促红细胞生成素对血液透析患者血浆脂联素水平及左心室肥厚的影响

目的：促红细胞生成素（EPO）在维持性血液透析患者中具有保护心血管的作用,本文旨在探讨EPO在血液透析病人中对脂联素（ADPN）水平及左心室肥厚的影响。方法：46名维持性血液透析患者用EPO治疗8周,分别在治疗前,治疗第2、4、8周后测定血红蛋白（Hb）,红细胞压积（Hct）,血浆白蛋白（ALB）,体重指数（BMI）,C反应蛋白（CRP）,血清铁蛋白（SF）,血清铁饱和度（TAST）,ELISA测定ADPN水平;彩色多普勒超声测定左心室心肌重量（LVM）及计算左心室心肌重量指数（LVMI）。结果：血液透析患者血清ADPN水平高于正常人;用EPO治疗2周后即出现ADPN水平升高,第4周后ADPN水平进一步升高,第8周与第4周比较无明显变化;应用EPO可降低CRP、SF水平;ADPN是LVMI的重要影响因子,EPO可改善左心室肥厚与功能。结论：EPO可提高血液透析患者ADPN水平,降低CRP、SF水平,减轻左心室肥厚。     

氯沙坦对原发性高血压患者左心室肥厚及血清MMP-9的影响

目的:探讨氯沙坦对原发性高血压伴左心室肥厚患者左心室结构及血清MMP-9的影响.方法:86例原发性高血压伴左心室肥厚患者分为氯沙坦治疗组(n=46)和对照组(n=40).在治疗前及治疗后8w,测定收缩压和舒张压,用彩色多普勒超声诊断仪测量舒张期左心室后壁厚度(PWT),舒张期室间隔厚度(IVST),左心室舒张末内径(LVID),并计算左室重量指数(LVMI)以判定左心室肥厚程度,另外,采用酶联免疫吸附法(ELISA)检测血清MMP-9.结果:治疗8w后,两组患者的收缩压、舒张压、LVMI值、血清MMP-9均较治疗前低(P<0.01或P<0.05),且氯沙坦治疗组患者的收缩压、舒张压、LVMI值、血清MMP-9较对照组低(P<0.01或P<0.05).结论:氯沙坦能降低原发性高血压血压、逆转左心室肥厚,并且能降低血清MMP-9表达.     

α- 酮酸片对维持性血液透析患者心脏功能和结构的影响

目的:探讨α-酮酸片(α-KA)对维持性血液透析(MHD)患者心脏功能和结构的影响。方法:观察30例α-酮酸片(商品名:开同)治疗组维持性血液透析患者与30例对照组患者,分别在治疗前及治疗6个月后超声心动图测定心脏结构指标:左房收缩末期内径(LADs)、左室舒张末期内径(LVEDd)、室间隔舒张末期厚度(IVSTd)、左室后壁舒张末期厚度(LVPWTd),左房内径指数(LAI)、左心室心肌重量指数(LVMI)、相对室壁厚度(RWT),心脏功能指标:左室射血分数(LVEF),左室短轴缩短率(FS),二尖瓣口舒张早期和晚期最大血流速度比(E/A)各项指标等检测,比较治疗前后各指标变化。结果:治疗组MHD患者心脏结构指标:左房收缩末期内径(LADs)、左室舒张末期内径(LVEDd)、室间隔舒张末期厚度(IVSTd)、左室后壁舒张末期厚度(LVPWTd),左房内径指数(LAI)、左心室心肌重量指数(LVMI)值均明显低于对照组,二者差异有显著性(P<0.05),两组相对室壁厚度(RWT)相比没有明显的差异(P>0.05)。心脏功能指标:左室射血分数(LVEF),左室短轴缩短率(FS),二尖瓣口舒张早期和晚期最大血流速度比(E/A)值较对照组明显增高(P<0.05),有统计学意义。结论:α-酮酸片可以改善MHD患者的心脏结构和功能,其对MHD患者心血管并发症的预防和治疗有一定临床指导意义。     

NPR-A在压力超负荷性大鼠心肌重构过程中的表达变化

目的观察在A型利钠肽受体(NPR-A)表达压力超负荷性大鼠心肌重构过程中的变化,探讨其在高血压心肌重构过程中的可能作用。方法 40只清洁级SD大鼠随机分为对照组(20只)及模型组(20只),模型组采用"两肾一夹法"构建肾性高血压大鼠模型,术后每周测尾动脉收缩压(SBP),于术后4、8周后处死大鼠。计算左心室重量指数(LVMI),采用HE、天狼星红染色观察左心室病理形态学变化,采用ELLSA法测定血浆脑钠肽(BNP),免疫组化测定左心室NPR-A蛋白表达水平。比较两组SBP、LVMI、心肌细胞直径(MD)、心肌组织胶原容积分数(CVF)、BNP及NPR-A蛋白表达水平。结果模型组大鼠术后4、8周后SBP、LVMI、MD、CVF均明显高于对照组(均P0.05);模型组大鼠术后4周血浆BNP、左心室NPR-A表达水平均明显升高(P0.05),术后8周血浆BNP明显升高(P0.05),左心室NPR-A水平明显下降(P0.05)。与模型组术后4周相比,模型组大鼠术后8周尾动脉SBP无明显变化(P0.05),但LVMI、MD、CVF均显著升高,血浆BNP水平显著升高,左心室NPR-A表达显著下降,差异均有统计学意义(均P0.05)。结论压力超负荷性大鼠左心室NPR-A的表达呈动态变化趋势,可能参与高血压心肌重构发生发展的过程。     

尿毒症维持性血液透析患者血清CRP与营养状态及感染的相关性

目的:探讨尿毒症维持性血液透析患者的血清C-反应蛋白(CRP)与营养状态及感染的相关关系。方法:按照是否发生感染将2013年2月-2015年8月我院收治的238例尿毒症维持性血液透析患者分为感染组(118例)和非感染组(120例),对两组患者的血清CRP、营养状态相关指标进行比较,并分析CRP水平与营养状态及感染的相关性。结果:感染组的体质量指数(BMI)、白蛋白、前白蛋白、转铁蛋白、血红蛋白水平低于非感染组,重组人促红细胞生成素、血清CRP水平高于非感染组,肱三头肌皮褶厚度低于非感染组,差异均有统计学意义(P0.05)。经Pearson积矩相关分析,血清CRP与BMI、白蛋白、前白蛋白、转铁蛋白、血红蛋白呈负相关关系(r=-0.81、-0.93、-0.85、-0.79、-0.91),差异有统计学意义(P0.05),血清CRP与肱三头肌皮褶厚度(TSF)呈负相关关系(r=-0.76,P0.05),与重组人促红细胞生成素呈正相关关系(r=0.89,P0.05)。结论:尿毒症维持性血液透析患者的血清CRP水平可作为评估患者营养状态及感染的重要指标,具有重要的参考价值。     

CyPA-CD147-ERK1/2-cyclinD2信号通路在大鼠左心室肥厚过程中表达上调(英文)

亲环素A(cyclophilin A,Cy PA),其受体CD147及其下游信号通路在心肌肥厚过程中变化情况不清楚。本实验目的是研究血清Cy PA、心肌中Cy PA、CD147及其信号通路与心肌肥厚的关系。大鼠左心室肥厚模型用2肾2夹(2-kidney,2-clip,2K2C)方法制备,并观察1周,4周和8周。用左心质量和体重比值(ratio of left ventricular heart weight to body weight,LVW/BW)及心肌横切面面积(cross sectional area,CSA)评价左心室肥厚。用ELISA检测血清中Cy PA水平。用蛋白免疫印迹和免疫组化观察Cy PA、CD147、磷酸化ERK1/2和cyclin D2在心肌组织中表达水平。在第4周和8周,与对照组比较,2K2C组大鼠血压明显增高,LVW/BW和CSA显著增加。ELISA结果显示2K2C组大鼠血清中Cy PA水平随着左心室肥厚程度加剧而明显增加。蛋白免疫印迹和免疫组化结果表明,Cy PA、CD147、磷酸化ERK1/2和cyclin D2在2K2C组大鼠心肌组织中表达水平也随左心室肥厚发展而增加。本研究表明血清中Cy PA水平以及心肌组织中Cy PA-CD147-ERK1/2-cyclin D2信号通路在心肌肥厚发展过程中被激活并表达上调,提示该信号通路在左心室肥厚发病机制中可能发挥了作用。     

不同铁剂对血液透析患者贫血、炎症及氧化应激状态的影响

目的:探讨口服铁剂和静脉铁剂对维持性血液透析患者贫血、炎症及氧化应激状态的影响.方法:选择在深圳市福田区人民医院血液净化中心透析龄超过3个月的MHD患者24例,分别给予口服铁剂和静脉铁剂,进行为期8周随访,分别检测治疗前、治疗4周、治疗8周后患者的血红蛋白(hemoglobin,Hb)、红细胞比容(hematocrit,Hct)、血清铁(seruin iron,SI)、铁蛋白(serum ferritin,SF)、血清转铁蛋白饱和度(transferrinsaturation,TSAT),C-反应蛋白(C-reactive protein,CRP)、IL-6、TNF-α以及血浆丙二醛(malondialdehyde,MDA)、超氧化物歧化酶(superoxide dismutase,SOD)、血浆谷胱甘肽过氧化物酶(glutathione peroxidase,GSH-Px).结果:(1)4周时,A组患者Hb、HCT及铁蛋白均较治疗前升高,差异有统计学意义(P＜0.05);8周时,两组Hb、HICT、铁蛋白较治疗前均升高,A组较B组相比显著升高(P＜0.05).A组TSAT较治疗前及B组均显著升高;B组治疗前后TSAT无显著改变;血清铁在A、B两组治疗后无显著改变.(2)CRP、IL-6在口服或静脉补铁期间变化均无显著性(P＞0.05),TNF-α在静脉铁刺治疗8周后较前及口服铁剂8周后相比,有显著升高(P＜0.05).(3)4周时,A组患者MDA水平较治疗前及B组均显著上升,SOD、GSH-Px水平显著低于治疗前及B组,其差异有显著性(P＜0.05);8周时恢复至治疗前水平.B组治疗过程中未发现MDA、SOD、GSH-Px水平的明显改变.结论:静脉铁剂在改善贫血及缺铁状态的效果优于口服补铁,但短期会诱导炎症及氧化应激反应的加剧.     

血清脂联素水平对老年维持性血液透析患者心脑血管事件发生风险及预后的影响

目的:探讨老年维持性血液透析(MHD)患者血清脂联素(adiponectin,ADPN)水平与其心脑血管事件发生风险及其预后的关系。方法:采用酶联免疫吸附实验(ELISA)检测76例老年MHD患者血清ADPN水平,以5 mg/L为界,以5 mg/L为低ADPN组,≥5 mg/L为高ADPN组。随访观察两组心脑血管事件的发生情况及预后。采用Cox回归分析血清ADPN水平和心脑血管事件对老年MHD患者的预后影响。结果:76例老年MHD患者的血清ADPN水平为(11.10±10.68)mg/L,其中低ADPN组患者有33例,高ADPN组患者有43例。与低ADPN组相比,高ADPN组患者的心脑血管事件发生率明显下降,而生存时间明显延长(P0.05)。Cox回归分析显示低ADPN水平和发生心脑血管事件是老年MHD患者生存时间的危险因素(P0.05)。结论:血清ADPN水平可作为老年MHD患者心脑血管事件的预测指标,并与患者的预后相关,有较好的临床应用价值。     

维持性透析患者体内氧化应激状态及影响因素研究

目的:探讨慢性肾脏病5D期(Chronic Kidney Disease stage 5D,CKD5D)患者体内氧化应激水平变化及相关影响因素,比较不同的肾替代治疗方式对终末期肾病患者体内氧化应激水平的影响。方法:收集CKD5D期患者血清,采用双抗体夹心法测定血清超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)、丙二醛(MDA)和谷胱甘肽-过氧化物酶(GSH-Px)水平,同时收集患者临床资料,用统计学方法进行相关影响因素分析。结果:透析患者体内氧化应激水平明显高于正常对照组(P0.05)。维持性血液透析患者氧化应激水平高于腹膜透析患者(P0.05)。多因素回归分析结果提示:CKD5D期患者体内氧化应激水平与透析方式、透析时间、性别、年龄、是否贫血、他汀类药物、血管紧张素转化酶抑制剂/血管紧张素II受体阻滞剂(ACEI/ARB)类药物的使用及CRP密切相关(P0.05)。而铁剂、重组人促红细胞生成素(EPO)的使用和白细胞计数与氧化应激水平无独立相关性(P0.05)。结论:CKD5D期患者体内氧化应激水平与透析方式、透析龄和性别相关,维持性血液透析患者体内氧化应激水平高于维持性腹膜透析患者。     

穿心莲内酯对大鼠心肌肥厚的影响

研究穿心莲内酯(AP)对由腹主动脉缩窄所致大鼠心肌肥厚的抑制作用。采用腹主动脉缩窄法制备大鼠心肌肥厚模型,10天后开始每天一次的AP0.5,1.0,2.0g/kg给药,共10周。测定心脏质量指数(HMI)、左心室质量指数(LVMI);检测血清及心肌组织的乳酸脱氢酶(LDH)和左心室心肌组织乳酸(LAC)、游离脂肪酸(FFA)含量。同假手术组相比,心肌肥厚模型组大鼠心肌组织LDH明显降低,其他指标明显升高;AP低中高给药组中,中、高剂量组各个指标明显改善。AP对心肌肥厚具有较好抑制作用,其具体原因可能与调节心肌细胞产能机制有关。     

左卡尼汀联合蔗糖铁对血液透析患者肾性贫血及氧化应激的影响

目的:探讨左卡尼汀联合蔗糖铁对血透患者肾性贫血及氧化应激的影响。方法:抽选我院2010年3月-2013年5月行维持血透治疗的肾性贫血患者79例,采用数字表法分为对照组(39例)和观察组(40例),对照组采用促红细胞生成素(EPO)、单用蔗糖铁及常规对症治疗,观察组在对照组基础上联用左卡尼汀治疗。比较两组患者治疗前、治疗6个月后血红蛋白(Hb)、血细胞比容(Hct)、血浆铁蛋白(SF)、转铁蛋白饱和度(TSAT)、晚期蛋白质氧化产物(AOPP)及血丙二醛(MDA)水平,并对两组治疗开始时、治疗3、6个月时EPO使用剂量进行比较。结果:治疗6个月后,观察组患者Hb、Hct、SF、TSAT明显高于对照组(P0.05),AOPP、MDA明显低于对照组(P0.05);对照组从治疗开始到治疗6个月时一直维持较高的EPO使用剂量,而观察组EPO用量依次递减,至治疗6个月时EPO用量显著低于对照组(P0.05)。结论:左卡尼汀能联合蔗糖铁治疗肾性贫血的疗效显著,能有效缓解氧化应激反应,降低EPO用量,值得临床推广。     

The comparison of insulin sensitivity in non-diabetic hemodialysis patients treated with and without recombinant human erythropoietin.

BACKGROUND: Patients with end-stage renal disease (ESRD) are known to have insulin resistance. Treatment with EPO is associated with improvement in insulin sensitivity in uremic patients. The aim of this study was to compare insulin sensitivity and pancreatic B cell function in adult non-diabetic uremic hemodialysis patients treated with or without rHuEPO. SUBJECTS AND METHODS: Three groups of subjects were included to the study: hemodialysis patients treated with rHuEPO [EPO(+) group] or without rHuEPO [EPO(-) group], and healthy controls. Anthropometrical parameters, lipid levels, fasting glucose and insulin levels were measured in all subjects. Homeostasis Model Assessment (HOMA) was used to compare insulin sensitivity. ANOVA, independent t-test, and Pearson correlation were used for statistical analysis. RESULTS: Mean insulin level of control group (20.04 +/- 7.2 pmol/l) was significantly lower than EPO(+) group (p < 0.04) and EPO(-) group (p < 0.0001). HOMA-(%B) levels in the EPO(+) group were significantly lower than in the EPO(-) group (106 +/- 42, 140 +/- 63 respectively, p < 0.02). HOMA-(%B) levels in the control group (66 +/- 17) were significantly lower than in the EPO(+) and EPO(-) group (p < 0.005 and p < 0.0001 respectively). HOMA-(%S) levels in the EPO(+) groups was significantly higher than in the EPO(-) group (91 +/- 40, 56 +/- 26, respectively; p < 0.01). HOMA-(%S) levels of control group (125 +/- 24 ) was significantly higher than EPO(+) and EPO(-) groups (p < 0.02, p < 0.0001 respectively). We found a positive correlation between duration of erythropoietin treatment and insulin sensitivity (r = 0.484, p < 0.002). CONCLUSIONS: Firstly, patients treated with EPO are insulin sensitive compared to patients not treated with EPO. Secondly, duration of erythropoietin treatment is positively correlated with insulin sensitivity in hemodialysis patients.     

Antioxidant status and lipid peroxidation in hemodialysis patients undergoing erythropoietin and erythropoietin-vitamin E combined therapy.

In this study, plasma and red blood cell (RBC) antioxidant status and plasma lipid peroxidation were investigated in 46 hemodialysis patients. In addition, the effect of erythropoietin (EPO) and EPO-vitamin E combination therapy on plasma and RBC antioxidant status, and plasma lipid peroxidation were examined. There were 10 healthy subjects in the control group and 10 hemodialysis patients in the untreated group. The third group included 36 hemodialysis patients that were given EPO (100 U/kg) for 3 months, 3 times per week. The fourth group included 36 hemodialysis-patients from the EPO group that were given EPO at a 50% decreased dose + vitamin E (300 mg/day) for 3 months. MDA levels in the untreated group, the EPO group and the EPO + vitamin E groups were found to be higher than the control group (p < 0.001, in both). Furthermore, MDA levels in both of the treatment groups were lower when compared to the untreated group (p < 0.001, in both). Plasma vitamin E levels in the untreated, the EPO group and EPO + vitamin E groups were lower than the control group (p < 0. 001). In contrast, plasma vitamin E levels in the treatment groups were higher in comparison with the control group (p < 0.05). SOD activities in the untreated, the EPO group and the EPO + vitamin E groups were found to be lower than the control group (p < 0.001). SOD activities in the treatment groups were higher than the control group (p<0.001). The SOD activities in the EPO+vitamin E group increased when compared to the EPO group (p < 0.001). CAT activities in the untreated, the EPO group and the EPO + vitamin E groups were found to be lower than the control group (p < 0.001 in untreated and EPO groups, p <0.01 in EPO+ vitamin E group). CAT activities in EPO and EPO+ vitamin E groups were increased when compared to the untreated group (p < 0.01). In conclusion, our findings have shown that antioxidant status decreased and lipid peroxidation increased in hemodialysis patients. EPO has an antioxidant effect on the RBC and plasma antioxidant status, and plasma lipid peroxidation. These effects were moderately increased by the combination of vitamin E and EPO.     

肾康注射液联合血液透析治疗慢性肾功能衰竭的临床效果及对肾功能、营养指标的影响

目的探讨肾康注射液联合血液透析治疗对慢性肾功能衰竭患者的肾功能、营养指标及临床疗效的影响。方法选取2018年3月~2019年2月我院肾内科收治的116例慢性肾功能衰竭患者作为研究对象,随机分为对照组和观察组各58例。对照组给予单纯血液透析治疗,观察组给予肾康注射液联合血液透析治疗,治疗16周后观察两组患者的肾功能及肾纤维化指标、营养及贫血指标改善情况,并比较两组患者的临床疗效、不良反应发生情况。结果治疗16周后,两组患者的血肌酐(Scr)、尿素氮(BUN)、Ⅳ型胶原(C-Ⅳ)、透明质酸(HA)、Ⅲ型前胶原(PC-Ⅲ)均较治疗前降低(均P<0.05),纤维连接蛋白(FN)较治疗前升高(均P<0.05),而两组患者各指标比较,观察组的改善效果优于对照组(均P<0.05)。两组患者的红细胞总数(RBC)、血红蛋白(HGB)、血清总蛋白(TP)、血清白蛋白(ALB)水平均较治疗前改善(均P<0.05),观察组的改善效果明显优于对照组(均P<0.05)。两组患者治疗前后的血铁(Fe)、转铁蛋白(TRF)、铁蛋白(FER)、促红细胞生成素(EPO)水平比较,对照组各指标水平均较治疗前降低(均P<0.05),观察组治疗前后各指标水平比较无差异性(均P>0.05)。两组患者的临床疗效比较,观察组总有效率(86.21%)明显高于对照组(60.34%),差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。两组不良反应发生率比较,差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。结论肾康注射液联合血液透析治疗慢性肾功能衰竭能明显改善患者肾功能及营养状况,提高临床疗效,且安全性高,值得临床推广。     

Single dose of acetylsalicylic acid in patients with Type 2 diabetes mellitus and/or chronic renal failure ameliorates anaemia by decreasing the rate of neocytolysis

BACKGROUND: Anaemia in diabetes mellitus (DM) and/or chronic renal failure (CRF) may be caused by a decreased production of erythropoietin (EPO), EPO resistance, and by the lysis of the young circulating red blood cells (neocytolysis) induced by subclinical inflammation and low EPO level. Aims of this study were to detect EPO resistance in patients with DM and/or CRF and to prove, that acetylsalicylic acid (ASA) is able to improve the haemopoietic status by decreasing neocytolysis. METHODS: In a cross-sectional study, three groups of selected patients (patients with DM; patients with DM+CRF; patients with CRF without DM, n=15 each) and a group of controls (non-diabetic, nonazotemic subjects, n = 10) were compared. In the intervention part of the study, the effect of a single dose of 1 gram ASA on neocytolysis was investigated in a subgroup of these patients. RESULTS: Despite the similar EPO level (p = 1.000), all three patient groups had lower haemoglobin and haematocrit than control persons (p < 0.05 in all cases). Patients with DM+CRF had lower haemoglobin than patients with DM or CRF alone (p < 0.05). Single dose of ASA induced a fast increase in serum EPO level, a concomitant rise of the Rtc number and rate, red blood cell count, haematocrit and haemoglobin p < 0.01 for each). These changes were accompanied by a marked decrease in serum lactate dehydrogenase activity (p < 0.01). CONCLUSIONS: DM and CRF may induce erythropoietin resistance. In these patients, ASA treatment increases serum EPO level. The higher EPO level and the anti-inflammatory effect of ASA may decrease neocytolysis.     

全反式维甲酸对急性早幼粒细胞白血病患者血清学的影响

目的：探讨全反式维甲酸（All trans retinoic acid,ATRA）作为辅助剂在急性早幼粒细胞白血病（Acute promyelocytic leukemia, APL）治疗中,对患者血清促红细胞生成素（Erythropoietin,EPO）、血清铁蛋白、叶酸和维生素B12水平的影响。方法：回顾性分析 我院2011 年6 月-2015 年6 月接诊的50 例急性早幼粒细胞白血病患者的临床资料。根据患者的治疗方法不同将患者分为两组, A 组（亚砷酸钠治疗组）和B 组（亚砷酸钠联合ATRA）。对比两组患者治疗后血清铁蛋白、EPO、叶酸和维生素B12 恢复情况。结 果：两组患者入院时所有血清EPO、铁蛋白等比较,差异无统计学意义（P>0.05）;治疗后两组患者血清各指标均有所改善（P<0. 05）;治疗后B 组患者中EPO、血清B12、血清铁蛋白和叶酸恢复正常水平者明显多于A 组,差异具有统计学意义（P<0.05）。结论： 全反式维甲酸辅助治疗急性早幼粒细胞白血病患者能够更好的改善患者血清EPO、铁蛋白、叶酸和维生素B12 的异常,对于疾病 的治疗有一定的效果。     

Selenium and glutathione levels, and glutathione peroxidase activities in blood components of uremic patients on hemodialysis supplemented with selenium and treated with erythropoietin

Patients with chronic renal failure (CRF) often have reduced concentrations of selenium (Se) and lowered activities of glutathione peroxidase (GSH-Px) in blood components. The kidney is a major source of plasma GSH-Px. We measured Se and glutathione levels in blood components and red cell and plasma GSH-Px activities in 58 uremic patients on regular (3 times a week) hemodialysis (HD). The dialyzed patients were divided in 4 subgroups and were supplemented for 3 months with: 1) placebo (bakers yeast), 2) erythropoietin (EPO; 3 times a week with 2,000 U after each HD session), 3) Se-rich yeast (300 μg 3 times a week after each HD), and 4) Se-rich yeast plus EPO in doses as above. The results were compared with those for 25 healthy subjects. The Se concentrations and GSH-Px activities in the blood components of dialyzed uremic patients were significantly lower compared with the control group. Treatment of the HD patients with placebo and EPO only did not change the parameters studied. The treatment with Se as well as with Se and EPO caused an increase in Se levels and red cell GSH-Px activity. Plasma GSH-Px activity, however, increased only slowly or did not change after treatment with Se and with Se plus EPO. In the group treated with Se plus EPO the element concentration in blood components was higher compared with the group supplemented with Se alone. The weak or absence of response in plasma GSH-Px activity to Se supply indicates that the impaired kidney of uremic HD patients has reduced possibilities to synthesize this enzyme.     

Antioxidant status and lipid peroxidation in hemodialysis patients undergoing erythropoietin and erythropoietin-vitamin E combined therapy

In this study, plasma and red blood cell (RBC) antioxidant status and plasma lipid peroxidation were investigated in 46 hemodialysis patients. In addition, the effect of erythropoietin (EPO) and EPO-vitamin E combination therapy on plasma and RBC antioxidant status, and plasma lipid peroxidation were examined.

There were 10 healthy subjects in the control group and 10 hemodialysis patients in the untreated group. The third group included 36 hemodialysis patients that were given EPO (100 U/kg) for 3 months, 3 times per week. The fourth group included 36 hemodialysis-patients from the EPO group that were given EPO at a 50% decreased dose + vitamin E (300 mg/day) for 3 months.

MDA levels in the untreated group, the EPO group and the EPO + vitamin E groups were found to be higher than the control group (p<0.001, in both). Furthermore, MDA levels in both of the treatment groups were lower when compared to the untreated group (p<0.001, in both). Plasma vitamin E levels in the untreated, the EPO group and EPO + vitamin E groups were lower than the control group (p<0.001). In contrast, plasma vitamin E levels in the treatment groups were higher in comparison with the control group (p<0.05). SOD activities in the untreated, the EPO group and the EPO + vitamin E groups were found to be lower than the control group (p<0.001). SOD activities in the treatment groups were higher than the control group (p<0.001). The SOD activities in the EPO + vitamin E group increased when compared to the EPO group (p<0.001). CAT activities in the untreated, the EPO group and the EPO + vitamin E groups were found to be lower than the control group (p<0.001 in untreated and EPO groups, p<0.01 in EPO + vitamin E group). CAT activities in EPO and EPO + vitamin E groups were increased when compared to the untreated group (p<0.01).

In conclusion, our findings have shown that antioxidant status decreased and lipid peroxidation increased in hemodialysis patients. EPO has an antioxidant effect on the RBC and plasma antioxidant status, and plasma lipid peroxidation. These effects were moderately increased by the combination of vitamin E and EPO.     

Anemia under androgen deprivation: influence of flutamide, cyproteroneacetate and orchiectomy on the erythropoietin system.

OBJECTIVE: There is a high incidence of anemia in patients with advanced prostate cancer (PC) under androgen deprivation. Pathophysiology of this anemia remains unclear. Erythropoietin (EPO) is the main growth factor inducing erythropoesis in response to hypoxia. In this study, function of the EPO-system following androgen deprivation was tested in standardized animal model. METHODS: Animals were pretreated by either orchiectomy, injection of cyproteroneacetate or flutamide. After hypoxic stimulation, EPO mRNA expression and EPO serum levels were studied. RESULTS: In all animals, EPO mRNA expression and EPO serum levels were increased following hypoxic stimulation. Compared to the control group, this increase was even more pronounced after androgen deprivation. None of the different forms of androgen deprivation had a negative stimulating effect on EPO expression. CONCLUSION: Unexpectedly, androgen deprivation did not suppress EPO mRNA expression and EPO serum concentrations. Instead, stimulation of the EPO system was even more pronounced after androgen deprivation. A deficient EPO system does not appear to contribute to the clinically observed anemia in patients treated by androgen deprivation.