刺五加化学成分及药理学研究进展

对国内外刺五加的相关文献资料进行了系统的整理,综述了刺五加的化学成分、药理作用等方面的研究进展,为刺五加进一步的研究和开发提供了较为详尽的资料参考。     

猛犸雪原

正我对东北的了解和向往,最早来自上世纪70年代初期读过的描写北大荒知青生活的小说《征途》。我最感兴趣的是书中描述的东北的自然风光和动物植物:"遮天蔽日的红松林,尽管被大雪覆盖,但远远望去,依然是郁郁苍苍。朔风吹过,发出万马奔腾的松涛声。那一望无际的桦树林,好像千百株银枝玉树,俊秀挺拔地屹立在冰天雪地中";"咱这疙瘩呀,是‘棒打獐子瓢舀鱼,雉鸡飞到饭锅里’。汽车在公路上撞死几个挡道的狍子,跟你们南方碾死一条蛇一样不稀     

土壤生物多样性对植物利用营养物质和水分的影响

土壤生物多样性影响土壤营养物质和水等自然资源的有效利用是农业生态系统的重要功能.有证据表明土壤微生物多样性可提高土壤营养物质和水的利用率.土壤动物对土壤营养物质和水的有效利用也产生了明显的影响,它主要是通过促进营养物质的转化和改善土壤水渗透率而间接实现的.从已有文献的报道来看,单从某一个方面来研究土壤生物多样性对土壤营养物质和水的有效利用的影响并不能全面地反应它们之间相互作用的规律.因此未来的研究应当把土壤生物多样性、土壤营养物质和水的供给与植物生物多样性、植物营养物质和水的利用率结合起来,这样才有可能从理论上对土壤生物多样性与营养物质和水的利用之间的关系有更加深刻的认识并运用到实践中.     

铲尖上的水洞沟——九零后女生考古日记

六七月间,从太平洋而来的湿润季风并没有深入到位于银川东部19公里的水洞沟.骄阳烈烈,黄沙阵阵,沟壑纵横,支离破碎是对这片地处半干旱半沙漠地带的旧石器时代遗址并不夸张的写照. 然而,看似贫瘠的地方却往往驻扎最旺盛的生命力.就在那广袤灰黄荒原的一角,手铲簌簌落地的声音已经持续了一个月.那是一支融合着新面孔的考古队伍,怀揣着疑问从千里之外赶来.沙质的黄土随着铲尖的一起一落被层层剥开,沉睡在地层中的史前文明也逐渐显露出来.     

基因治疗及其研究

基因治疗是近20年来随着现代分子生物学技术的发展而诞生的新的生物医学治疗技术.利用该技术可将人的正常基因或有治疗作用的基因通过一定方式导入人体靶细胞以纠正基因缺陷或者发挥治疗作用,从而达到治疗疾病的目的.从基因治疗不同于常规治疗入手,结合国内外的研究进展,概述了基因治疗的概念、现状、存在的问题及其未来的发展前景.     

生物技术领域中的可专利主题

生物技术产业是一个高投资、高风险的产业,在各种筹集资金、规避风险的方案中,申请专利成为各国科研工作者和企业家的首选.要成功的获得专利权,首先要了解哪些主题是能够得到专利保护的.各个国家和地区对专利授权的标准不尽相同,通过分析原因和举例说明的方式详细阐述了我国对生物技术领域不予授权的主题.只有不属于这些不可授权主题的发明创造,才有可能成功地获得专利授权.     

SCID及其基因疗法

SCID是一种罕见的先天性免疫缺陷疾病,以严重的T细胞和B细胞功能缺陷为特征.患者自身不具备免疫系统,只能在完全无菌的条件下生存,因此又称.气泡儿童".基因疗法研究的兴起和深入,给SCID的治疗提供了一条新的途径.该文综述了SCID及其基因疗法的研究进展,并对基因疗法的应用前景进行展望.     

Survivin的研究现状与RNA干扰在基因治疗中的进展

Survivin是新近发现的凋亡抑制蛋白,在正常组织中不表达而在恶性肿瘤中高表达,与肿瘤的预后、复发、转移关系密切,具有调控细胞周期,凋亡和增殖的作用;还与对化疗的耐药性和放疗的敏感性有关;此外,与肿瘤新生血管的形成关系也十分密切.针对Survivin这些特性,应用新的基因治疗技术-RNA干扰技术降低Survivin的表达可对肿瘤组织的凋亡和增殖产生影响,由于RNA干扰技术具有的高效性,特异性,长效性,使它成为肿瘤基因治疗的重要方法,应用RNA干扰技术针对Survivin靶位降低Survivin的表达有望成为今后肿瘤基因治疗的方向.     

蜜蜂的社会生活

简要介绍了蜜蜂的社会生活,包括整个蜂群的生活周期和工蜂的生活周期.蜂群在冬季进入半休眠状态,春季是大量培育新蜂的季节,当蜂群发展得太大时就会开始分群,分群前的准备是培育新蜂后和雄蜂.蜂后和工蜂的分化完全是由营养条件决定的,而雄蜂是在特设的大巢室中由来受精卵发育成的.工蜂随着年龄的增长而陆续从事不同的工作,先内勤后外勤,其顺序从清洁巢室、喂幼喂蜂后、用蜂蜡建巢室、保卫蜂群和外出采食.工蜂从事采食9～21 d后大都会死于去采食的路上或归巢途中.     

细胞骨架纤维间的相互联系

细胞骨架是由微丝、微管及中间纤维组成的蛋白质纤维网络体系.三种骨架纤维具有不同的形态、结构和功能特征,它们在细胞中彼此联系、互相依赖,共同构成完整的细胞骨架系统,在细胞的各项生命活动中起着重要的作用.认识与研究细胞骨架的这三种纤维之间存在的相互联系,揭示它们作用的分子机制,对全面、科学的认识细胞骨架系统在细胞中起所的作用以及对于科学研究都有着重要的意义.     

Curcuminoids as inhibitors of thioredoxin reductase: A receptor based pharmacophore study with distance mapping of the active site

Curcumin is the yellow pigment of turmeric that interacts irreversibly forming an adduct with thioredoxin reductase (TrxR), an enzyme responsible for redox control of cell and defence against oxidative stress. Docking at both the active sites of TrxR was performed to compare the potency of three naturally occurring curcuminoids, namely curcumin, demethoxy curcumin and bis-demethoxy curcumin. Results show that active sites of TrxR occur at the junction of E and F chains. Volume and area of both cavities is predicted. It has been concluded by distance mapping of the most active conformations that Se atom of catalytic residue SeCYS498, is at a distance of 3.56 from C13 of demethoxy curcumin at the E chain active site, whereas C13 carbon atom forms adduct with Se atom of SeCys 498. We report that at least one methoxy group in curcuminoids is necessary for interation with catalytic residues of thioredoxin. Pharmacophore of both active sites of the TrxR receptor for curcumin and demethoxy curcumin molecules has been drawn and proposed for design and synthesis of most probable potent antiproliferative synthetic drugs.     

A Unique Protease Cleavage Site Predicted in the Spike Protein of the Novel Pneumonia Coronavirus (2019-nCoV) Potentially Related to Viral Transmissibility

正Dear Editor,In December 2019, a novel human coronavirus caused an epidemic of severe pneumonia(Coronavirus Disease 2019,COVID-19) in Wuhan, Hubei, China(Wu et al. 2020; Zhu et al. 2020). So far, this virus has spread to all areas of China and even to other countries. The epidemic has caused 67,102 confirmed infections with 1526 fatal cases     

Comparative morphology of the carpel in the Liliaceae: Hewardieae, Petrosavieae, and Tricyrteae

The young pistils in the melanthioid tribes, Hewardieae, Petrosavieae and Tricyrteae, are uniformly tricarpellate and syncarpous. They lack raphide idioblasts. All are multiovulate, with bitegmic ovules. The Petrosavieae are marked by the presence of septal glands and incomplete syncarpy. Tepals and stamens adhere to the ovary in the Hewardieae and the Petrosavieae but not in the Tricyrteae. Two vascular bundles occur in the stamens of the Hewartlieae and Tricyrtis latifolia. Ventral bundles in the upper part of the ovary of the Hewardieae are continuous with compound septal bundles and placental bundles in the lower part. Putative ventral bundles occur in the alternate position in the Tricyrteae and putative placental bundles in the opposite. position in the Petrosavieae. The dichtomously branched stigma in each carpel of the Tricyrteae is supplied by a bifurcated dorsal bundle.     

Entwicklungsgeschichte und Ultrastruktur von Pollenkitt und Exine bei nahe verwandten entomophilen und anemophilen Angiospermensippen derAlismataceae,Liliaceae, Juncaceae,Cyperaceae, Poaceae undAraceae

Some closely related members of the monocotyledonous familiesAlismataceae, Liliaceae, Juncaceae, Cyperaceae, Poaceae andAraceae with variable modes of pollination (insect- and wind-pollination) were studied in relation to the ultrastructure of pollenkitt and exine (amount, consistency and distribution of pollenkitt on the surface of pollen grains). The character syndromes of pollen cementing in entomophilous, anemophilous and intermediate (ambophilous or amphiphilous) monocotyledons are the same in principal as in dicotyledons. Comparing present with former results one can summarize: 1) The pollenkitt is always produced in the same manner by the anther tapetum in all angiosperm sub-classes. 2) The variable stickiness of entomophilous and anemophilous pollen always depends on the particular distribution and consistency of the pollenkitt, but not its amount on the pollen surface. 3) The mostly dry and powdery pollen of anemophilous plants always contains a variable amount of inactive pollenkitt in its exine cavities. 4) A step-by step change of the pollen cementing syndrome can be observed from entomophily towards anemophily. 5) From the omnipresence of pollenkitt in all wind-pollinated angiosperms studied one can conclude that the ancestors of anemophilous angiosperms probably have been zoophilous (i.e. entomophilous) throughout.

     

Identification and Characterization of the First Equine Parainfluenza Virus 5

正Dear Editor,Parainfluenza virus 5 (PIV5), known as canine parainfluenza virus in the veterinary field, is a negative-sense,nonsegmented, single-stranded RNA virus belonging to the Paramyxoviridae family (Chen 2018). The virus was first reported in primary monkey kidney cells in 1954 (Hsiung1972), then it has been frequently discovered in various