Evaluation of cytotoxic compounds from calligonum comosum L. growing in Egypt

Calligonum comosum (Polygonaceae), an Egyptian desert plant, was extracted and fractionated using petroleum ether, methylene chloride, and ethyl acetate. The total methanolic extract and other fractions were tested for their anticancer activity using Ehrlich ascites, brine shrimp and antioxidant assays. Ethyl acetate fraction proved to be the most active in all assays. Eight compounds were isolated, purified, and identified from this fraction as (+)-catechin (1), dehydrodicatechin A (2), kaempferol-3-O-rhamnopyranoside (3), quercitrin (quercetin-3-O-rhamnopyranoside) (4), beta-sitosterol-3-O-glucoside (5), isoquercitrin (quercetin-3-O-glucopyranoside) (6), kaempferol-3-O-glucuronide (7), and mequilianin (quercetin-3-O-glucuronide) (8). All isolated compounds were tested for their cytotoxicity and antioxidant activity. Compound 2 showed the best cytotoxic and antioxidant activity.     

番石榴叶化学成分分离鉴定及psiguadial D的抗癌活性研究

本文对番石榴Psidium guajava叶的化学成分进行分离鉴定并对部分化合物抗肿瘤活性进行评价。采用正相硅胶、Sephadex LH-20、MCI柱色谱和制备液相色谱等方法对番石榴叶甲醇提取物的化学成分进行分离纯化,运用现代波谱技术鉴定了13个化合物,分别为4,5-diepipsidial A(1)、psidial A(2)、guajadial(3)、psiguadial A(4)、psiguadial D(5)、α-生育酚(6)、亚油酸(7)、槲皮素-3-O-β-D-吡喃木糖苷(8)、槲皮素-3-O-α-L-吡喃阿拉伯糖苷(9)、槲皮素-3-O-α-L-呋喃阿拉伯糖苷(10)、β-谷甾醇(11)、儿茶素(12)、没食子酸(13)。其中化合物1为首次从天然产物中分离得到。化合物5对人体肿瘤细胞株HL-60、SMMC-7721、A-549、MCF-7、SW-480均显示出较为明显的抑制活性,半数抑制浓度为4.08~11.23μmol/L。     

Superoxide scavenging by polyphenols: effect of conjugation and dimerization

The superoxide anion scavenging capacity of two flavonols (quercetin and kaempferol) and some of their conjugates (quercetin-3-rhamnoglucoside, quercetin-3-sophoroside, quercetin-3-sulphate, quercetin-3-glucuronide, kaempferol-3-sophoroside, kaempferol-3-glucuronide) and of several hydroxycinnamic acids (caffeic acid, ferulic acid, 5-5 diferulic acid, 8-O-4 diferulic acid and 8-8 diferulic acid) were studied. Superoxide anions were generated non-enzymatically in a phenazine methosulphate-NADH system and assayed by reduction of nitro-blue tetrazolium. Among the flavonols examined, the most effective scavengers of superoxide anions were the sophoroside, glucuronide and rhamnoglucoside conjugates. Conversely, quercetin-3-sulphate and the flavonol aglycones, exhibited some pro-oxidant activity at the range of concentrations tested (0.5-10 microM). These results show that conjugation has a marked effect on the scavenging capacity of flavonols and that the type of conjugate at the 3-position determines the final superoxide scavenging capacity. Caffeic acid and ferulic acid showed no effect on the generation of superoxide anions by phenazine methosulphate-NADH. However, dimerization of ferulic acid enhanced the superoxide scavenging capacity of this hydroxycinnamic acid, but this depended on the type of linkage between the monomers. The order, from highest to lowest, of superoxide radical scavenging capacity for the dimers of ferulic acid was: 5-5-diferulic acid > 8-O-4-diferulic acid > 8-8-diferulic acid.     

The Chemical Constituents of Elsholtzia densa Benth.

Ten compounds were isolated from Elsholtzia densa Benth. and their structures were identified by spectral and chemical methods as following: n-nonacosane (1), succinic acid (2), 5- ( 3 ”, 3 ”-dimethylallyl ) -8-methoxyfurocoumarin (3), 5- ( 3 ”-methylbutyl) -8- methoxyfurocoumarin (4), 5- (3”-hydroxy-3”-methylbutyl) -8-methoxyfurocoumarin (5), 3, 4-dihydroxycinnamic acid ( 6 ), 5-hydroxy-3’-methoxyflavanone-7-O-rutinoside ( 7 ), quercetin-3-O-β-D-glucoside ( 8 ), kaempferol-3-O-β-D-glucoside ( 9 ), 5-hydroxy-4’- methoxyflavone-7-O-rutinoside (10). Among them, compounds 4 and 5 are new naturally occurring furocoumarins.     

Studies on the Chemical Constituents of the Leaves of WTBX]Pseudotaxus chienii (Cheng) Cheng

Fourteen compounds were isolated from the leaves of Pseudotaxus chienii (Cheng) Cheng which is uniquely indigenous to China, and their structures were identified mainly by spectrum analyses. Among them, 13 known compounds were determined as: 2-guaiacylpropane-1, 3-diol (1), vanillic acid (2), 3-methoxy-4-hydroxy cinnamic acid (3). 3. 5-dimethoxy-phenol (4), taxicatin (5), 5-oxymaltol (6), quercetin-3-rhamnoside (7), (±)-catechin (8), ecdysterone (9), β-sitosterol (10), D-glucose (11), (±)-10-nonacosanol (12) and octacosanoic acid (13). All these compounds butβ-sitosterol were isolated from this plant for the first time. Compounds 1 and 6 have never been reported in plant kingdom. Another compound was tentatively established as a new compound, named pseudotaxlactone (14).     

小金梅草化学成分研究(英文)

从小金梅草乙醇提取物中分离得到了12个化合物,分别为3-O-β-D-槲皮素葡萄糖苷(1)、3-O-β-D-山柰酚葡萄糖苷(2)、5-O-β-D-芹菜素葡萄糖苷(3)、α-菠甾醇(4)、2,6-二甲氧基苯甲酸(5)、3-吲哚甲酸(6)、(2S,3R,4E,8E)-1-(β-D-吡喃葡萄糖苷)-N-[(R)-2’-羟基-二十碳酰基]-9-甲基-4,8-二烯-1,3-二醇-2-氨基-十八烷(7)、正三十二烷醇(8)、14,15-二十碳烯酸(9)、木腊酸(10)、β-谷甾醇(11)、胡萝卜苷(12)。以上化合物均为首次从该植物中得到。     

Anaerobic degradation of flavonoids by Clostridium orbiscindens

An anaerobic, quercetin-degrading bacterium was isolated from human feces and identified as Clostridium orbiscindens by comparative 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis. The organism was tested for its ability to transform several flavonoids. The isolated C. orbiscindens strain converted quercetin and taxifolin to 3,4-dihydroxyphenylacetic acid; luteolin and eriodictyol to 3-(3,4-dihydroxyphenyl)propionic acid; and apigenin, naringenin, and phloretin to 3-(4-hydroxyphenyl)propionic acid, respectively. Genistein and daidzein were not utilized. The glycosidic bonds of luteolin-3-glucoside, luteolin-5-glucoside, naringenin-7-neohesperidoside (naringin), quercetin-3-glucoside, quercetin-3-rutinoside (rutin), and phloretin-2'-glucoside were not cleaved. Based on the intermediates and products detected, pathways for the degradation of the flavonol quercetin and the flavones apigenin and luteolin are proposed. To investigate the numerical importance of C. orbiscindens in the human intestinal tract, a species-specific oligonucleotide probe was designed and tested for its specificity. Application of the probe to fecal samples from 10 human subjects proved the presence of C. orbiscindens in 8 out of the 10 samples tested. The numbers ranged from 1.87 x 10(8) to 2.50 x 10(9) cells g of fecal dry mass(-1), corresponding to a mean count of 4.40 x 10(8) cells g of dry feces(-1).     

金花茶花化学成分的研究

采用反复硅胶柱色谱法、Sephadex LH-20柱色谱法、ODS柱色谱法、反复重结晶等方法对金花茶花的化学成分进行分离纯化,并通过理化常数测定和波谱分析等方法进行结构鉴定.从金花茶花的乙醇提取物中分离得到13个化合物,分别鉴定为:槲皮素(1)、槲皮素-7-O-β-D-葡萄糖苷(2)、槲皮素-3-O-β-D-葡萄糖苷(...     

藏药翁布的黄酮类化学成分研究

从藏药翁布(Myricaria germanica)的60%丙酮提取物中分离得到了11个黄酮类化合物,利用光谱、波谱分析法鉴定其结构分别为:35,,4’-三羟基-73,’-二甲氧基黄酮(1),3,5,4’-三羟基-7-甲氧基黄酮(2),3,5,3’,4’-四羟基-7-甲氧基黄酮(3),35,7,-三羟基-4’-甲氧基黄酮(4),柽柳素(5),山柰酚(6),槲皮素-3-O-β-D-葡萄糖苷(7)5,,7,4’-三羟基-3-O-β-D-葡萄糖醛酸(8),5,7,3’4,’-四羟基-3-O-β-D-葡萄糖醛酸(9),槲皮苷(10)和阿福豆苷(11)。上述化合物均为首次从该植物中分离得到,其中化合物4、5、7～11为首次从水柏枝属植物中分离得到。     

草果果实中的酚性成分

从草果( Amomum tsao-ko) 果实的甲醇提取物中分离得到了9 个酚性化合物, 其中一个为新的糖基被酰化的酚性配糖体。用1D, 2D NMR 和MS 等现代波谱学方法鉴定为2-甲氧基-1 , 4-二苯酚-1-O - [6- O -(3-甲氧基-4-羟基苯甲酰基) ]-β-D-吡喃葡萄糖苷(1) 。8 个已知化合物分别为3′, 5′-二-C-β-D-吡喃葡萄糖基根皮素( 2)、芦丁(3) 、槲皮素-3- O-β-D-吡喃葡萄糖苷(4 ) 、邻苯三酚( 5 )、邻苯二酚( 6) 、对羟基苯甲酸( 7)、原儿茶酸(8) 和香草酸(9) 。化合物2 , 3 , 5 , 7～9 均为首次从草果果实中分离得到。     

虎尾草化学成分研究

从虎尾草Lysimachia barystachys地上部分中分得8个已知黄酮苷类化合物,通过波谱解析其结构分别鉴定为槲皮素(1),山奈酚(2),金丝桃苷(3)、芦丁(4)、3,5,7,3',4'-五羟基黄酮-3-O-(2,6-二-O-α-L-吡喃鼠李糖)-β-D-吡喃半乳糖苷(5),3,5,7,3',4'-五羟基黄酮-7-O-α-L-吡喃鼠李糖-3-O-α-L-吡喃鼠李糖(1-2)-β-D-吡喃葡萄糖苷(6),3,5,7,4'-四羟基黄酮-3-O-(2,6-二-O-α-L-吡喃鼠李糖)-β-D-吡喃半乳糖苷(7),3,5,7,4'-四羟基黄酮-7-O-α-L-吡喃鼠李糖-3-O-α-L-吡喃鼠李糖(1-2)-β-D-吡喃葡萄糖苷(8).这些化合物除3,4外均为首次从该植物中分离得到.     

飞蛾藤中的新C_(30)甾体类化合物(英文)

A novel C30 sterol, (22E, 24ξ)-24-n-propylcholest-7, 22-dien-3β-ol (racemosol, 1), along withscopoletin (2), scopolin (3), umbelliferone (4), methylβ-D-frucopyranoside (5), syringaresinol-4-O-β-D-glucopyranoside (6), quercetin-3-O-β-D-glucopyranoside (7), quercetin-3-O-α-L-rhamnopyranoside (8),eupatilin (9), kaempferol-3-O-β-D-glucopyranoside (10) and (E）-N-2-(2,3-dihydroxyphenyl) ethyl cinnamamide(11), was isolated from the whole plants of Porana racemosa Roxb. Their structures were elucidatedpredominantly by spectral evidence.     

Cytotoxic and new tetralone derivatives from Berchemia floribunda (Wall.) Brongn

Two new alpha-tetralone (=3,4-dihydronaphthalen-1(2H)-one) derivatives, berchemiaside A and B (1 and 2, resp.), and one new flavonoid, quercetin-3-O-(2-acetyl-alpha-L-arabinofuranoside (3), together with ten known flavonoids compounds, eriodictyol (4), aromadendrin (5), trans-dihydroquercetin (6), cis-dihydroquercetin (7), kaempferol (8), kaempferol-3-O-alpha-L-arabinofuranoside (9), quercetin (10), quercetin-3-O-alpha-L-arabinofuranoside or avicularin (11), quercetin 3'-methyl ether, 3-O-alpha-L-arabinofuranoside (12), and maesopsin (13), were isolated from the bark of Berchemia floribunda. Their structures were determined by various NMR techniques and chemical studies. Compounds 3-13 were tested for their cytotoxic activity against human leukemia cells. Among them, kaempferol (8) and maesopsin (13) showed significant inhibitory activities against human leukemia cells CCRF-CEM and its multidrug-resistant sub-line, CEM/ADR5000, with IC(50) values of 14.0, 5.3, 10.2, and 12.3 microM, respectively.     

飞蛾藤中的新C30甾体类化合物

从毛叶飞蛾藤(Porana racemosa Roxb.)全草的95%乙醇提取物中分离并鉴定了11个化合物,其中一新的C30甾体化合物鉴定为(22E,24ξ)-24-正丙基胆甾-7,22-二烯-3β-醇(飞蛾藤素,1).其余10个已知化合物分别为东莨菪素(2)、东莨菪苷(3)、伞形华内酯(4)、β-D-甲基吡喃果糖苷(5)、丁香脂素4-O-β-D-吡喃葡萄糖苷(6)、斛皮素-3-O-β-D-吡喃葡萄糖苷(7)、斛皮素-3-O-α-L-吡喃鼠李糖苷(8)、异泽兰黄素(9)、山奈素-3-O-β-D-吡喃葡萄糖苷(10)和(E)-N-2-(2,3-二羟基苯基)乙基肉桂酰胺(11).     

Chemical constituents and biological activities of Senecio aegyptius var. discoideus Boiss

A new eremophilane sesquiterpene, 1-beta-hydroxy-8-oxoeremophila-7,9-dien-12-oic acid (1), in addition to two known flavonol glycosides, rutin (2) and quercetin-3-O-glucoside-7-O-rutinoside (3), was isolated from the ethyl acetate fraction obtained from the aqueous alcoholic extract of the aerial parts of Senecio aegyptius var. discoideus Boiss. (family Asteraceae). The chemical structures of the isolated compounds were established by 1D and 2D NMR analysis (1H, 13C, COSY, HMQC, HMBC), MS and UV data, and through comparison with the literature. The ethyl acetate fraction and the isolated rutin showed significant cytotoxic activity against colorectal carcinoma (HCT 116) and to less extent against brain (U 251) and breast carcinoma (MCF 7). The ethyl acetate fraction showed a significant level of activity against Klebsiella pneumoniae, while the total extract showed the best antifungal activity against Candida albicans and Saccharomyces cerevisiae. DPPH radical scavenging activity of the ethyl acetate fraction was significant (96.7%) when compared to ascorbic acid. It also showed anti-inflammatory activity but no diuretic effect.     

广藿香大极性化学成分的研究

从广藿香(Pogostemon cablin (Blance)Benth.)地上部分乙醇提取物的正丁醇萃取部位分离得到13个化合物.通过光谱和波谱分析,分别鉴定为:芹菜素(1)、3,5,4'-三羟基-7-甲氧基黄酮(2)、3,5-二羟基_4',7-二甲氧基黄酮(3)、Apigenin 7-galacturonide(4)、Apigenin 7-(O-methylghacuronide)(5),Luteolin 7-O-(6-O-methyl-β-D-glucuronopyranoside)(6),4',5-二羟基-3',7-二甲氧基二氢黄酮(7)、Quercetha-7-β-D-ghcoside(8),3,23-Dihydroxy-12-oleanen-28-oic acid(9)、Syringaresinol-β-D-glucoside(10),毛蕊花糖苷(11)、列当苷(12)、紫葳新苷(13),化合物2～13均为首次从该植物中分离得到.     

草果果实中的酚性成分

从草果（Amomum tsao-ko）果实的甲醇提取物中分离得到了9个酚性化合物,其中一个为新的糖基被酰化的酚性配糖体。用1D,2D NMR和MS等现代波谱学方法鉴定为2-甲氧基-1,4-二苯酚-1—0-[6-O-（3-甲氧基-4-羟基苯甲酰基）]-β-D-吡喃葡萄糖苷（1）。8个已知化合物分别为3’,5＇-二-C-β-D-吡喃葡萄糖基根皮素（2）、芦丁（3）、槲皮素-3-O-β-D-吡喃葡萄糖苷（4）、邻苯三酚（5）、邻苯二酚（6）、对羟基苯甲酸（7）、原儿茶酸（8）和香草酸（9）。化合物2,3,5,7—9均为首次从草果果实中分离得到。     

Study on the inhibitory effects of Korean medicinal plants and their main compounds on the 1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl radical

A 1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) radical-generating system was used to evaluate the antioxidant properties of Korean medicinal plants that have been used widely as folk medicines for several disorders, as well as compounds isolated from them. Among the Rosaceae, Rosa rugosa and Rosa davurica showed strong DPPH radical-scavenging activity. The most effective medicinal plant from families other than Rosaceae was Cedrela sinensis, followed in order by Nelumbo nucifera, Eucommia ulmoides, Zanthoxylum piperitum, Cudrania tricuspidata and Houttuynia cordata. These results serve as a good index of the free radical-scavenging activities of Korean medicinal plants. Furthermore, the polyphenols isolated from these plants, procyanidin B-3, (+)-catechin, gallic acid, methyl gallate, quercetin, quercetin-3-O-beta-D-glucoside, quercetin-3-O-beta-galactoside, quercetin-3-O-rutinose and kaempferol, exerted strong DPPH radical-scavenging activity. These results suggest that the Korean medicinal plants and the polyphenols isolated from them that exhibited effective radical-scavenging activity may be promising agents for scavenging free radicals and treating diseases associated with excess free radicals.     

Anaerobic Degradation of Flavonoids by Clostridium orbiscindens

An anaerobic, quercetin-degrading bacterium was isolated from human feces and identified as Clostridium orbiscindens by comparative 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis. The organism was tested for its ability to transform several flavonoids. The isolated C. orbiscindens strain converted quercetin and taxifolin to 3,4-dihydroxyphenylacetic acid; luteolin and eriodictyol to 3-(3,4-dihydroxyphenyl)propionic acid; and apigenin, naringenin, and phloretin to 3-(4-hydroxyphenyl)propionic acid, respectively. Genistein and daidzein were not utilized. The glycosidic bonds of luteolin-3-glucoside, luteolin-5-glucoside, naringenin-7-neohesperidoside (naringin), quercetin-3-glucoside, quercetin-3-rutinoside (rutin), and phloretin-2′-glucoside were not cleaved. Based on the intermediates and products detected, pathways for the degradation of the flavonol quercetin and the flavones apigenin and luteolin are proposed. To investigate the numerical importance of C. orbiscindens in the human intestinal tract, a species-specific oligonucleotide probe was designed and tested for its specificity. Application of the probe to fecal samples from 10 human subjects proved the presence of C. orbiscindens in 8 out of the 10 samples tested. The numbers ranged from 1.87 × 10⁸ to 2.50 × 10⁹ cells g of fecal dry mass⁻¹, corresponding to a mean count of 4.40 × 10⁸ cells g of dry feces⁻¹.     

盐地碱蓬的化学成分研究

采用硅胶、聚酰胺、Sephadex LH-20等色谱方法从盐地碱蓬乙醇提取液中分离得到6个化合物,分别鉴定为β-谷甾醇(1)、胡萝卜苷(2)、没食子酸(3)、槲皮素(4)、槲皮素-3-O--β-D-吡喃葡萄糖苷(5)和苯甲醇-β-D-吡喃糖苷(6).以上化合物均为首次从碱蓬属植物中分离得到.