实验兔脚皮炎与相对湿度的相关性及对热原筛选实验的影响分析

目的分析实验兔脚皮炎发病率与相对湿度的相关性及脚皮炎实验兔对热原筛选实验合格率的影响。方法将2006、2007年实验室相对湿度记录、实验兔脚皮炎记录及热原筛选实验记录进行汇总统计,并对数据进行生物学分析。结果实验室相对湿度超过70％时,可导致实验兔脚皮炎发病率的升高,二者存在显著相关性（P〈0．01）;有脚皮炎的实验兔可降低筛选实验的合格率,二者存在显著相关性（P〈0．01）;实验兔基础体温的高低,对筛选合格率有显著影响（P〈0．0001）。结论实验兔的脚皮炎发病率与环境相对湿度有显著的正相关性,当实验室相对湿度超过实验兔适宜湿度范围时,可导致其脚皮炎的发病率上升;有脚皮炎的实验兔与无脚皮炎的实验免相比,可显著降低热原筛选实验的合格率。     

温度和湿度对蟾蜍生理功能的影响

蟾蜍随机分为室温干燥、室温保湿、低温保湿和低温冬眠组,观察禁食蟾蜍在不同温度和湿度条件下的生存时间、体重变化、心脏活动、腓肠肌收缩功能和坐骨神经干动作电位,探寻能够延长禁食蟾蜍生存时间和机体生理功能维持时间的途径。结果显示,室温干燥组蟾蜍体重自实验第1 d起显著性下降(P<0.01),其它组无显著性变化。室温干燥、室温保湿、低温保湿和低温冬眠组蟾蜍的累计死亡率分别为100%(第6 d)、45.83%(第26 d)、16.67%(第36 d)、0%。除室温保湿组蟾蜍的心脏舒缩幅度自实验第20 d起下降之外(P<0.05),其它组的心肌舒缩幅度和心率无显著性变化。室温干燥组蟾蜍的腓肠肌收缩幅度自实验第1 d开始下降,第4 d起有显著性差异(P<0.05),低温保湿组在第27 d也显著性下降(P<0.05),其他组未发生显著性变化。各组蟾蜍坐骨神经干动作电位未发生显著性改变。充足的湿度和适当降温,尤其保持冬眠,能够延长禁食蟾蜍的生存时间和机体生理功能维持时间。     

温湿度对中华通草蛉越冬成虫存活的影响

室内研究了不同温湿度对中华通草蛉 (Chrysoperla sinica)越冬成虫存活的影响。试验采用因子二次正交旋转组合设计的要求安排 ,研究了越冬成虫在不同的温度组合条件下储存不同时间后的存活率 ,并得到了在不同时间后 ,成虫存活率与温湿度间的二次回归模型。结果表明 ,在试验条件下 ,越冬成虫存活的最佳条件组合是温度为 5℃和相对湿度为 75 % ,此条件下储存90 d的越冬成虫存活率达 85 %以上 ;温度对成虫存活率的影响最大 ,湿度次之 ,温湿度的交互作用最不重要。利用温湿度与存活率之间的回归方程 ,分析并得出了适宜于越冬中华通草蛉成虫存活的条件为温度 5～ 9℃ ,相对湿度 70 %～ 85 % ,温度和湿度过高或过低均不利于成虫的存活     

基于常压室温等离子体技术的金藻诱变筛选方法

以高生长速率或高油脂含量藻株为目标,以湛江等鞭金藻为例,报道了一种基于常压室温等离子体技术的微藻诱变及快速分级筛选方法。即以叶绿素荧光动力学参数F_v/F_m大于0.68的金藻为出发藻株、以致死率90%为阈值确定最适诱变电流为1.4~1.5A,诱变时间为24~30s。分别在室温常光及胁迫条件(高温常光和高光室温)下,按照孔板至摇瓶至反应器三级培养进行筛选。在孔板培养过程中以比生长速度结合尼罗红荧光强度变化实现高通量初筛,最终在反应器培养中进行提取验证,并以候选藻株为出发进行二次诱变筛选。结果表明,室温常光条件诱变株筛出率为0.7%,胁迫条件筛出率为0.9%;一次诱变诱变株筛出率为0.6%,二次诱变筛出率为1.2%;二次诱变和胁迫条件筛出率更高,更易得到性状变化的诱变株。     

微量元素组合使用对安哥拉成年兔体重和绒毛增长的影响

作者于1959年曾探討过微量元素的鈷、鋅、銅单独加喂对安哥拉幼兔生长的影响;曾証明:在定量飼喂上述三种元素的条件下,无論对兔体体重增长、絨毛生长速度,都有較为显著的影响,且以鈷、鋅二种元素的效果較好。同时,江永成等也进行了鈷、錳、硼三元素对安哥拉幼兔生长的影响,其結果表明:在定量飼喂三元素的条件下,兔的体重和絨毛产量也有較为显著的     

铜负荷饲养兔肝、肾组织含铜量和组织病理学观察

探讨了新西兰兔在不同剂量铜负荷饮食时肝、肾组织含铜量和组织病理的改变。30只新西兰兔分为5组,对照组(第1组)给与正常饲料,每天每公斤体重120g,铜负荷组(第2、3、4、5组)给予含铜的饲料,铜剂量分别为每天每公斤体重01、1、10、20mg,其余饲料用正常饲料补足。每周测体重1次,每10d抽空腹静脉血1次查血清谷丙转氨酶(ALT)及血清铜,每半个月肝穿刺肝组织查铜一次,并做肝组织HE染色光镜下检查。实验结束时,耳静脉注射空气处死动物,取肝、肾组织块作病理检查及组织铜离子含量测定。5个月饲养期内,实验组血清ALT及血清铜离子含量与对照组相比差异无显著性,但组织中的铜离子含量随饲料含铜量的增加而增加。实验组肝组织铜离子含量与对照组相比差异有显著性(P<005),其中最大剂量组与对照组相比差异有极显著性(P<0001)。肾组织铜离子含量中,第4、5组与对照组相比差异有显著性(P<005)。病理检查中,第2、3组肝脏病理改变轻微,第4、5组有较明显的坏死病变。作者认为新西兰兔对铜的耐受性较好,较大剂量、较长时间服用有较好的安全性,可用于铜实验动物模型的建立,但进食剂量过大(含铜20mgkg体重·d以上),短期内可引起严重的肝肾器官病变。     

26例新西兰白兔正常骨髓像观察

检测了第四军医大学实验动物中心提供的 2 6只成年健康新西兰白兔的骨髓像 ,对国内不同品种兔骨髓像资料加以补充和丰富。1　材料和方法　按照施新猷所著医学动物实验方法中健康兔的判断标准 ,取 2 6只健康新西兰白兔 ,年龄 8～ 18个月 ,体重1 85～ 3 4 5ｋｇ。常规 3 %戊巴比妥钠 ( 3 0ｍｇ ｋｇ)腹腔内麻醉 ,剪去术区毛发 ,无菌条件下在每只兔左侧胫骨前内侧骨面距胫骨平台 (即胫骨近侧关节面 ) 0 8～ 1 5ｃｍ范围内用骨穿针穿刺抽取 0 2～ 0 4ｍｌ不抗凝骨髓 ,立即涂片 3张做瑞氏染色 ,油镜下计数 5 0 0个有核细胞 ,并鉴定细胞种类及…     

亚高温下不同空气湿度对番茄光合作用和物质积累的影响

为了研究亚高温下不同空气湿度对番茄植株光合作用及物质积累的影响,本试验利用人工气候室,在11:00—15:00平均温度为33℃的亚高温条件下,设置3个空气相对湿度处理,分别为70%～80%(高湿)、50%～60%(中湿)和不加湿的30%～40%(低湿)。结果表明:在处理25d时,高湿处理番茄叶片叶绿素含量、净光合速率显著高于低湿处理,而低湿处理果实空洞率比高湿处理高18.4%(P<0.05);在33℃亚高温条件下,70%～80%的相对湿度有利于光合作用的增强和果实品质的提高。     

四氧嘧啶与链脲佐菌素诱导兔1型糖尿病模型的比较

目的观察四氧嘧啶(alloxan,ALX)与链脲佐菌素(streptozotocin,STZ)诱导新西兰兔1型糖尿病模型的差异,探讨建模的最佳方法。方法 70只新西兰兔分为3组:实验组56只,又随机分为ALX和STZ两组,每组28只,采用两次给药,第一次剂量为100 mg/kg,48 h后第二次给药,剂量为120 mg/kg;对照组C组14只,相同方法给予等量生理盐水。每组给药后于不同时间监测空腹血糖、尿糖、尿酮、空腹体重、饮水量、排尿量、渗透压及电解质变化情况。结果一周后ALX组和STZ组成模率分别为71.43%和64.26%,死亡率分别为25%和17.86%,两组之间比较成模率及死亡率均无明显统计学差异(P0.05);两组之间血糖浓度差异有统计学意义(P0.05)。结论 ALX与STZ分两次给药均可诱导稳定的兔1型糖尿病模型,从成模率、死亡率及建模成本综合考虑,ALX是建立兔1型糖尿病模型的优先选择。     

湿度对橘小实蝇及寄生蜂存活与发育的影响

研究外来入侵害虫橘小实蝇及其寄生蜂在不同湿度条件下的存活与发育能力,以预测其在福建的适生分布区。结果表明:在25℃条件下,不同相对湿度对切割潜蝇茧蜂成蜂种群寿命影响大小依次为75%>95%>55%>35%,其中75%相对湿度下种群平均寿命最长,采用二次曲线模型并求得最适相对湿度为75.2%;不同相对湿度对橘小实蝇种群寿命的影响大小依次为75%>55%>95%>35%,采用二次曲线模型并求得最适相对湿度为68.7%,二者可能具有相似的分布区域。同时,从存活曲线分布的情况来看,切割潜蝇茧蜂在不同湿度下的存活曲线分布较橘小实蝇更集中,表明橘小实蝇对湿度的变化表现出更强的敏感性。同时,湿度低于35%时,不能交配并繁殖后代;处于较高湿度时,对其后代体形大小没有显著影响。     

Evaluation of the environmental stress index (ESI) for the southern hemisphere

The environmental stress index (ESI), constructed from ambient temperature, relative humidity, and solar radiation, was further evaluated from databases collected in Israel and New Zealand. High correlations were found between ESI and WBGT (R²=0.959 and R²=0.973 for Israel and New Zealand, respectively). However, for the New Zealand database, residuals were not distributed symmetrically around the zero line, which might be due to the difference in the global radiation spectrum. The ultraviolet radiation measurements were significantly higher in New Zealand than in Israel. As a consequence, a correction factor might be needed for ESI to be used in the southern hemisphere.     

Seasonal variation, weather and behavior in day-care children: a multilevel approach

This study analyzes the effect of weather variables, such as solar radiation, indoor and outdoor air temperature, relative humidity and time spent outdoor, on the behavior of 2-year-old children and their affects across different seasons: winter, spring and summer. Participants were a group of 61 children (33 males and 28 females) attending four day-care centers in Florence (Central Italy). Mean age of children at the beginning of the study was 24.1 months (SD?=?3.6). We used multilevel linear analyses to account for the hierarchical structure of our data. The study analyzed the following behavioral variables: Activity Level, Attentional Focusing, Frustration, and Aggression. Results showed a different impact of some weather variables on children’s behavior across seasons, indicating that the weather variable that affects children’s behavior is usually the one that shows extreme values during the studied seasons, such as air temperature and relative humidity in winter and summer. Studying children and their reactions to weather conditions could have potentially wide-reaching implications for parenting and teaching practices, as well as for researchers studying social relationships development.     

低湿度培养诱生变形杆菌复杂群集运动增殖生长模式

探讨低湿度培养环境对奇异变形杆菌集群运动生长模式的影响。用含水量为90％的低湿度平板诱生群集运动增殖能力不同的内环与外环变形杆菌,通过菌落直径比值反映2种菌群集运动增殖能力差异。内环菌菌落直径较小,外环菌菌落直径较大,1、2,3代菌落直径比值分别为（1．83±0．17）、（3．71±0．12）、（4．51±0。12）。外环菌集群运动增殖速率大于内环菌,且有随着培养代数增多差异增大的趋势,直观反映了一种环境变化即可对系统产生巨大的影响。     

Pathogenicity of Pasteurella multocida A:3 in Flemish giant and New Zealand white rabbits.

Pasteurella multocida A:3 was isolated during an outbreak of pasteurellosis in Flemish Giant (FG) rabbits. Since New Zealand White (NZW) rabbits housed in the same room were not as severely affected as FG rabbits, experimental inoculation was undertaken to determine if FG rabbits were more susceptible than NZW rabbits to pasteurellosis induced by this isolate. Rabbits of each breed were inoculated with P. multocida A:3 and observed for 3 weeks. Four of 5 FG rabbits developed severe clinical disease on days 6, 9, 12 and 14 after inoculation; whereas, the one affected NZW rabbit became ill 14 days after inoculation. All rabbits with clinical disease developed fibrinosuppurative pleuritis, pyothorax and pneumonia which was more severe in FG than NZW rabbits. At necropsy, P. multocida A:3 was isolated from multiple sites of the diseased rabbits. No significant difference (P = 0.099) in the prevalence of lesions between the two breeds was found; however, the score of pneumonia and pleuritis was 3 times greater in FG rabbits than NZW rabbits.     

Rhynchophorus ferrugineus attack affects a group of compounds rather than rearranging Phoenix canariensis metabolic pathways

The red palm weevil（RPW; Rhynchophorus ferrugineus） is spreading worldwide and severely harming many palm species. However, most studies on RPW focused on insect biology, and little information is available about the plant response to the attack. In the present experiment, we used metabolomics to study the alteration of the leaf metabolome of Phoenix canariensis at initial(1^st stage) or advanced(2^nd stage)attack by RPW compared with healthy（unattacked） plants.The leaf metabolome significantly varied among treatments. At the 1^st stage of attack, plants showed a reprogramming of carbohydrate and organic acid metabolism; in contrast, peptides and lipid metabolic pathways underwent more changes during the 2^nd than 1^st stage of attack. Enrichment metabolomics analysis indicated that RPW attack mostly affected a particular group of compounds rather than rearranging plant metabolic pathways. Some compounds selectively affected during the 1^st rather than 2^nd stage（e.g. phenylalanine; tryptophan; cellobiose;xylose; quinate; xylonite; idonate; and iso-threonate; cellobiotol and arbutine） are upstream events in the phenylpropanoid,terpenoid and alkaloid biosynthesis. These compounds could be designated as potential markers of initial RPW attack. However,further investigation is needed to determine efficient early screening methods of RPW attack based on the concentrations of these molecules.     

Efficacy of Monensin or Amprolium in the Prevention of Hepatic Coccidiosis in Rabbits

SYNOPSIS. New Zealand White rabbits were fed monensin (Coban® Premix) or amprolium in pelleted feed as a prophylaxis against infection with Eimeria stiedai. Rabbits receiving monensin at 0.005, 0.01, or 0.02% concentrations in the feed did not become infected but ate only small amounts of pellets when the drug concentration was 0.02%. All rabbits given 0.02% amprolium in pelleted feed developed severe infections. Rabbits on "limited" (8 gm pellets per day) diets were susceptible to infection.     

The effect of hFVIII transgene on the chromosomal aneuploidy rate in rabbits

The aim of this study was to compare the chromosomal aneuploidy rate between transgenic and non-transgenic rabbits derived from the F4 generation. Chromosomal analysis was carried out on bone marrow samples of New Zealand White transgenic (carrying human factor VIII gene) and non-transgenic rabbits (F4 generation) each having a different genetic background (female no. 1-3-5 line I and female no. 1-9-7 line II). C-metaphase plates were obtained from the bone marrow lymphocytes synchronized by the addition of 0.25 microg/ml colcemide. No significant difference in chromosomal aneuploidy between transgenic (61%) and non-transgenic (51.27%) rabbits of line I was observed. A higher but non-significant aneuploidy rate between transgenic and non-transgenic rabbits was found in line II, on the other hand a significant difference (P<0.05) was observed in diploidy rate. In conclusion, chromosomal aneuploidy rates in this experiment were higher than published previously in other reports.     

Modelling the potential geographic distribution of invasive ant species in New Zealand

Despite their economic and environmental impacts, there have been relatively few attempts to model the distribution of invasive ant species. In this study, the potential distribution of six invasive ant species in New Zealand are modelled using three fundamentally different methods (BIOCLIM, DOMAIN, MAXENT). Species records were obtained from museum collections in New Zealand. There was a significant relationship between the length of time an exotic species had been present in New Zealand and its geographic range. This is the first time such a time lag has been described for exotic ant species, and shows there is a considerable time lag in their spread. For example, it has taken many species several decades (40–60 years) to obtain a distribution of 17–25% of New Zealand regions. For all six species, BIOCLIM performed poorly compared to the other two modelling methods. BIOCLIM had lower AUC scores and higher omission error, suggesting BIOCLIM models under-predicted the potential distribution of each species. Omission error was significantly higher between models fitted with all 19 climate variables compared to those models with fewer climate variables for BIOCLIM, but not DOMAIN or MAXENT. Widespread species had a greater commission error. A number of regions in New Zealand are predicted to be climatically suitable for the six species modelled, particularly coastal and lowland areas of both the North and South Islands.     

松突圆蚧种群耐寒性的季节变化

采用过冷却点、低温暴露死亡率、冷识别温度和致死中低温累积等指标评价不同季节松突圆蚧的耐寒性.结果表明:各季节松突圆蚧的过冷却点波动在-22.4～-3.1 ℃之间,以冬季雌成虫的平均过冷却点最低(-14.83 ℃),显著低于夏季雌成虫、冬季1龄若虫和初孵若虫(P＜0.01),但其它发育阶段在冬、夏季之间均无显著差异;冬季1龄若虫、2龄性分化前若虫、2龄性分化后雄若虫、雌成虫和种群总体在-20～0 ℃下的死亡率、冷识别温度和致死中低温累积均明显低于夏季;1龄若虫、2龄性分化后雄若虫和种群总体的致死中低温累积与季节性平均气温均呈显著正相关(R＞R0.05=0.950,n-2=2),但各发育阶段的过冷却点与其致死中低温累积的相关性均未达显著水平.松突圆蚧冬季种群耐寒性最强,夏季种群最弱;该虫耐寒性的这一季节适应性并不依赖于过冷却点,而与气温的季节变化密切相关.