吉林莫莫格国家级自然保护区的鸟类资源

2003年7月~2006年5月对吉林莫莫格国家级自然保护区的鸟类进行了调查,并结合历史文献,确认保护区有鸟类298种,其中非雀形目鸟类172种,雀形目鸟类126种。该保护区的鸟类以旅鸟和夏候鸟为主,占保护区鸟类总数的84%(旅鸟52%、夏候鸟32%、留鸟11%、冬候鸟5%)。在128种繁殖鸟类中,古北界种类占73.44%,东洋界种类占6.25%,广布种占20.31%,可见古北界种类占优势。在保护区内记录到国家Ⅰ、Ⅱ级重点保护鸟类50种。     

澳门鸟类资源调查报告

1989～2009年在澳门山林和沿海滩涂湿地对鸟类进行了调查和记录,共记录鸟类297种,加上文献中记录的3种,整理出澳门鸟类名录共300种,隶属17目56科.其中非雀形目有30科160种,占澳门鸟类总种数的53.33%;雀形目有26科140种,占澳门鸟类种数46.67%.就数量来看,澳门鸟类中的优势种有9种,常见种44种,偶见种96种,稀有种则有151种.白腹海雕Haliaeetus leucogaster属于国家Ⅰ级重点保护野生鸟类.属于国家Ⅱ级重点保护的鸟类有33种.澳门鸟类属于<濒危野生动植物种国际贸易公约,2007>公约附录Ⅰ的有游隼Falco peregrinus peregrinus、小青脚鹬Tringa guttifer和小杓鹬Numenius minutus 3种,属于公约附录Ⅱ的有29种.勺嘴鹬Eurynorhynchus pygmeus被世界自然保护联盟(2009)列入极危(CR)鸟类,黑脸琵鹭Platalea minor和小青脚鹬被列入濒危(EN)鸟类.易危(VU)鸟类有4种,近危(NT)鸟类有5种.本文成果可为今后长期监测和保护澳门鸟类资源提供依据.     

浙江七星列岛省级海洋特别保护区鸟类多样性

2012年11月—2013年9月对浙江沿海七星列岛省级海洋特别保护区的鸟类资源进行了调查,共记录到鸟类42种,隶属于6目17科28属,其中留鸟8种,占19.05%,夏候鸟10种,占23.81%,冬候鸟21种,占50.00%,旅鸟3种,占7.14%;从区系特征上看东洋种和古北种混杂分布,以东洋种为主;国家Ⅱ级重点保护动物3种,浙江省重点保护动物5种;列入濒危野生动植物种国际贸易公约附录Ⅰ1种和附录Ⅱ2种;列入《中国物种红色名录》濒危种类1种,易危种类1种,近危种类2种;中日候鸟保护协定种类21种,中澳候鸟保护协定种类6种。七星列岛地处太平洋西海岸,是迁飞候鸟的中间停歇站,具有非常重要的保护价值。     

广东新会小鸟天堂鸟类多样性及保护策略

通过小鸟天堂及其周边鸟类资源调查, 研究了小鸟天堂鸟类群落结构特征。结果表明 , 小鸟天堂共有鸟类 96种 , 隶属 14 目、 34 科、 68 属 , 其中以非雀形目鸟为主, 科、属、 种各占总数的 52.94%、 58.82%和 57.29%, 其科属多样性(DG-F=0.7625)大于雀形目鸟类(DG-F=0.7145)。鸟类优势种共 18 种 , 约占 18.75%, 以鹭鸟居多 , 3 种鹭科鸟类群落数量为 6040-6290 只之间 , 夜鹭数量最多 , 池鹭其次 , 白鹭相对较少。按居留型 , 留鸟和冬候鸟数量占优 , 各为51.04%和 40.63%; 区系特征表现为东洋界和古北界鸟类多 , 各占 45.83%和 41.67%。小鸟天堂内鸟类种数、物种多样性、科属多样性均大于东面英洲河沿岸和北面农业区 , 而相邻两处区域均以雀形目数量居多 , 说明小鸟天堂是该区域鸟类集中分布区 , 但相邻区域已不适合鹭鸟等非雀形目鸟类活动。通过鸟类群落特征及其分布特征的研究, 结合周边生境调查, 剖析小鸟天堂面临的环境问题, 并提出环保措施及建议。     

三江源国家公园鸟类物种多样性研究

三江源国家公园位于青藏高原腹地,是生物多样性最为集中的区域。为了系统掌握公园内的鸟类分布状况,2015—2017年,对三江源国家公园区域进行了长期的野外调查,结合文献资料,发现三江源国家公园内共分布野生鸟类196种,隶属于18目45科121属。各级保护鸟类59种,占公园鸟类总数的30.1%,其中,国家I级重点保护鸟类8种;国家II级重点保护鸟类27种;青海省级保护鸟类24种。另外,还有国家三有鸟类120种。根据中国物种红色名录,受威胁(濒危、易危和近危)物种有39种,占公园鸟类总数的19.9%。中国特有鸟类15种,占园区内鸟类总数的7.65%。在地理分布型上,三江源国家公园位于古北界青藏区,古北界物种有145种;东洋界物种有37种;广布种有14种。利用G-F指数对物种多样性进行评估,三江源国家公园鸟类的G-F指数为0.825,表明公园内的鸟类物种多样性处于较高水平。长江源园区、澜沧江源园区和黄河源园区的平均动物区系相似性结果表明,三个园区之间动物区系关系均为密切关系。三江源国家公园鸟类物种多样性高、特有种及珍稀濒危物种丰富,具有极高的保护价值和意义。     

河南安阳平原农耕区鸟类区系及多样性

2009年7月～2011年8月对河南安阳平原农耕区鸟类进行了调查,共记录到鸟类109种,隶属13目33科,其中雀形目鸟类59种,占鸟种总数的54.1%;留鸟30种,占总种数的28.4%;夏候鸟33种,占总种数的30.3%;冬候鸟8种,占6.4%;旅鸟38种,占34.9%。在生境分布上,以村庄农田鸟类种类最多,其次是林地果园,鸟种最少的是河流水域。在调查研究的基础上提出了鸟类保护的一些建议。     

杭州湾及钱塘江河口南岸滨海湿地鸟类群落多样性及其对滩涂围垦的响应

为了解杭州湾及钱塘江河口区域围垦过程中多种人工湿地对于鸟类的作用及在快速的土地利用方式转变过程中鸟类的响应过程,2008年11月至2011年9月,作者对上虞曹娥江口至镇海甬江口沿岸滨海湿地鸟类资源进行调查,共记录鸟类16目52科220种,其中候鸟173种,占总数的78.6％,属于国家Ⅰ、Ⅱ级重点保护野生动物的24种.对研究区域的8种生境的鸟类群落组成、多样性及相似性进行了比较.结果表明,记录物种数较多的生境依次为芦苇水塘(95种,占总数的43.2％)、海涂林地(93种,占总数的42.3％)、自然潮间带和海涂水库(均为78种,各占总数的35.5％),其他生境的物种数均不少于67种(占总数的30.5％以上);从不同鸟类类群的分布看,82.5％的鸻鹬类分布在自然潮间带,69.2％的雁形目鸟类出现在海涂水库,73.4％的雀形目鸟类分布在海涂林地,海涂林地也是大量鹭鸟的繁殖场所;与自然潮间带相似性系数最高的生境依次为围垦滞留区、海涂水库和芦苇水塘,相似性系数分别为0.56、0.34和0.30;从整体上看,海涂林地和海涂水库的鸟类群落G-F指数最高,自然潮间带最低,但水鸟G-F指数最高的生境类型依次为围垦滞留区、海涂水库和自然潮间带.围垦是目前对杭州湾鸟类动态影响最大的人为干扰活动,适度围垦和合理的垦后土地利用方式可能提高整个区域的鸟类多样性水平.为了有效保护杭州湾鸟类多样性尤其是依赖自然潮间带的鸟类多样性,应加强对滩涂资源的保护与可持续利用;在滩涂围垦过程中应尽量保留足够数量和面积的高潮停歇地;同时,加强对围垦滞留区的水位管理,并注重营造适合鸟类栖息的类型多样的围区人工湿地系统.     

牡丹江城市鸟类调查

2004年5月至2009年4月对牡丹江城市鸟类进行调查,共记录鸟类91种,隶属14目31科,占全国鸟类总种数的7.69%.说明牡丹江地区鸟类资源比较丰富,其丰富度指数1.967,均匀度指数0.653 8,Shannon-Wiener指数2.949.记录的91种鸟中留鸟26种,夏候鸟53种,冬候鸟3种,旅鸟9种,分别占总数28.6%、58.2%、3.3%、和9.9%.在居留型上,主要以夏候鸟为主.在区系组成上,东洋种5种,占5.5%,古北种54种,占59.3%,广布种32种,占35.2%,以古北种为主.记录到的91种鸟类中包括松雀鹰(Accipiter virgatus)、苍鹰(A.gentilis)等8种国家Ⅱ级保护野生动物.在所调查的鸟类中雀形目鸟类最多,15科52种.     

四川荥经大相岭繁殖期鸟类多样性与群落结构

经过4年8次野外系统调查并综合有关文献,四川荥经大相岭分布有鸟类18目62科302种;其中留鸟189种(62.6%),夏候鸟65种(21.5%),冬候鸟28种(9.3%),旅鸟20种(6.6%);东洋界物种187种(61.9%),古北界物种85种(28.2%),广布种30种(9.9%);雀形目Passeriformes鸟类214种(70.9%);繁殖鸟类254种(84.1%)。国家一级重点保护鸟类8种,国家二级重点保护鸟类43种;CITES附录Ⅰ鸟类2种,附录Ⅱ鸟类26种;世界自然保护联盟濒危物种红色名录濒危(EN)1种、易危(VU)4种、近危(NT)5种、未认可(NR)4种;中国特有种15种。实际调查的145种鸟类中,常见种24种,稀有种81种,罕见种40种。荥经大相岭鸟类丰富度垂直分布格局呈中峰模式,在中海拔1 580～1 920 m物种丰富度最高。9种生境类型中针阔混交林生境的鸟类物种数最多,水域生境中物种数最低。生境分析结果表明,人工林与针阔混交林的鸟类群落相似性最高,居民区与水域的相似性最低。研究更新了大相岭近10年来的鸟类资料,为该区鸟类多样性保护提供了科学参考。     

四川唐家河自然保护区鸟类资源

唐家河自然保护区的鸟类已知有204种,分隶于13目40科,占四川省鸟类615种的33%.古北种87种占种数的43%、东洋种90种占种数的44%、广布种27种占种数的13%.特产种27种占全国特产鸟类98种的28%、占四川省特产鸟类59种的46%.国家一级保护鸟类有4种、二级保护有26种,四川省重点保护鸟类有2种,我国和日本国候鸟协定保护的鸟类有22种.区内鸟类生物多样性十分丰富,是候鸟迁徙的重要途经地和停歇地,有候鸟81种,占种数的40%,在鸟类组成中占有比较重要的地位.     

Role for dopamine in malonate-induced damage in vivo in striatum and in vitro in mesencephalic cultures

Defects in mitochondrial energy metabolism have been implicated in the pathology of several neurodegenerative disorders. In addition, the reactive metabolites generated from the metabolism and oxidation of the neurotransmitter dopamine (DA) are thought to contribute to the damage to neurons of the basal ganglia. We have previously demonstrated that infusions of the metabolic inhibitor malonate into the striata of mice or rats produce degeneration of DA nerve terminals. In the present studies, we demonstrate that an intrastriatal infusion of malonate induces a substantial increase in DA efflux in awake, behaving mice as measured by in vivo microdialysis. Furthermore, pretreatment of mice with tetrabenazine (TBZ) or the TBZ analogue Ro 4-1284 (Ro-4), compounds that reversibly inhibit the vesicular storage of DA, attenuates the malonate-induced DA efflux as well as the damage to DA nerve terminals. Consistent with these findings, the damage to both DA and GABA neurons in mesencephalic cultures by malonate exposure was attenuated by pretreatment with TBZ or Ro-4. Treatment with these compounds did not affect the formation of free radicals or the inhibition of oxidative phosphorylation resulting from malonate exposure alone. Our data suggest that DA plays an important role in the neurotoxicity produced by malonate. These findings provide direct evidence that inhibition of succinate dehydrogenase causes an increase in extracellular DA levels and indicate that bioenergetic defects may contribute to the pathogenesis of chronic neurodegenerative diseases through a mechanism involving DA.     

Changes in lactate dehydrogenase activity in chicken tissues in hyperthyreosis in ontogenesis

The lactate dehydrogenase activity in reactions of lactate oxidation and synthesis was studied in subfractions of the chicken brain, heart and liver at the embryonal, early postembryonal and adult stages of development after thyroxine administration. It has been shown that during embryogenesis thyroxine predominantly enhanced the rate of lactate oxidation in the mitochondrial tissues. A marked increase in the lactate synthesis was found in cytoplasm of the adult chicken tissues. Specificity of enzyme activity alterations was detected in the chicken brain during ontogenesis after thyroxine administration.     

Scurvy in capybaras bred in captivity in Argentine

In order to determine if the absence of vitamin C in the diet of capybaras (Hydrochoerus hydrochaeris) causes scurvy, a group of seven young individuals were fed food pellets without ascorbic acid, while another group of eight individuals received the same food with 1 g of ascorbic acid per animal per day. Animals in the first group developed signs of scurvy-like gingivitis, breaking of the incisors and death of one animal. Clinical signs appeared between 25 and 104 days from the beginning of the trial in all individuals. Growth rates of individuals deprived of vitamin C was considerably less than those observed in the control group. Deficiency of ascorbic acid had a severe effect on reproduction of another population of captive capybaras. We found that the decrease in ascorbic acid content in the diet affected pregnancy, especially during the first stages. The results obtained suggest that it is necessary to supply a suitable quantity of vitamin C in the diet of this species in captivity.     

SSTR5 ablation in islet results in alterations in glucose homeostasis in mice

Somatostatin (SST) peptide is a potent inhibitor of insulin secretion and its effect is mediated via somatostatin receptor 5 (SSTR5) in the endocrine pancreas. To investigate the consequences of gene ablation of SSTR5 in the mouse pancreas, we have generated a mouse model in which the SSTR5 gene was specifically knocked down in the pancreatic beta cells (betaSSTR5Kd) using the Cre-lox system. Immunohistochemistry analysis showed that SSTR5 gene expression was absent in beta cells at three months of age. At the time of gene ablation, betaSSTR5Kd mice demonstrated glucose intolerance with lack of insulin response and significantly reduced serum insulin levels. Insulin tolerance test demonstrated a significant increase of insulin clearance in vivo at the same age. In vitro studies demonstrated an absence of response to SST-28 stimulation in the betaSSTR5Kd mouse islet, which was associated with a significantly reduced SST expression level in betaSSTR5Kd mice pancreata. In addition, betaSSTR5Kd mice had significantly reduced serum glucose levels and increased serum insulin levels at 12 months of age. Glucose tolerance test at an older age also indicated a persistently higher insulin level in betaSSTR5Kd mice. Further studies of betaSSTR5Kd mice had revealed elevated serum C-peptide levels at both 3 and 12 months of age, suggesting that these mice are capable of producing and releasing insulin to the periphery. These results support the hypothesis that SSTR5 plays a pivotal role in the regulation of insulin secretion in the mouse pancreas.     

Polymorphism in Cepaea Hortensis in marginal populations in Spain

Cepaea hortensis (Mull) is found in Spain only in the western part of the Iberian mountain range. This is the southernmost limit of its range. The most frequent colour is yellow, brown being very rare. The most frequent band patterns are 12345, fused banded and unbanded. There are associations between maximum and minimum temperatures and pink and effectively unbanded yellow phenotypes. The populations may be grouped into two zones, one located in the north and the other in the south of the sampled area. Visual predation was not observed. The marginal populations studied by us were compared with others from Northern Europe, and it was observed that pink snails are more frequent at the southern limit, and unbanded ones at the northern limit. This was interpreted as a climatic selection.