甘蓝型油菜BnTCP7基因的克隆和表达分析

该研究克隆获得了甘蓝型油菜预测转录因子TCP7-like同源编码基因,命名为BnTCP7,与甘蓝型油菜TCP7-like NC_027757基因的核苷酸序列相似性为95.68%。BnTCP7基因开放阅读框全长为648bp,编码215个氨基酸。BnTCP7氨基酸序列与十字花科(Brassicaceae)中其他19条TCP7或者TCP7-like氨基酸序列比对发现,BnTCP7与芸薹属和萝卜属等TCP7同源蛋白具有很强的相似性和保守性,尤其在靠近N端的TCP保守结构域,具有典型的螺旋-环-螺旋结构,且BnTCP7属于TCP家族Ⅰ类,为亲水性不稳定蛋白。通过BnTCP7和拟南芥(Arabidopsis thaliana)AtTCP7(NC_003076)蛋白的二级和三级结构在线预测比对分析,进一步证实BnTCP7具有TCP家族典型结构。进化树分析表明,BnTCP7蛋白与甘蓝型油菜TCP7-like NC_027757蛋白聚在同一分支,两者亲缘关系最近。利用转录组数据对不同时期不同器官BnTCP7基因表达模式分析发现,其表达量呈现一定差异性,其中营养器官中的表达量高于生殖器官。非生物胁迫及激素处理对甘蓝型油菜幼苗植株中BnTCP7基因的表达影响分析发现,BnTCP7基因不仅响应了冷、热、损伤等非生物胁迫,而且参与了ABA和GA3激素的信号转导,表明BnTCP7基因在植物维持正常生长发育和逆境胁迫中可能发挥重要作用。     

‘云香’水仙ACC合成酶基因NtACS1的克隆及遗传转化

为探究多花水仙ACS基因的序列特征及功能,以‘云香’水仙盛花期花瓣为试验材料,根据‘云香’水仙花朵转录组数据信息,通过RT-PCR方法克隆出1个ACS基因,命名为NtACS1(GenBank KX082936);NtACS1开放阅读框(ORF)长度为552bp,编码183个氨基酸。编码蛋白质分子量约为20.6KDa,理论等电点为6.30,不稳定系数为65.49,属于不稳定的疏水性蛋白。通过qRT-PCR对‘云香’水仙不同时期花瓣和副冠中的NtACS1基因进行了表达分析,得到与‘云香’水仙花朵转录组数据中相同的结果:NtACS1基因在‘云香’水仙花瓣和副冠中的表达都是随着花衰老过程呈现逐渐下降的趋势,且NtACS1基因在花瓣和副冠中的表达峰值都在花苞期,表明NtACS1基因编码的蛋白是在乙烯生物合成途径的系统1发挥催化作用的ACC合成酶。成功构建了NtACS1基因的正义植物表达载体,并通过农杆菌介导法获得8株转基因烟草,PCR和RT-PCR检测显示其中有6株为阳性植株,初步证实NtACS1基因已导入烟草基因组中且在烟草中已表达。该研究结果为进一步分析NtACS1基因的功能和后续转化水仙延长其花期研究奠定了基础。     

牡丹PsAGL6基因克隆与表达分析

该研究在转录组数据分析基础上,通过RT-PCR方法从牡丹(Paeonia suffruticosa.L)品种‘洛阳红’中克隆AGL6基因,并分析了其在不同组织和花型中的表达模式。结果显示:(1)AGL6开放阅读框长度732bp,编码244个氨基酸;结构域分析显示,该基因具有高度保守的MADS MEF2区、K区、AGL6I与AGL6II基序,归类于MADS-box基因家族,命名为PsAGL6,GenBank登录号为MF563611。(2)同源比对分析显示,牡丹PsAGL6与葡萄VvAGL6氨基酸序列相似度最高,达79%。(3)qRT-PCR分析结果显示,PsAGL6在牡丹各器官中均有表达,但营养器官中表达量较低,花器官中表达量较高,其中以萼片最高,花瓣与雌蕊次之;对4种牡丹花型花瓣的表达分析显示,PsAGL6基因在不同花型花瓣中的表达量差异明显,且蔷薇型牡丹花瓣相对表达量最高。研究表明,AGL6基因参与牡丹花器官的形成,为深入研究花器官发育的分子机制提供了帮助。     

水芹肉桂醇脱氢酶基因的克隆与表达特性分析

以‘八卦洲水芹’及其紫色叶柄突变型水芹‘南选八卦洲紫水芹’为实验材料,利用RT-PCR方法从‘南选八卦洲紫水芹’中克隆得到水芹肉桂醇脱氢酶(CAD)基因,命名为OjCAD。OjCAD基因开放阅读框长为1 074bp,编码357个氨基酸。OjCAD蛋白相对分子质量为39 143.10,理论等电点为6.91,属于MDR家族。系统进化分析显示,水芹OjCAD与同属伞形科的胡萝卜CAD进化关系最近,具有高度保守性。OjCAD编码的蛋白属于疏水蛋白,空间结构主要由7个α-螺旋和17个β-折叠组成。实时定量PCR分析显示,OjCAD基因在紫色和非紫色水芹的叶片和叶柄中相对表达量存在差异,水芹OjCAD基因在叶片中的表达量显著高于叶柄,在‘八卦洲水芹’中的表达量高于‘南选八卦洲紫水芹’。该研究结果为进一步分析水芹木质素生物合成奠定了基础。     

日本晚樱PrseSHP基因的克隆与功能分析

采用同源克隆方法结合RACE技术,从日本晚樱(Prunus lannesiana)品种‘大岛樱’中克隆到花发育调控相关的PrseSHP基因(GenBank登录号为GU362645)。PrseSHP基因序列全长1 223bp,包含1个长741bp的完整开放阅读框,编码246个氨基酸和1个终止密码子。分子系统发生分析表明,PrseSHP属MADS-box转录因子的PLE/SHP进化系,并与蔷薇科植物的SHP同源蛋白聚于同一进化分支;蛋白序列比对显示,该转录因子拥有M、I、K和C共4个结构域,且其C末端结构域中包含高度保守的AGⅠ和Ⅱ基序。基因表达分析表明,PrseSHP基因主要在‘大岛樱’的花瓣、雄蕊、雌蕊和幼果等器官中表达,在花萼中仅能检测到微弱的转录信号,在幼叶中不表达,与其他植物SHP同源基因的表达模式有一定的差别。功能分析显示,转PrseSHP基因拟南芥植株明显比野生型拟南芥弱小,转基因拟南芥在6~8片莲座叶后即抽薹开花,时间较野生型拟南芥(14~17片莲座叶后抽薹开花)明显提前,证明异位表达的PrseSHP基因能促进拟南芥早花,其在花发育过程中可能参与调控植物开花。     

黑粒青稞HvtUF3GT基因的克隆与表达分析

该研究以黑粒青稞品种‘黑老鸦’籽粒为材料,克隆了青稞类黄酮3-O-葡萄糖基转移酶基因(HvtUF3GT),获得1 449 bp序列。HvtUF3GT基因包含一个1 434 bp开放阅读框,编码478个氨基酸,理论等电点为5.45,预测蛋白分子量为52 912.58 Da。蛋白质序列分析表明,HvtUF3GT为亲水性的不稳定酸性蛋白,且在C-末端具有一段典型的44个氨基酸PSPG box,在空间结构中含有β-α-β-α-βRossmann折叠结构,属于UDP糖基转移酶基因GT-B型超家族成员。进化树分析表明,HvtUF3GT与小麦族的大麦、乌拉尔图小麦、山羊草和二穗短柄草的糖基转移酶聚为一个分支,且与大麦的亲缘关系最近,与稻族的籼稻和短花稻的亲缘关系较远。半定量和定量PCR结果表明,在‘INB0N-7’蓝粒青稞和‘昆仑12号’白粒青稞的籽粒灌浆后期HvtUF3GT基因不表达,而在黑粒青稞和紫粒青稞中的表达强弱依次为‘黑老鸦’(黑粒)‘昆仑17号’(黑粒)‘达章紫’(紫粒)‘涅如姆扎’(紫粒)。研究推测,HvtUF3GT基因在青稞灌浆后期籽粒着色过程中发挥着重要作用。     

枸杞花药发育基因LbMS2的克隆及表达分析

MS2(Male sterily2)类基因编码脂肪酰基还原酶,参与了花药绒毡层中脂类代谢过程。该研究以宁夏枸杞(‘宁杞1号’)为试验材料,采用RACE方法从枸杞花药cDNA中获得枸杞LbMS2基因。结果显示,LbMS2基因开放阅读框为1 782bp,编码593个氨基酸,等电点为8.98;生物信息学分析显示,LbMS2蛋白定位于叶绿体;LbMS2蛋白序列与茄科植物矮牵牛、茸毛烟草、马铃薯、番茄以及甜辣椒中的MS2蛋白表现出较高的序列相似性;实时荧光定量PCR结果显示,LbMS2基因具有器官表达特异性,只在枸杞花器官中表达,并且在枸杞花药发育的四分体时期以及单核花粉时期表达量最高。研究表明,LbMS2基因是枸杞花器官发育过程中的重要基因。     

文心兰不育花粉粒形态观察及相关基因克隆与表达分析

该研究以文心兰品种‘柠檬绿’（雄性不育）和‘巧克力’（可育）为试验材料,对花粉团和花粉粒的形态进行观察,并在转录组数据分析的基础上,利用RT PCR技术从‘柠檬绿’中克隆了1个MYB转录因子基因（OnMYB106）,用qRT PCR技术分析该基因的相对表达量,以初步鉴定‘柠檬绿’花粉败育特征,揭示花粉败育与OnMYB106基因的调控关系。结果显示：（1）‘柠檬绿’花粉团药室明显变扁,外壁凹陷、皱缩。（2）‘柠檬绿’花粉细胞内含物缺失,细胞质空泡化严重,花粉粒形态异常,花粉壁发育不连续,有许多孔洞（并非萌发孔）。（3）成功克隆获得‘柠檬绿’MYB106的基因序列,命名为OnMYB106,其开放阅读框为819 bp,编码272个氨基酸;其基因组序列与cDNA比对显示,OnMYB106基因含有3个外显子和2个内含子。（4）生物信息学分析表明,OnMYB106属于SANT 超家族,具有2个连续的MYB DNA binding结构域,是一个典型的R2R3 MYB转录因子;进化树分析表明,OnMYB106与高粱、水稻和二穗短柄草的MYB106蛋白序列的一致性最高,进化距离最近。（5）qRT PCR分析显示,OnMYB106在‘柠檬绿’花粉团中下调表达;该基因在‘柠檬绿’不同组织器官中均有表达,但在花中表达量最高,假鳞茎中表达量最低;在不同花期中,花苞期表达量最高,盛开期只有微量表达。研究认为,‘柠檬绿’花粉壁发育异常可能导致其花粉败育;OnMYB106基因可能在‘柠檬绿’花器官的生长发育中起重要的调控作用,并且该基因可能属于花粉发育“早期”表达基因,主要影响‘柠檬绿’花粉壁的的形成。     

北美鹅掌楸CPP转录因子家族LtTCX2基因的克隆与分析

CPP(cystein-richpolycomb-likeproteinor Tesmin/TOS1-like)家族属于成员数目较少的一类转录因子基因家族,含有保守的富含Cystein的CRC结构域,在植物发育进程中,主要参与花发育、细胞分裂、分子进化等。为了探索CPP转录因子家族在北美鹅掌楸花发育中的作用,该文以北美鹅掌楸(Liriodendron tulipifera)为材料,采用RACE技术克隆出1个CPP-like家族基因,命名为LtTCX2,全长2 866 bp。通过NCBI网站在线分析,ORF长2 424 bp,编码了807个氨基酸,含2个保守的TSO1-like CXC结构域,分子量为88 699.25 Da,理论等电点为5.83,不稳定系数为62.38,疏水性平均值为-0.619,预测为亲水性蛋白、非跨膜蛋白、核蛋白,不含信号肽及切割位点。氨基酸比对及系统进化分析结果显示,LtTCX2与其他物种的CPP家族TCX蛋白具有较高的同源性,与亚洲莲(Nelumbo nucifera)的NnTCX2、胡杨(Populus euphratica)的PeTCX2进化关系最近。荧光定量PCR结果显示,LtTCX2基因在叶片中表达量最高,在萼片、花瓣中几乎不表达,表达量由高至低如下:叶片、花芽、雌蕊、雄蕊、茎、根、花瓣、萼片。以上结果说明,LtTCX2属于较古老、保守的一类基因,可为从分子生物学层面研究鹅掌楸属植物系统进化提供一定的理论依据。     

橡胶树DELLA蛋白编码基因HbGAI的克隆与表达分析

该研究采用RT-PCR与RACE技术,从橡胶树‘热研7-33-97’胶乳中克隆了1个DELLA蛋白编码基因HbGAI(GenBank登录号为KT696439)。HbGAI全长cDNA序列2 050bp,包含1个长1 842bp的完整开放阅读框。序列分析显示,HbGAI基因编码613个氨基酸,其推导的蛋白含有DELLA和GRAS结构域,分子量为66.476kD,理论等电点为5.19,无跨膜结构域,属于亲水性蛋白。进化树分析表明,HbGAI蛋白与其他植物中DELLA蛋白具有较高的相似性,与麻疯树JcGAI和蓖麻RcGAI亲缘关系较近。荧光定量PCR结果显示,割胶和茉莉酸甲酯处理下调胶乳中HbGAI基因的表达,乙烯利处理4h内显著上调胶乳中HbGAI基因的表达,表明HbGAI基因可能在橡胶树割胶、茉莉酸、乙烯响应中发挥作用。     

Effects of MULTIFOLIATE-PINNA, AFILA, TENDRIL-LESS and UNIFOLIATA genes on leafblade architecture in Pisum sativum

In order to dissect the genetic regulation of leafblade morphogenesis, 16 genotypes of pea, constructed by combining the wild-type and mutant alleles of MFP, AF, TL and UNI genes, were quantitatively phenotyped. The morphological features of the three domains of leafblades of four genotypes, unknown earlier, were described. All the genotypes were found to differ in leafblade morphology. It was evident that MFP and TL functions acted as repressor of pinna ramification, in the distal domain. These functions, with and without interaction with UNI, also repressed the ramification of proximal pinnae in the absence of AF function. The expression of MFP and TL required UNI function. AF function was found to control leafblade architecture multifariously. The earlier identified role of AF as a repressor of UNI in the proximal domain was confirmed. Negative control of AF on the UNI-dependent pinna ramification in the distal domain was revealed. It was found that AF establishes a boundary between proximal and distal domains and activates formation of leaflet pinnae in the proximal domain.     

Presence of Rhizobium Etli bv . Phaseoli and Rhizobium Gallicum bv . Gallicum in Egyptian Soils

Seven bean rhizobial strains EBRI 2, 3, 21, 24, 26, 27 and 29 identified as Rhizobium etli, and EBRI 32 identified as Rhizobium gallicum, isolated from Egyptian soils and which nodulated Phaseolus vulgaris efficiently, were subjected to hybridization with a nifH probe in order to estimate the copy number of this gene. Seven strains (EBRI 2, 3, 21, 24, 26, 27 and 29) which were only able to nodulate Phaseolus vulgaris, contained three copies of the nifH gene, consistent with their identification as Rhizobium etli bv. phaseoli. Only one strain (EBRI 32) which nodulated both Phaseolus vulgaris and Leucaena leucocephala, had one copy of nifH gene. This confirmed the classification of this strain as Rhizobium gallicum bv. gallicum.     

Characterisation of cell wall polysaccharides, arabinogalactans-proteins (AGPs) and phenolics of Cola nitida, Cola acuminata and Garcinia kola seeds

Many Cola plant species are endemic to West and Central Africa. Cola acuminata and Cola nitida are used as masticatory when fresh, while the dried nuts are used for beverages and pharmaceutical purposes in Europe and North America. Garcinia kola seeds, that serve as a substitute for the true kola nuts, are used in African traditional medicine for the treatment of various diseases, including colic, headache and liver cirrhosis. Seeds extracts of G. kola are also known for their anti-inflammatory, antimicrobial and antiviral properties. To gain information on the chemical properties of the kolas, we have isolated and analyzed cell wall polysaccharides, arabinogalactan-proteins and phenolic substances from the seeds of the three kola species. The sugar composition of cell wall material of C. acuminata, C. nitida and G. kola revealed that Gal (up to 30%), Ara, GalA and Glc as the predominant monosaccharides, representing approximately 90% by mol of the total hydrolysable sugar present in this material. In Ammonium oxalate cell wall fraction, GalA was found to be the major sugar present in all kola species. In the alkali-soluble fraction, there were significant differences in the level of Glc and Gal. The level of Glc was high in C. acuminata and C. nitida while the level of Gal and Xyl were high in C. nitida and G. cola. Isolation and quantification of arabinogalactan-proteins demonstrate that G. kola seeds contained four to eight times more of these proteoglycans than the seeds of the other two species. Finally, analysis of soluble phenolic substances shows that caffeine and catechin were largely represented in C. acumina and C. nitida seeds, with caffeine accounting for 50% of all soluble phenolics. These findings indicate that the three Kola seeds are highly enriched in pectins and proteoglycans and that C. acuminata and C. nitida can be used as a possible source of caffeine and catechin.     

Genome Analysis inNeurospora crassa;Cloning of Four Lociarginine-1(arg-1),methionine-6(met-6),unknown-7(un-7), andribosome production-1(rip-1) and Associated Chromosome Walking

We have cloned fourNeurospora crassagenes by complementation analysis. Cloned genes include thearginine-1(arg-1),methionine-6(met-6),unknown-7(un-7), andribosome production-1(rip-1) loci. Chromosome walks were initiated in ordered cosmid libraries from the cloned loci. A total of about 700 kb of theNeurosporagenome is covered in these walks.     

The phylogenetic placement of Ostropales within Lecanoromycetes (Ascomycota) revisited

Results of molecular studies regarding the phylogenetic placement of the order Ostropales and related taxa within Lecanoromycetes were thus far inconclusive. Some analyses placed the order as sister to the rest of Lecanoromycetes, while others inferred a position nested within Lecanoromycetes. We assembled a data set of 101 species including sequences from nuLSU rDNA, mtSSU rDNA, and the nuclear protein-coding RPB1 for each species to examine the cause of incongruencies in previously published phylogenies. MP, minimum evolution, and Bayesian analyses were performed using the combined three-region data set and the single-gene data sets. The position of Ostropales nested in Lecanoromycetes is confirmed in all single-gene and concatenated analyses, and a placement as sister to the rest of Lecanoromycetes is significantly rejected using two independent methods of alternative topology testing. Acarosporales and related taxa (Acarosporaceae group) are basal in Lecanoromycetes. However, if the these basal taxa are excluded from the analyses, Ostropales appear to be sister to the rest of Lecanoromycetes, suggesting different ingroup rooting as the cause for deviating topologies in previously published phylogenies.     

Nomenclatural changes resulting from the transfer of tropical African Sarcostemma to Cynanchum ( Apocynaceae : Asclepiadoideae )

Summary  Four species of tropical African Sarcostemma are transferred to Cynanchum together with two subspecies of S. viminale. In addition, Sarcostemma mulanjense is reduced to subspecific rank under C. viminale.     

转Cry1Ac/1Ab基因棉花对异色瓢虫生长发育及其捕食功能的影响

【目的】为探究转Cry1Ac/1Ab基因棉花对异色瓢虫生长发育及其捕食功能的影响。【方法】以转Cry1Ac/1Ab基因棉与其亲本常规棉为实验材料,利用取食不同棉花品种叶片的棉铃虫饲喂异色瓢虫幼虫。【结果】与常规亲本棉相比,取食饲喂转基因棉花叶片的初孵棉铃虫幼虫的异色瓢虫幼虫从1龄发育至化蛹期时间延长0.77 d,但差异不显著;除1龄幼虫体重增加(0.0773 mg)外,其余各龄期幼虫体重均有所下降,但差异均不显著;异色瓢虫1、2、3、4龄幼虫对初孵棉铃虫捕食量均随棉铃虫密度的增加而增加,捕食功能反应均符合HollingⅡ圆盘方程。【结论】转Cry1Ac/1Ab基因棉花对异色瓢虫生长发育无显著影响,饲喂取食转Cry1Ac/1Ab基因棉花的棉铃虫对异色瓢虫捕食功能无显著差异。     

Prosthecium species with Stegonsporium anamorphs on Acer

Data from microscopic morphology, single-spore cultures, and DNA analyses of teleomorphs and anamorphs support the recognition of five species of Prosthecium with Stegonsporium anamorphs on Acer: P. acerinum sp. nov., the teleomorph of S. acerinum; P. acerophilum comb. nov., formerly known as Dictyoporthe acerophila; P. galeatum comb. nov., originally described as Massaria galeata; P. opalus sp. nov.; and P. pyriforme sp. nov., the teleomorph of S. pyriforme s. str. The morphology of both type specimens and freshly collected material was investigated. The teleomorphs have brown ellipsoidal ascospores with five distosepta and often a longitudinal distoseptum. The anamorphs of all species described here belong to Stegonsporium; their connection to the Prosthecium teleomorphs was demonstrated by morphology and DNA sequences of single spore cultures derived from both ascospores and conidia. The anamorphs and teleomorphs of all five Prosthecium species are described and illustrated by LM images, and a key to these species is provided. As perceived from this work, S. pyriforme is restricted to Europe and does not occur in North America, whereas S. acerinum is restricted to North America, not found in Europe. The host associations given in the literature are revised and evidence is provided that only A. opalus, A. pseudoplatanus, and A. saccharum are confirmed hosts of Prosthecium with Stegonsporium anamorphs. Molecular phylogenetic analyses of tef1, ITS rDNA, and partial nuLSU rDNA sequences confirm that the species with Stegonsporium anamorphs are closely related to P. ellipsosporum, the generic type species. Stilbospora macrosperma is confirmed as the anamorph of P. ellipsosporum by DNA data of single spore isolates obtained from both ascospores and conidia.     

中国黑粉菌属和利罗黑粉菌属

黑粉菌属是Roussel 1806年建立的,全世界记载有三百余种,主要寄生于禾本科,是经济作物及牧草的重要致病菌·长期以来,对黑粉菌的邢子使用过各种名称,如厚垣孢子,冬孢子及黑粉孢子等.本文采用黑粉孢子以区别锈菌的冬孢子. 芳’(1979)在《中国真菌总汇》中列出黑粉菌属五十种及一个变型.作者经过显微结构和超显微结构的研究,承认其中二十九种为正确名称,八种及一变型为异名,顶黑粉菌(Ustilago acrearus Berk.)由于错拼而被废弃.埃地黑粉菌(Ustilago emodensis Berk.)被转移至利罗粉菌属(Liroa).另有十一种黑粉菌因缺少标本留待今后订正.自1979年以后,杨信东(1983)增加黑粉菌属二种我国新纪录,K.范基和郭林(1986)描述一新种,四种新纪录.在本文中,作者描述一新种:鸢尾蒜黑粉(Ustilago ixiolirii Guo L) ,孢子堆生在蒴果内,不开裂,黑色,粉末状.黑粉孢子球形,近球形,稀椭圆形, 12.5-21×10-21μm,黑褐色,壁厚1-1.Sμm,纹饰脑状.是迄今生在石蒜科植物上唯一黑粉菌的种,其它几种黑粉菌均属条黑粉菌属.本文增加七种我国新纪录.共计四十九种,寄生于六科四十四属植物,主要是禾本科和蓼科.这仅是黑粉菌属研究的初步报告,在全国范围内大量采集黑粉菌标本后,作者相信会有更多新种和我国新纪录被发现.利罗黑粉菌属(Liroa)是从黑粉菌属(Ustaligo)分出的,此属为单种属.