桃叶珊瑚属植物的叶绿体基因组结构特征及系统发育分析

为确定桃叶珊瑚属(Aucuba)植物叶绿体基因组的结构及其序列变异,揭示其属下种间亲缘关系,该研究对桃叶珊瑚(A. chinensis)、花叶青木(A. japonica var. variegata)等6种桃叶珊瑚属植物和丝缨花属植物黄杨叶丝缨花(Garrya buxifolia)进行二代测序,利用生物信息学软件对其叶绿体基因组序列进行组装和注释,并进行基本特征分析、序列比较以及系统发育分析。结果表明:(1)桃叶珊瑚属植物叶绿体基因组具典型的环状四分体结构,6条序列全长157 891～158 325 bp,均编码114个基因,包括80个蛋白质编码基因、30个tRNA基因和4个rRNA基因。(2)6种植物叶绿体基因组高频密码子数均为29个,偏好以A/U结尾,确定了这6条序列的最优密码子共100个,包含12个共有的最优密码子。(3)6条叶绿体基因组序列共检测到270条散在重复序列,133条串联重复序列以及412个SSR位点。(4)比较基因组学分析结果表明,该属植物叶绿体基因组序列高度保守。(5)从叶绿体基因组中筛选出10个高变片段。(6)系统发育分析结果显示支持桃叶珊瑚属为一个支持率较高的单系,与丝缨花属关系较近。该研究中的5种桃叶珊瑚属植物以及1种丝缨花属植物的叶绿体基因组均为首次测序组装,揭示了桃叶珊瑚属及其属下种间的系统发育关系,为桃叶珊瑚属植物的分类鉴定和系统发育提供了参考资料。     

论泥盆纪和布克河珊瑚及其相关属

和布克河珊瑚（Hebukophyllum Liao and Cai,1987)产于新疆北部和布克赛尔蒙古族自治县上泥盆统洪古勒楞组。该属的特征明显,描述清楚,个体发育各个阶段的图影齐全,而且在国际学术界已经得到不少珊瑚专家的认可（Weyer,1994),但目前仍有一学者主张将它视为Circellia Ye and Wang 1983的同义名（Yu,1998,Pory and Boland,1996;Boland,1997)。经最近对这２属模式标本的进一步深入研究表明,虽然Ｈebukophyllum成年期的特征与Ｃircellia,Coniophyllum,Siphonophyllia等属有某些相似之处,但其幼年期的隔壁强烈加厚并在个体中央形成一个明显的轴管（aulos)明显不同于后３属,Ｈebukophyllum明显不属于caninoid型珊瑚;Circellia是一种隔壁成一个明显的轴管（aulos),明显不同于后３属。Hebukophyllum明显不属于caninoid型珊瑚;Circellia是一种隔壁构造十分不发育的小单体珊瑚,也不属于caninoid型珊瑚;Conilophyllum Poty and Boland,1996和Ｓiphonophyllia Scouler MS in McCoy,１８４４则属于典型的caninoid型珊瑚,因此,上述几个属之间并无密切的亲缘关系,它们应分属于不同的科：Ｆamily(科）Ａmplexidae Chapman,1893Genus（属）Circellia Ye and Wang,1983Ｆamily(科）Ｌaccophyllidae Grabau,1928,Genus(属）Hebukophyllum Liao and Cai,1987 Family(科）Caninidae Fomichev,1953,Genus(属）Conilophyllum Poty and Boland,1996Genus(属）Ｓiphonophyllia Scouler MS in McCoy,1844本文曾在１９９９年９月在日本仙台市如开第８次国际化刺丝胞与多孔类大会上（８th International Symposium on Fossil Cnidaria an Porifera)宣读,会上笔者曾与比利时珊瑚专家Ｐoty博士进行了交流和讨论,会后我们又特地向中国地质大学（武汉）王治平、叶干教授借阅了Circellia的模式标本进行了比较深入的研究,我们在此表示衷心的感谢。     

广州植物两个新分布属及其地理学意义

报道了采自广州从化的野牡丹科肉穗草属（Sarcopyramis）和兰科独蒜兰属（Pleione）各一种新分布植物,分别为楮头红（S. nepalensis Wall.）和独蒜兰[P. bulbocodioides (Franch.) Rolfe],凭证标本存放于华南农业大学植物标本馆(CANT)。两种植物在从化的分布地海拔260～300 m,是二者在中国大陆的最南部、海拔最低的分布记录,对研究两属植物的扩散机制、垂直分布及气候变化对物种迁移的影响等理论问题具有参考意义。     

广西柳州楼梯山马平组皱纹珊瑚新材料

研究了广西马平灰岩的标准地点柳州楼梯山剖面的地层及其珊瑚,描述皱纹珊瑚7属10种,其中5新种,并系统地阐述了马平组的沿革.     

广西禾本科植物二新记录属

该文报道了广西禾本科(Poaceae)植物二新记录属,即菵草属( Beckmannia Host)和草沙蚕属( Tripogon Roem. et Schult.)。菵草属有2种及1变种,分布较广,我国有1种1变种,广西首次记录到该属的菵草[ Beckmannia syzigachne (Steud.) Fern.]。草沙蚕属约有30种,多分布于亚洲和非洲,我国有11种,广西首次记录到该属的线形草沙蚕( Tripogon filiformis Nees ex Steud.)。同时,还提供了2个新记录属、种的形态描述与照片。     

广西苦苣苔科一新记录属——报春苣苔属

报道了广西苦苣苔科植物一新记录属——报春苣苔属,该属为中国特有的单型属,仅报春苣苔一种。报春苣苔分布狭域,数量稀少,已被列为国家一级重点保护植物。报春苣苔在广西境内仅知一个分布点,对其野外种群进行了实地调查。     

广西桂林菜子岩剖面中-上泥盆统界线附近的珊瑚动物群

中泥盆世吉维特期至晚泥盆世弗拉期早期,桂林菜子岩剖面处于浅水台地与较深水盆地过渡相区,因而含有较丰富的底栖生物(珊瑚、腕足类等)和浮游生物化石,包括有重要的牙形石带分子,因此该剖面是一重要的浅水相区与较深水相区对比的参考剖面。总体来看,菜子岩剖面的吉维特期晚期较弗拉期早期的四射珊瑚及床板珊瑚均要常见,其中四射珊瑚Truncicarinulum广泛分布,吉维特期晚期(自牙形石Schmidtognathus hermanni带至吉维特期结束)可以称为Truncicarinulum liujingense-Planocoenites guilinensis组合,但其主要特点则是以含有丰富的床板珊瑚为特征。弗拉期早期则以Phacellophyllum的较广分布为特点,可以称为Phacellophyllum stereoseptatum四射珊瑚动物群。文中共描述和图示了5属8种四射珊瑚和9属10种床板珊瑚。其中四射珊瑚有一个新种:Phacellophyllum stereoseptatum Liao and Ma sp.nov.;床板珊瑚有2个新种:Crassialveolites gaoshangtianensis Deng and Ma sp.nov.,Planocoenites guilinensis Deng and Ma sp.nov.。     

论志留纪陕西珊瑚属Shensiphyllum Ge et Yü,1974

ShensiphyllumGeetYü,1974为丛状复体珊瑚,以发育一列马蹄型鳞板,羽榍扇形排列为主要特征,是志留纪四射珊瑚已知唯一发育马蹄型鳞板的属。该属在我国上扬子区广泛分布于上兰多维列统(Llandovery)特列奇阶(Telychian)中,主要产自川北、陕南的宁强组、云南大关的大路寨组(中、上Telychian阶))、湖北长阳的纱帽组及四川朝天的王家湾组(下特列奇阶)。文中报道和描述川北朝天王家湾组中发现的3个新种Shensiphyllumsimplexsp.nov.,S.proliferumsp.nov.,S.intermediumsp.nov.。王家湾组是已知ShensiphyllumGeetY櫣产出的最低层位。详细讨论该属的骨骼构造特征、生长繁殖方式,探讨该属起源及其演化,根据新资料修订该属的属征,赞同将该属置PhacellophyllidaeWedekind科。     

论志留纪陕西珊瑚属Shensiphyllum Ge et Yǖ，1974

Shensiphyllum Ge et Yǖ,1974为丛状复体珊瑚,以发育一列马蹄型鳞板,羽榍扇形排列为主要特征,是志留纪四射珊瑚已知唯一发育马蹄型鳞板的属。该属在我国上扬子区广泛分布于上兰多维列统（Llandovery）特列奇阶（Telychian）中,主要产自川北、陕南的宁强组、云南大关的大路寨组（中、上Telychian阶））、湖北长阳的纱帽组及四川朝天的王家湾组（下特列奇阶）。文中报道和描述川北朝天王家湾组中发现的3个新种Shensiphyllum simplex sp．nov．,S．proliferum sp．nov．,S．intermedium sp．nov．。王家湾组是已知Shensiphyllum Ge et Yǖ产出的最低层位。详细讨论该属的骨骼构造特征、生长繁殖方式,探讨该属起源及其演化,根据新资料修订该属的属征,赞同将该属置Phacellophyllidae Wedekind科。     

论四射珊瑚征瑚属Charactophyllum Simpson,1990

对Ｃｈａｒａｃｔｏｐｈｙｌｌｕｍ作了全面的回顾整理,记述了本属的骨骼构造,在此基础上讨论了其定义范围和时空分布及有关的分类问题。Ｃｈａｒａｃｔｏｐｈｙｌｌｕｍ的隔壁为板状隔壁而非包珊瑚型隔壁,由波状弯曲的单列单晶榍组成,单晶榍整体呈半扇形排列,隔壁光滑或发育微弱的榍凸（ｃａｒｉｎａｅ）而无典型的横耙状榍凸（ｙａｒｄａｒｍ ｃａｒｉｎａｅ）,鳞板半扇形排列而不是扉形排列。本属分布仅限于北美和华北的晚     

Towards an understanding of the Sarcostemma viminale (Asclepiadaceae) complex

LIEDE, S. & MEVE, U., 1993. Towards an understanding of the Sarcostemma viminale (Asclepiadaceae) complex. All names in Sarcostemma sensu Bullock (Asclepiadaceae, Asclepiadeae, Cynanchinae) are listed and their current status evaluated. Chromosome numbers are given for most taxa. The typification of S. viminale is clarified. A new subspecies of S. viminale is described from the Orange Free State, South Africa, and relationships of the Namaqualand/Namibia populations are discussed.     

In vitro culture in combination with aeroponics is an efficient means of mass propagation of Sarcostemma acidum: a rare medicinal plant of Indian arid zone

In Vitro Cellular & Developmental Biology - Plant - In vitro culture in combination with aeroponics is observed to be an efficient means for mass propagation of Sarcostemma acidum in the...     

Deviating chromosome numbers in Asclepiadaceae

The most common base chromosome number in the Asclepiadaceae is x = 11. Deviating base chromosome numbers have been found in the genera Cynanchum, Microloma , and Sarcostemma . An account is also given of previously published deviating chromosome numbers in the Asclepiadaceae.     

A pregnane ester diglycoside from Sarcostemma brevistigma

A pregnane ester diglycoside, brevinine, has been isolated from the dried twigs of Sarcostemma brevistigma. Its chemical and spectroscopic data are consistent with the structure 11-O-benzoyl-sarcogenin-3-O-α-L-diginopyranosyl-(1 → 4)-α-L-diginopyranoside.     

Structure of tigmobiose

A new, nonreducing disaccharide, tigmobiose, has been isolated from the dried twigs of Sarcostemma brevistigma. On the basis of chemical and spectroscopic evidence, and identification of its sole hydrolysis product, its structure has been established as 2,6-dideoxy-β-d-ribo-hexopyranosyl 2,6-dideoxy-β-d-ribo-hexopyranoside (β-d- digitoxopyranosyl β-d-digitoxopyranoside).     

Nomenclatural changes resulting from the transfer of tropical African Sarcostemma to Cynanchum ( Apocynaceae : Asclepiadoideae )

Summary  Four species of tropical African Sarcostemma are transferred to Cynanchum together with two subspecies of S. viminale. In addition, Sarcostemma mulanjense is reduced to subspecific rank under C. viminale.     

Structure of brevobiose

A new disaccharide, brevobiose (1), has been isolated from the dried twigs of Sarcostemma brevistigma. The structure of 1 has been established as 4-O-(6-deoxy-2-O-methyl-β-d-allopyranosyl)-d-boivinose on the basis of chemical and spectroscopic evidence, and identification of its hydrolysis products.     

A new species of Sarcostemma (Apocynaceae-Asclepiadoideae-Asclepiadeae) from Yemen

Sarcostemma areysianum Bruyns is described from the southern mountains of Yemen. It appears to be most closely related to S. arabicum Bruyns & P. Forst. and S. socotranum Lavranos, differing from both by the taller gynostegium with narrow, mostly acute inner corona lobes. A key to the species from Arabia and Socotra is provided.     

A pregnane ester triglycoside from Sarcostemma brevistigma

A new pregnane ester glycoside, brevine, was isolated from the dried twigs of Sarcostemma brevistigma. Its chemical and spectroscopic properties were consistent with the structure 11-O-benzoyl-sarcogenin-3-O-α-L-diginopyranosyl (1 → 4)-O-α-L-diginopyranosyl(1 → 4)-O-α-L-diginopyranoside.