Chemical Constituents from the Seeds of Ziziphusjujuba var. spinosa （Bunge） Hu

To search for new and bioactive minor components from traditional Chinese medicines, a new compound, named jujuphenoside (1), was isolated from the seeds of Ziziphus jujuba var. spinosa (Bunge) Hu. The structure ofjujuphenoside was elucidated by spectral and chemical methods, particularly twodimensional nuclear magnetic resonance analysis. Together with the new compound, 22 known compounds were also isolated and identified from the seeds of Z. jujuba var. spinosa, among which, epiceanothic acid (2) was first obtained from natural resources, whereas compounds 7-16 were first obtained from this plant.     

Two New Coumarins from Fraxinus chinensis Rexb.

The ethanol extract of the stem bark of Fraxinus chinensis Roxb. showed good inhibitory bioactivity against VEGF receptor-1 kinase （IC50：13.8 μg/mL）. In order to find new and bioactive compounds, the chemical constituents of the stem bark of F. chinensis were investigated and two new coumarins, namely 6＇-O-sinapinoyl esculin （compound 1） and 6＇-O-vanillyl esculin （compound 2）, together with eleven known compounds （compounds 3-13） were isolated. The structures of the two new compounds were identified by their physicochemical properties and spectral analysis, particularly one- and two-dimensional nuclear magnetic resonance spectral methods. The known compound, oleuropein （compound 11）, exhibited moderate activity （IC50：（8.7 ± 1.3） μmol/L） to inhibit VEGF receptor- 1 kinase.     

Chemical Constituents of the Roots of Vernonia cumingiana Benth.

To search for new and bioactive constituents from traditional Chinese medicines, a new steroidal saponin, named vernonioside G （1）, was isolated from the roots of Vernonia cumingiana Benth. （Compositae）. The structure of vernonioside G was elucidated using spectral methods, particularly two-dimensional nuclear magnetic resonance analysis. Together with the new compound, eight known compounds were also isolated and identified from the roots of V. cumingiana, among which, VE-1 （2） and 24-methylenelanost-9（11）- en-3β-ol acetate （3） were assigned NMR data for the first time and compound 3 was obtained as a natural product from a plant for the first time.     

Two New Sesquiterpenoid Glucosides from the Aerial Parts of Saussurea involucrate

Two new sesqulterpenoid glucosides, namely α-hydroxycostic acid 6-β-D-glucopyranoside （compound 1） and 11 βH-11,13-dlhydrodehydrocostuslactone 8α-O-（6＇-acetyl）-β-D-glucopyranoside （compound 2）, along with 11 known sesqulterpenoids （compounds 3-13） were isolated from the aerial parts of Saussurea involucrate （Kar. et Kir.） Sch.- BIp. The structures of the new sesquiterpenoid glucosides were established by one- and two-dimensional nuclear magnetic resonance and mass spectrometry analysis.     

Flavonoids from Lysidice rhodostegia Hance

A novel flavonoid named mopanolchin (1), together with seven known flavonoids, was isolated by various chromatographic techniques and spectroscopic methods from the EtOAc extract of the roots of Lysidice rhodostegia Hance. The structure of the new compound was elucidated as l““““-(4-hydroxy-3, 5-dimethoxy)phenyl-2““““-hydroxymethyl-dioxino [4‘,5‘,1““““,2““““]mopanol (1) on the basis of spectral analysis.The known compounds were identified as (-)-epicatechin-3-O-gallate (2), epicatechin (3), naringenin (4),edodictyol (5), luteolin (6), 7, 3‘, 4‘-trihydroxyflavone (7) and (-)-robinetinidol (8).     

Chemical Constituents of Siegesbeckia orientalis L.

The aerial parts of Siegesbeckia have been used as the traditional Chinese medicine in the treatment of rheumatic arthritis, hypertension, malaria, neurasthenia, and snakebite. In order to find new and bioactive compounds, the chemical constituents of the aerial parts of S. orientalis L. were investigated and two new compounds, namely β-D-glucopyranosyl-ent-2-oxo-15,16-dihydroxy-pimar-8（14）-en-19-oic-late （compound 1 ） and [1 （10） E,4Z]-8β-angeloyloxy-9α-methoxy-6α, 15-dihydroxy-14-oxogermacra-1 （10）,4,11 （13）-trien-12-oic acid 12,6-1actone （compound 2）, as well as five known ent-pimarane diterpenes （compounds 3-7） were isolated. The structures of the two new compounds were identified by their physicochemical properties and spectral analysis, particularly oneand two-dimensional nuclear magnetic resonance spectral methods.     

Triterpenoid Saponins from Pulsatilla cernua （Thunb.） Bercht. et Opiz.

To investigate saponins from the roots of Pulsatilla cernua （Thunb.） Bercht. et Opiz., two new compounds together with five known trlterpenold saponins were isolated. The structures of the two new trlterpenoid saponins, named cernuasides A and B, were elucidated as 3-O-[β-D-xylopyranosyl（1-）2）]-[α-L-rhamnopyranosyl（1-）4）]-α-L- arablnopyranosyl hederagenin 28-O-β-D-glucopyranosyl ester （compound 1） and 3-O-[α-L-arabinopyranosyl（1→）3）]- [α-L-rhamnopyranosyl （1→）2）]-α-L-arabinopyranosyl hederagenin 28-O-β-D-glucopyranosyl ester （compound 2） by 1D, 2D-NMR techniques, ESIMS analysis, as well as chemical methods.     

小红参的抗癌环己肽甙和乔木萜烷型三萜新成分

The roots of Rubia yunnanensis Diels.known as"Xiao Hong Sheng",are used asantitumor drug in Yunnan.From methanol extract of the plant,a newglycocyclohexapeptide and a cyclohexapeptide(deoxybouvadin)with high antitumor ac-tivity,together,with ten arborane type triterpenoids Including seven new ones.were iso-lated and their structures were elucidated on the basis of spectral and chemical methods.     

Two new triterpenoid saponins from Gymnema sylvestre

Two new oleanane-type triterpenoid saponins, gymnemoside-W1 and W2, together with seven known compounds were isolated from the leaves of Gymnema sylvestre R. Br. By means of spectral and chemical analysis, the structures of the new compounds were elucidated as 16 β-hydroxyl olean-12-en-3-O-[β-D-glucopyranosyl (1→6)-β.D-glucopyranosyl]-28-O-β-D-glucopyranoside(1) and 16 β,21 β,28-trihydroxyl-olean-12-ene-3-O-glucoronopyranoside (2). The EtOHIH2O extracts of this plant were shown to be able to inhibit glucose absorption in rats.     

Water-Soluble Constituents of Cudrania tricuspidata （Carr.） Bur.

In order to find new structural and biologically active compounds, the constituents of the bark of Cudrania tricuspidata （Carr.） Bur. were investigated and a new 6-p-hydroxybenzyltaxifolin glucoside, named tricusposide （compound 1）, together with 16 known compounds, was isolated by solvent partition, macroporous adsorption resin AB-8, silica gel, Sephadex LH-20 chromatography. Using spectroscopic methods, the structures of the compounds were elucidated as 6-p-hydroxybenzyl taxifolin-7-O-β-D-glucoside （compound 1）, dihydroquerctin-7-O-β-D-glucoside （compound 2）, dihydrokaempferol-3-O-β-D-glucoside （compound 3）, dihydroquercetin （compound 4）, peonoside （compound 5）, sphaerobioside （compound 6）, quercimeritrin （compound 7）, genistein （compound 8）, aromadendrin （compound 9）, kaempferol （compound 10）, genistin （compound 11）, 3,4-dihydroxystyryl alcohol （compound 12）, sucrose （compound 13）, 1,3,5,6-tetrahydroxyxanthone （compound 14）, gericudranin E （compound 15）, gericudranin C （compound 16）, and orobol （compound 17）. Compounds 2-6, 8, 9, 12-14, and 17 were isolated from this genus for the first time.     

三七环二肽成分

从三七(Panax notoginseng)的根中分离得到14个环二肽成分,通过波谱解析其结构分别鉴定为环-(亮氨酸-苏氨酸)(1)、环-(亮氨酸-异亮氨酸)(2)、环-(亮氨酸-缬氨酸)(3)、环-(异亮氨酸-缬氨酸)(4)、环-(亮氨酸-丝氨酸)(5)、环-(亮氨酸-酪氨酸)(6)、环-(缬氨酸-脯氨酸)(7)、环-(丙氨酸-脯氨酸)(8)、环-(苯丙氨酸-酪氨酸)(9)、环-(苯丙氨酸-丙氨酸)(10)、环-(苯丙氨酸-缬氨酸)(11)、环-(亮氨酸-丙氨酸)(12)、环-(异亮氨酸-丙氨酸)(13)、环-(缬氨酸-丙氨酸)(14)。其中化合物1为新化合物,化合物4～10为新天然化合物,化合物2～3、11～14为已知化合物;化合物2和11、3和4、12和13分别为一对混合物,比例分别为2：1、1：1和2：1。     

竹节参化学成分研究

从竹节参的乙醇提取物分离得到了12个化合物,通过MS和NMR等方法鉴定为:竹节参皂苷Ⅳa(1),楤木皂苷A(2),竹节参皂苷Ⅰb(3),竹节参皂苷Ⅴ(4),尿嘧啶(5),胸嘧啶(6),尿苷(7),鸟苷(8),胸苷(9),腺苷(10),肌苷(11),胞苷(12),其中5 ～ 12为首次从该植物中分离.     

三七花蕾中黄酮类成分的分离与结构鉴定(英文)

通过硅胶柱层析,制备性薄层色谱分离,从三七花蕾中分离得到2个黄酮化合物,依据理化性质及光谱数据鉴定为山奈酚-3-O-α-L-鼠李糖甙(1)和山奈酚-3-O-(2’’,3’’-二反式对羟基桂皮酰基)-α-L-鼠李糖甙(2)。这两个黄酮均首次从该植物中分离得到。     

Biotransformation of Saponins by Endophytes Isolated from Panax notoginseng

The biotransformation of the major saponins in Panax notoginseng, including the ginsenosides Rg1, Rh1, Rb1, and Re, by endophytes isolated from P. notoginseng was studied. One hundred and thirty‐six endophytes were isolated and screened for their biotransformational abilities. The results showed that five of the tested endophytes were able to transform these saponins. These five strains were identified based on their ITS or 16S rDNA sequences, which revealed that they belonged to the genera Fusarium, Nodulisporium, Brevundimonas, and Bacillus genera. Ten transformed products were isolated and identified, including a new compound 6‐O‐[α‐L ‐rhamnopyranosyl‐(1→2)‐β‐D ‐glucopyranosyl]‐20‐O‐β‐D ‐glucopyranosyldammarane‐3,6,12,20,24,25‐hexaol ( 3 ), and nine known compounds, compound K ( 1 ), ginsenoside F2 ( 2 ), vinaginsenoside R13 ( 4 ), vinaginsenoside R22 ( 5 ), pseudo‐ginsenoside RT4 ( 6 ), (20S)‐protopanaxatriol ( 7 ), ginsenoside Rg1 ( 8 ), vinaginsenoside R15 ( 9 ), and (20S)‐3‐O‐β‐D ‐glucopyranosyl‐6‐O‐β‐D ‐glucopyranosylprotopanaxatriol ( 10 ). This is the first study on the biotransformation of chemical components in P. notoginseng by endophytes isolated from the same plant.     

The Triterpenoid Saponins of Rhizomes of Panax laponicus C.A. Meyer var. angustifolius(Burk.) Cheng et Chu

From the rhizome of Panax japonicus C. A. Meyer var. angustifolius (Burk.) Cheng et Chu collected in Yunnan, 10 triterpenoid saponins were isolated with SiO2 chromatograph and reversed phase chromatograph. The saponins were identified as ginsenoside Ro (1), Rd (7), Rg1 (8), Rhl (9), notoginsenoside R1 (6), chikusetsusaponin Ⅳ(4), Ⅳa(2), zingibroside R1(3), oleanolic acid 28-β-D-glucoside (10) and oleanolic acid 3-β-D-glucuronoside (5) respectively, by means of 13C-NMR, MS of acetate, and chemical methods, as well as compared with authentic samples. Among the rest, (5), a prosaponin of ginsenoside Ro (1) was firstly isolation from species of genus Panax. The fact that saponin constituents of rhizome of var. angustifolius was similar to P. japonicus and var. major, further supported the view that three taxes belonged to a variational limit of one species.     

Acylated protopanaxadiol-type ginsenosides from the root of Panax ginseng

Six new protopanaxadiol-type ginsenosides, named ginsenosides Ra(4) -Ra(9) (1-6, resp.), along with 14 known dammarane-type triterpene saponins, were isolated from the root of Panax ginseng, one of the most important Chinese medicinal herbs. The structures of the new compounds were determined by spectroscopic methods, including 1D- and 2D-NMR, HR-MS, and chemical transformation as (20S)- 3-O-{β-D-6-O-[(E)-but-2-enoyl]glucopyranosyl-(1→2)-β-D-glucopyranosyl}-20-O-[β-D-xylopyranosyl-(1→4)-α-L-arabinopyranosyl-(1→6)-β-D-glucopyranosyl]protopanaxadiol (1), (20S)-3-O-[β-D-6-O-acetylglucopyranosyl-(1→2)-β-D-glucopyranosyl]-20-O-[β-D-xylopyranosyl-(1→4)-α-L-arabinopyranosyl-(1→6)-β-D-glucopyranosyl]protopanaxadiol (2), (20S)-3-O-{β-D-6-O-[(E)-but-2-enoyl]glucopyranosyl-(1→2)-β-D-glucopyranosyl}-20-O-[β-D-glucopyranosyl-(1→6)-β-D-glucopyranosyl]protopanaxadiol (3), (20S)-3-O-{β-D-6-O-[(E)-but-2-enoyl]glucopyranosyl-(1→2)-β-D-glucopyranosyl}-20-O-[α-L-arabinopyranosyl-(1→6)-β-D-glucopyranosyl]protopanaxadiol (4), (20S)-3-O-{β-D-4-O-[(E)-but-2-enoyl]glucopyranosyl-(1→2)-β-D-glucopyranosyl}-20-O-[α-L-arabinofuranosyl-(1→6)-β-D-glucopyranosyl]protopanaxadiol (5), (20S)-3-O-{β-D-6-O-[(E)-but-2-enoyl]glucopyranosyl-(1→2)-β-D-glucopyranosyl}-20-O-[α-L-arabinofuranosyl-(1→6)-β-D-glucopyranosyl]protopanaxadiol (6). The sugar moiety at C(3) of the aglycone of each new ginsenoside is butenoylated or acetylated.     

土生曲霉转化三七中药材的研究

从土壤真菌中筛选出直接转化中药材三七化学成分的菌株YM31966,经鉴定该菌株为土生曲霉(Aspergillus terreus).以固态转化方式,结合化学提取分离方法,通过高效液相色谱、核磁共振及质谱等波谱检测,该菌株转化三七产物由三七皂苷nR2 、RX1和人参皂苷Rg1、Rd、Rh1、Rh4构成主体成分,而原三七成分Rb1、Rc、Re和R1、R3,R6等物质被分解.结果表明,土生曲霉是一株能转化中药材三七的微生物,它具有改变原三七化学成分,形成新化合物,以及提高某些原化合物成分含量的作用.     

Three sesquiterpene hydrocarbons from the roots of Panax ginseng C.A. Meyer (Araliaceae)

The volatile constituents of the roots of Panax ginseng C.A. Meyer have been investigated after hydrodistillation and analysed by means of different analytical methods. Besides several compounds already known three sesquiterpene hydrocarbons have been isolated from the essential oil. Structure elucidation of the bicyclic panaxene as well as of the tricyclic panaginsene and ginsinsene was performed by MS and NMR. They have been identified as (1R*,2S*,5S*)-2-ethenyl-1(1-methylethenyl)-2,6,6-trimethylbicyclo[3.2.0]heptane (panaxene), (1S*,8S*,11R*)-4,7,7,11-tetramethyltricyclo[6.3.0.0(1,5)]undec-4-ene (panaginsene) und (1R*,6R*,7R*)-3,7,10,10-tetramethyltricyclo[4.3.2.0(2,6)]undec-2-ene (ginsinsene).     

Immunological-adjuvant saponins from the roots of Panax notoginseng

The total saponin extract from the dried roots of Panax notoginseng (Burk.) F. H. Chen possesses immunological-adjuvant activities. Guided by in vivo immunological tests, further study on this fraction afforded three active dammarane-type saponins. Their structures were determined on the basis of chemical evidence and extensive spectroscopic methods, including 1D- and 2D-NMR. The novel compound (20S)-protopanaxatriol 20-O-beta-D-glucopyranosyl-(1-->6)-beta-D-glucopyranoside (1), and the two known compounds ginsenoside Rh4 (2) and notoginsenoside K (3) exhibited immunological-adjuvant activities on the humoral immune responses of ICR mice against ovalbumin (OVA).     

Traits of Panax ginseng hairy roots after cold storage and cryopreservation

Summary Panax ginseng hairy root cultures were established by infecting petiole segments with Agrobacterium rhizogenes strain 15834. Hairy root segments including root tips placed onto phytohormone-free 1/2 Murashige and Skoog solid medium and stored at 4 °C in the dark for 4 months, resumed elongation when the temperature was raised to 25 °C in the dark. For cryopreservation, a vitrification method was applied. Root tips precultured with 0.1 mg/l 2,4-D for 3 days and dehydrated with PVS2 solution for 8 minutes prior to immersion into liquid nitrogen had a survival rate of 60 % and could regenerate. The hairy roots regenerated from cryopreserved root tips grew well and showed the same ginsenoside productivity and patterns as those of the control hairy roots cultured continuously at 25 °C. The conservation of T-DNAs in the regenerated hairy roots was proved by PCR analysis.Abbreviations 1/2 MS a half strength Murashige and Skoog (1962) - B5 Gamborg B5 (Gamborg et al. 1968) - WP woody plant (Lloyd and McCown 1980) - RC root culture (Thomas and Davey 1982) - RCI root culture medium containing 100 mg/l myoinositol - HF phytohormone-free - IAA indole-3-acetic acid - IBA indole-3-butyric acid - 2,4-D 2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid - TIBA 2,3,5-triiodobenzoic acid - PCR polymerase chain reaction - PVS2 plant vitrification solution 2 (Sakai et al., 1990) - FDA fluorecein diacetate