾病组分别于手术前1天、抽取清晨空腹静脉血2ml。正常组清晨空腹采集静脉血2ml。采用酶联免疫吸附法（ELISA）检测血清P53抗体和角质蛋白21-1,采用荧光酶标免疫法检测血清癌胚抗原。结果：血清P53抗体、CYFRA21-1和CEA在正常人组、良性疾病组、肺癌组术前阳性率的比较三种肿瘤标志物阳性率经X2检验,在肺癌组分别与正常人组和良性病例组有显著性差异（P〈0.05）,良性病例组和正常人组之间无显著行差异（P〉0.05）。并与手术后复发与转移相关。结论：联合检测癌胚抗原、角质蛋白21-1及血清P53抗体水平有助于肺部良恶性疾病的诊断;手术前后动态测定肺癌患者血清P53抗体和角质蛋白21-1的变化规律,有助于判断疗效,监测预后和指导肺癌术后的综合治疗。     

Folic Acid Prevents Behavioral Impairment and Na+,K+-ATPase Inhibition Caused by Neonatal Hypoxia–Ischemia

Folic acid plays an important role in neuroplasticity and acts as a neuroprotective agent, as observed in experimental brain ischemia studies. The aim of this study was to investigate the effects of folic acid on locomotor activity, aversive memory and Na(+),K(+)-ATPase activity in the frontal cortex and striatum in animals subjected to neonatal hypoxia-ischemia (HI). Wistar rats of both sexes at postnatal day 7 underwent HI procedure and were treated with intraperitoneal injections of folic acid (0.011 μmol/g body weight) once a day, until the 30th postnatal day. Starting on the day after, behavioral assessment was run in the open field and in the inhibitory avoidance task. Animals were sacrificed by decapitation 24 h after testing and striatum and frontal cortex were dissected out for Na(+),K(+)-ATPase activity analysis. Results show anxiogenic effect in the open field and an impairment of aversive memory in the inhibitory avoidance test in HI rats; folic acid treatment prevented both behavioral effects. A decreased Na(+),K(+)-ATPase activity in striatum, both ipsilateral and contralateral to ischemia, was identified after HI; a total recovery was observed in animals treated with folic acid. A partial recovery of Na(+),K(+)-ATPase activity was yet seen in frontal cortex of HI animals receiving folic acid supplementation. Presented results support that folic acid treatment prevents memory deficit and anxiety-like behavior, as well as prevents Na(+),K(+)-ATPase inhibition in the striatum and frontal cortex caused by neonatal hypoxia-ischemia.     

Changes in enzyme activities involved in malate metabolism in oak leaves during rhythmic growth

Amide content, ATP level and activities of enzymes linked to malate metabolism were determined in leaves of three successive flushes of common oak during the development of the third flush. In the expanding leaves, all studied enzymes showed a maximum activity around the 7th day after budbreak. Phosphoenolpyruvate carboxylase (PEPc), NAD-malate dehydrogenase (MDH) and NADP-malic enzyme (ME) maintained high activity up to full leaf expansion. In contrast, fumarase (FUM), pyruvate kinase (PK) and NADP-MDH activities sharply decreased to reach, on the 10th day after budbreak, the same low activity levels as those measured in mature leaves. Two patterns were observed in oak leaves during growth. Firstly (7th–10th day after budbreak), PK, FUM and NADP-MDH could contribute to the supply of ATP through glycolysis and Krebs cycle; the ATP profile corroborated those results. Secondly (after the 10th day), the maintenance of an active PEPc pathway led to a respiratory CO₂ refixation and provided carbon skeletons for amino acid synthesis. Furthermore, nitrate reductase (NR) activity was high in young oak leaves. Slight changes in activities of NR as well as NAD(P)-ME, NAD(P)-MDH can be noted on days 7 and 10 after budbreak in the mature leaves. These changes could be necessary in supplying the third flush with amino acids. These data suggest that MDH, ME, PK and PEPc have important functions in the young leaves which are not directly linked to C₃ photosynthesis but rather to nitrate assimilation and malate provision to mitochondria.