荞麦属植物三叶期幼叶酯酶同工酶研究

用聚丙烯酰胺凝胶电泳技术对荞麦属(Fagopyrum Mill)8个种(含大粒组7个种和小粒组1个种)29份栽培及野生荞麦植株三叶期幼叶的酯酶同工酶进行了研究.结果发现:酯酶同工酶酶带共31条,不同物种的酶带数4～9条,其中甜荞有8条带,而苦荞为9条.酶带分析及聚类分析表明:大粒组荞麦种的谱带与细野荞(F.gracilipes)等小粒组荞麦种间差异极大,甜荞(F.esculentum)和苦荞(F.tataricum)酶带分别与大野荞(F.megaspartanium)和毛野荞(F.pilus)相似,并分别与大野荞和毛野荞聚类最近, 提示大野荞和毛野荞可能分别是甜荞和苦荞的祖先种.     

荞麦属种质资源发芽种子过氧化物酶同工酶研究

用聚丙烯酰胺凝胶电泳对荞麦属9个种(含大粒组8个和小粒组1个)32个收集系栽培及野生荞麦种子的过氧化物酶同工酶进行了研究。结果表明:过氧化物酶同工酶酶带23条,不同物种的酶带数4到8条。其中,甜荞有7条带,而苦荞为4条。酶带分析及聚类分析表明:大粒组荞麦种的谱带与F.gracilipes等小粒组荞麦种间差异极大,甜荞和苦荞酶带分别与F.megaspartanium和F.pilus相似,并分别与F.megas-partanium和F.pilus聚类最近,支持F.megaspartanium和F.pilus可能分别是甜荞和苦荞祖先种的假说。     

荞麦属植物三叶期幼叶过氧化物酶同工酶研究

用聚丙烯酰胺凝胶电泳技术对荞麦属(Fagopyrum Mill)8个种(含大粒组7个种和小粒组1个种)28份栽培及野生荞麦植株三叶期幼叶的过氧化物酶同工酶进行了研究.结果发现:过氧化物酶同工酶酶带共23条,不同物种的酶带数4～9条,其中甜荞有6条带,而苦荞为9条.酶带及聚类分析表明:大粒组荞麦种的谱带与细野荞(F.gracilipes)等小粒组荞麦种间差异极大,甜荞(F.esculentum)和苦荞(F.tataricum)酶带分别与大野荞(F.megaspartanium)和毛野荞(F.pilus)相似,并分别与大野荞和毛野荞聚类最近, 支持Chen(1999)提出的大野荞和毛野荞可能分别是甜荞和苦荞的祖先种的假说.     

五个中国荞麦(Fagopyrum)种的核型分析

用去壁低渗法对甜荞 ( Fagopyrum esculentum)、苦荞 ( F.tataricum)、左贡野荞 ( F.zuogongense Q.F.Chen) ,大野荞 ( F.megaspartanium Q.F.Chen)及毛野荞 ( F.pilus Q.F.Chen)等大粒组荞麦种的根尖和茎尖有丝分裂染色体进行了观察 ,并对其茎尖有丝分裂染色体的核型进行了比较分析。结果表明 :这 5种荞麦在核型上类似 ,都有 2对随体染色体 ,而且都为对称核型。但它们彼此有一定的差异。甜荞、苦荞、大野荞、毛野荞及左贡野荞的核型公式分别为 1 2 m+4m( SAT)、1 2 m+4sm( SAT)、8m+4sm+4m( SAT)、1 2 m+2 m( SAT) +2 sm( SAT)及 2 4 m+4sm+4m( SAT)。     

川西北荞麦种间亲缘关系初步研究

采用RAPD和同工酶技术对川西北具有代表性的10份荞麦材料进行分析.结果表明,筛选出的15个RAPD引物扩增出388条带.其中352条具有多态性,多态性比率为90.72%;过氧化物同工酶分析获得15条酶带,酯酶同工酶获得10条酶带.3种方法聚类结果基本一致,10份材料可初步聚为4个类群.其中,与金荞亲缘关系相比,甜荞较近而苦荞较远;普格县野荞和齿翅野荞、细柄野荞亲缘关系较近,划为同类;阿坝野荞单独划为一类,对其在分类中的地位有待进一步研究.     

荞麦属植物淀粉酶和甲酸脱氢酶同功酶研究(英文)

以聚丙烯酰胺凝胶电泳方法研究了荞麦属植物8个种42个收集系干种子和发芽种子的淀粉酶和甲酸脱氢酶同功酶。结果表明,荞麦淀粉酶在于种子中缺乏活性,但是在发芽种子中活性很强。在供试材料的发芽种子中共发现23个淀粉酶谱带,其中甜荞和苦荞分别有10条和8条。不同荞麦种间淀粉酶谱带差异很大,但是同种内不同收集系间差异较小。谱带聚类分析表明大野荞和毛野荞分别与甜荞和苦荞较近缘,支持它们分别为甜荞和苦荞祖先种的假说。在干种子和发芽种子中,发现所有荞麦种类均只有1条位置一致的甲酸脱氢酶谱带,暗示该酶在进化中具有高度稳定性。     

荞麦及其野生种遗传多样性分析

荞麦起源于我国西南地区,该地区分布有大量荞麦地方品种和野生近缘种。本研究利用SSR分子标记,对从我国西南地区收集的81份荞麦及其野生资源进行遗传多样性分析。结果显示,利用19对SSR引物共检测出84个等位基因,每对SSR引物平均扩增出4.421个等位基因,19对SSR引物的平均Shannon's信息指数为0.985,平均PIC为0.478。81份荞麦及其野生资源的相似系数范围为0.500~1.000,分析发现大粒组荞麦种(甜荞及其近缘种、苦荞及小米荞、金荞)与小粒组硬枝万年荞亲缘关系比较近。通过聚类分析在遗传相似系数为0.732时,可将81份荞麦种质分为4个类群,第Ⅰ类由小粒组齿翅野荞、细柄野荞、小野荞麦、疏穗小野荞麦和硬枝万年荞组成;第Ⅱ类由甜荞和甜荞近缘种组成;第Ⅲ类都是由金荞组成;第Ⅳ类是由苦荞和小米荞组成。在遗传系数为0.920时,小粒组荞麦种可以明显区分出疏穗小野荞麦、硬枝万年荞、齿翅野荞及其细柄野荞。研究表明,19对SSR引物多态性较高,能较好反应荞麦及其野生种质的遗传多样性,本研究的结果为荞麦属种之间的亲缘关系分析和荞麦起源进化研究提供科学依据。     

基于ITS和ndhF-rpl32序列的荞麦种间亲缘关系分析

荞麦起源于我国, 演化形成了丰富的物种和遗传多样性。为了有效研究和利用荞麦及其野生种资源, 以从四川、甘肃、贵州等地采集的荞麦属(Fagopyrum)10个种(含变种、亚种和复合体种)共71份材料为对象, 通过ITS和叶绿体ndhF-rpl32序列分析, 利用MEGA5.0构建系统进化树, 探讨了荞麦种内及种间亲缘关系。结果表明, 在ITS序列矩阵中, 序列长度为725 bp, 信息位点为150个, 占序列总长度的20.7%; 在ndhF-rpl32序列矩阵中, 序列长度为940 bp, 信息位点为158个, 占序列总长度的16.8%。由ITS序列和ndhF-rpl32序列构建的两个进化树都可以将71份材料分为大粒荞麦种组和小粒荞麦种组; 其中, 大粒荞麦种组包括栽培苦荞和米苦荞(F. tataricum)、金荞复合体(F. cymosum complex)、栽培甜荞(F. esculentum)和野生甜荞(F. esculentum ssp. ancestralis); 小粒荞麦种组包括齿翅野荞(F. gracilipes var. odontopterum)、疏穗小野荞(F. leptopodum var. grossii)、小野荞(F. leptopodum)、密毛野荞(F. densovillosum)、细柄野荞(F. gracilipes)和硬枝万年荞(F. urophyllum)。而ndhF-rpl32序列构建的系统发育树还能区分栽培甜荞和野生甜荞, 具有更好的聚类效果。另外, 与栽培甜荞相比, 金荞复合体与栽培苦荞的亲缘关系更近。该研究为荞麦属种的分类和条形码研究提供了一定的科学依据。     

荞麦属种间13S球蛋白基因序列比较研究

荞麦13S球蛋白是荞麦种子中的一类主要贮藏蛋白。本研究选用荞麦属植物甜荞栽培种及其野生类型、苦荞栽培种及其野生类型、毛野荞、左贡野荞、细柄野荞和硬枝万年荞6个种共44份材料,进行PCR特异性扩增、测序得到荞麦13S球蛋白基因的保守片段序列。对序列进行差异分析,结果发现44份供试材料13S球蛋白基因片段的285个排列位点中不变位点为24个,多态性位点S为261个(含简约信息位点数198个和单型可变位点63个),序列总突变位点Eta为503个。野生甜荞种内13S球蛋白基因序列差异明显高于栽培甜荞,但野生苦荞种内13S球蛋白基因序列差异仅稍高于栽培苦荞。推测其一方面可能与繁殖方式有关,另一方面可能与荞麦驯化过程中通常只有少数野生型群体被驯化有关。系统聚类分析发现栽培甜荞与野甜荞亲缘关系近,与左贡野荞亲缘关系次之;栽培苦荞与野苦荞亲缘关系近,与毛野荞亲缘关系次之;细柄野荞和硬枝万年荞的13S蛋白基因片段序列差异较小,说明其亲缘关系较近。上述结果为荞麦属种间遗传多样性与进化关系研究提供了理论依据。     

家鸽不同组织同工酶的初步研究

利用聚丙烯酰胺凝胶电泳方法对家鸽不同组织的酯酶同工酶、乳酸脱氢酶同工酶的酶谱进行了观察和试验分析。计算了家鸽8种组织酯酶同工酶各自酶带的Rf值。显示出家鸽8种组织的酯酶同工酶酶带和7种组织的乳酸脱氢酶同工酶酶谱分布特征具有明显的组织特异性。初步分析了基因位点与酶谱带型之间的相互关系,对于鸟类的生化分析和遗传研究有参考作用。     

A study of resources of Fagopyrum (Polygonaceae) native to China

Morphology, taxonomy, reproductive biology, esterase isozyme patterns and chromosome number were studied in 16 accessions of cultivated and wild buckwheat native to Tibet, Sichuan, Guizhou and Yunnan. Among these are four established species: Fagopyrum esculentum, F tataricum, F. pleioramosum and F gracilipes. The first three species are diploid (2 n = 16) and the last one is tetraploid (2 n = 32). In addition to the above, three new species are described: F. zuogongense, F. megaspartanium and E pilus. There are clear differences in esterase isozyme patterns between these species. The zymographs of esterase isozyme of diploid F. megaspartanium (native to Sichuan) and F. pilus (native to Tibet) are similar to those of F. esculentum and F tataricum respectively. F. gracilipes , in the small achene group of the genus, has a zymograph of esterase isozyme that is very different from the species in the large-achene group. The diploid accessions of F. pilus and F. megaspartanium may be ancestors of cultivated buckwheat.     

Hybridization between Fagopyrum (Polygonaceae) species native to China

Thirty-eight crosses between seven Fagopyrum species native to China were studied. Following normal pollination, there were very low inter-group crossabilities (only 0 3%) between five species in the large-achene group and two species (E gracilipes and E pleioramosum) in the small-achene group, and high (15 50%) within the large-achene group, i.e. E esculentum, E tataricum, E zuogongense, E pilus and E megaspartanium. Crosses between various types of (lowers (homostyle, heterostyle etc.) suggested that the intraspecific incompatibility also occurs in interspecific crosses. The hybrid seeds obtained from interspecific crosses all withered or shrivelled and lacked activity. Only one hybrid plant was obtained, tetraploid E esculentum x tetraploid E zuogongense. The hybrid displayed anomalous behaviour at meiosis, pollen grain sterility and withering of achenes, confirming the genetic differences between E esculentum and E zuogongense. The results support the hypothesis that E megaspartanium and E pilus are the possible ancestors of cultivated buckwheat     

Variation in seed protein subunits among species of the genus Fagopyrum Mill

Seed protein subunits of 75 accessions belonging to ten species of buckwheat (seven species of the big-achene group and three of the small-achene group) were studied by means of SDS-PAGE. The subunits varied greatly both within a species and among different species. The seven buckwheat species of the big-achene group have 42 different subunits whereas those of the small-achene group have only 16. Each buckwheat species has at least a few unique subunits, which could be used for species identification in the genus Fagopyrum. In the small-achene group, F. gracillipes and F. pleioramosum are closely related. Based on the number, distribution, and cluster analysis of the seed protein subunits, common buckwheat, wild common buckwheat, F. esculentum var. homotropicum, F. zuogongense, and F. megaspartanium are close to one another and tartary buckwheat, wild tartary buckwheat, F. plius, F. cymosum, and F. giganteum are also close to each other, supporting the hypothesis that F. megaspartanium and F. pilus are ancestral species of common buckwheat and tartary buckwheat, respectively.     

几种荞麦的抗氧化酶活性研究

测定了荞麦属六种十个居群的SOD、CAT、POD和ASP活性。结果表明在栽培荞麦中,苦荞的抗氧化酶活性高于甜荞;野生荞麦中差异很大,抗氧化酶活性高的有金荞和贵州云台山大野荞。