New or little-known species of exotic Tipulidae (Diptera). XVIII

Eight new species of the Limoniine genus Antocha Osten Sacken are described, all from Kumaon and Assam, India.     

DNA cloning demonstrates high genetic heterogeneity in populations of the subaerial green alga Trentepohlia (Trentepohliales,Chlorophyta)

Mats of the green alga Trentepohlia, a genus widely distributed in the tropics as well as temperate regions, have always been perceived as homogeneous (i.e., formed by only one species). As such, their general nature and specific feature play a supportive role in the species delimitation. However, the presence of morphologically dissimilar thalli was observed under the light microscope and when cultivating a piece of a single mat. To address this, we performed DNA cloning of the rbcL gene on mat fragments of T. abietina, T. annulata, T. jolithus and T. umbrina sampled in Europe to reveal if they are composed of one or more species. We revealed that more Trentepohlia haplotypes may coexist in a single mat. In consideration of this, we conclude that the use of material isolated in unialgal culture will be almost mandatory for a taxonomic reassessment of this complicated genus. Another direct implication of this problem is that herbarium specimens consisting of field‐collected material should not be used for direct sequencing. We further hypothesize the reasons why multiple haplotypes of Trentepohlia occur more frequently in the tuft‐like mats. Possibly, fragments and/or cells of other microalgae, including other species of Trentepohlia, might be retained in such mats more easily than in the crustose trentepohlialean mats.     

华西南毛茛科六新种和二新变种

该文描述了自华西南东部发现的毛茛科翠雀属2新种和1新变种、唐松草属1新种、银莲花属1新种和1新变种,以及毛茛属2新种。     

华西南毛茛科六新种和二新变种

该文描述了自华西南东部发现的毛茛科翠雀属2新种和1新变种、唐松草属1新种、银莲花属1新种和1新变种,以及毛茛属2新种。     

Biochemical characterization of carotenoids in two species of <Emphasis Type="Italic">Trentepohlia</Emphasis> (Trentepohliales,Chlorophyta)

Two species of Trentepohlia, i.e., Trentepohlia aurea and Trentepohlia cucullata were collected from walls and tree bark, respectively, at two different seasons in a year. The total carotenoid content in both the species is very high during winter but decreases significantly during summer. By spectroscopic analysis, it was found that. T. aurea and T. cucullata growing in natural habitats are rich sources of carotenoids. The individual carotenoids were separated, identified, and estimated by HPLC, and identified as β-carotene along with some other carotenoids, i.e., neoxanthin, lutein, β-cryptoxanthin, β,γ-carotene, β,ε-carotene (absent during summer).     

四川毛茛属五新种和一新变种,其中一新种代表一新组

该文描述了自四川西部发现的毛茛科毛茛属五新种.其中:三新种,即石棉毛茛(Ranunculus shimianensis)、细叉叶毛茛(R.tenuifurcatus)和细裂叶毛茛(R.perdissectus)隶属于美丽毛茛组(Sect.Auricomus);第四新种,即泸定毛茛(R.ludingensis)隶属于毛茛...     

The genus Gymnoascus Baranetzky

Summary The genusGymnoascus Baranetzky is monographed and found to include five valid species including one previously recognized species,G. reessii, one new combination,G. johnstoni, two new species,G. longitrichus andG. corniculatus, and a species originally described as aGymnoascus but included inMyxotrichum since 1893,G. uncinatus. Twenty species previously described as belonging toGymnoascus are excluded from the genus or are considered as doubtful representatives.Supported in part by Botany Department Research Grant # 1344, University of California, Los Angeles, California.     

隔指孢属分类评述及其一新种

本文报道了隔指孢属(Dactylella Grove)一新种—云南隔指孢(D. yunnanensis);并对隔指孢属的分类进行了评述;重新修订了隔指孢属的特征。列出了捕食和非捕食种类共计34种。其中包括了6个新组合,并制作了检索表。     

Notes on taxonomy and new taxa of Aspidistra (Ruscaceae) in the flora of Laos and Vietnam

One new species of Aspidistra, i.e. A. nutans, and one new variety, i.e. A. tillichiana var. latifolia, recently discovered in Vietnam are described and illustrated. In addition, the rank of species is proposed for A. formosa widely distributed in northern Vietnam but originally described as a variety of A. fungilliformis. Aspidistra subrotata is recorded as a new species for the flora of Laos. Data on ecology, phenology, natural variation, distribution and expected conservation status are provided for these plants.     

An up-date of Verster's (1969) `Taxonomic revision of the genus Taenia Linnaeus' (Cestoda) in table format

The paper `A taxonomic revision of the genus Taenia Linnaeus, 1758 s. str.' (Verster, 1969) gives concise characterisations, together with drawings of rostellar hooks and the terminal genital organs, of the 32 Taenia species and three subspecies which this author found to be valid. Yet, it is hardly possible to quickly identify a questionable species or to readily access information on their hosts, geographical range and synonyms. The present paper compiles these data and additional information on larval characteristics into tables. Measurements and numbers of hooks are shown using a graph. Additional data are included from authors not mentioned by Verster and for seven new species (T. dinniki, T. jaipurensis, T. kotlani, T. madoquae, T. saigoni and T. simbae), two re-validated species (T. krepkogorski, T. retracta) and two subspecies (T. polyacantha arctica and T. saginata asiatica) described since 1969. Reasons for rejecting one new species and one new subspecies are given. A table of definitive hosts and the Taenia species occurring in them is also included, as is one of synonyms from 1850 onwards. A good procedure for the staining and mounting of cestodes is described.     

紫草科新分类群

描述了中国横断山区紫草科滇紫草属一新种和一新变型,附地菜属一新种和一新变种,微孔草属2新种和齿缘草属1新种。     

Phragmoplastins,the Trentepohliales,and the Evolution of the Cytokinesis in Green Plants

Representatives of the monophyletic Trentepohliales are widely distributed in the tropics, subtropics, and temperate regions worldwide. They grow in soil, or are epilithic, epiphytic or endophytic. The family comprises approximately 70 species placed in at least four genera (Trentepohlia, Cephaleuros, Phycopeltis and Stomatochroon), with Trentepohlia sensu lato (including Printzina and Physolinum) accounting for half of the species in this family. PCR amplification and sequencing of the 18 SSU rDNA of 18 isolates of the Trentepohliaceae were used to assess the monophyly of the genus Cephaleuros and to determine the phylogenetic relationships among species of Trentepohlia sensu lato. Distance, Parsimony, and Maximum Likelihood analyses indicate that Trentepohlia sensu lato is basal and includes two species recently transferred to Phycopeltis (P. umbrina) and Printzina (P. lagenifera). In contrast, Cephaleuros is a derived monophyletic clade. Analysis of isolates of C. virescens, from the USA, Taiwan, and South Africa indicate that this taxon may consist of different species sharing a convergent morphology. The results of this study have implications for the taxonomy of the genera.     

Revision of New Zealand Orthotylinae (Insecta: Hemiptera: Miridae)

Abstract

Six genera and 11 species of Orthotylinae are now known from New Zealand. Zanchius Distant is newly recorded. One new genus, Tridiplous, and seven new species of endemic New Zealand Orthotylini are described and illustrated. Four new species are described in Tridiplous: T. burrus, T. parvapiatus, T. penmani, and T. virens, and three new species are described in Zanchius: Z. ater, Z. rubicrux, and Z. totus. Keys are provided to identify New Zealand taxa of the tribes of Orthotylinae, genera and species of Halticini, genera of Orthotylini, and species of Tridiplous and Zanchius. The bugs are illustrated with colour habitus photos, and drawings including male and female genitalia. Economic importance is discussed.     

Revision of the genus Thambemyia Oldroyd (Diptera: Dolichopodidae) with description of a new subgenus

The genus Thambemyia Oldroyd is revised. Five species are recognized. Three new species –T. bisetosa, T. bruneiensis and T. hui– are described, and T. pagdeni Oldroyd, 1956 is redescribed. A new subgenus is founded for one new Japanese species, T. (Prothambemyia) japonica. A key to all known species of the genus is provided. Their distributions are also discussed.     

DIVERSITY,LIFE HISTORY,AND ECOLOGY OF TRENTEPOHLIA AND PRINTZINA (TRENTEPOHLIALES,CHLOROPHYTA) IN URBAN HABITATS IN WESTERN IRELAND 1

On the basis of field and culture investigations, five species of the genera Trentepohlia and Printzina were found to occur in urban habitats in western Ireland: Trentepohlia abietina (Flotow) Hansgirg, T. aurea (Linnaeus) Martius, T. iolithus (Linnaeus) Wallroth, T. cf. umbrina (Kützing) Bornet, and Printzina lagenifera (Hildebrandt) Thompson et Wujek. These species formed perennial populations on a variety of substrata. T. abietina occurred on bark of trees; T. cf. umbrina occurred on stone walls; and P. lagenifera grew on several substrata, mainly cement and asbestos sheeting. T. aurea and T. iolithus were found on old concrete and cement walls; in particular, the latter species formed characteristic, extensive, deep‐red patches on many buildings. In culture, best growth and reproduction of these species were observed at 10 and 15° C, 16:8 h light:dark. Both in culture and in the field, reproduction took place by release of biflagellate swarmers behaving as asexual spores, germinating to produce new plants without any evidence of sexual fusion; release of biflagellate swarmers in the field was generally observed in all seasons throughout a whole annual cycle. Confirmation of the occurrence of sexual reproduction in Trentepohlia was not obtained.     

New England Coelogynoporidae

Eleven species of the proseriate turbellarian family Coelogynoporidae have been encountered between Cape Cod, Mass. and the southern shore-line of New Brunswick, Canada. The distributions of Coelogynopora schultzii, C. biarmata and Cirrifera cirrifera are reported. Four new species belonging to the genus Coelogynopora, one new species of Cirrifera and a species belonging to a new genus are described. Two species remain undescribed. Biological observations on a laboratory-reared colony of C. biarmata maintained since 1978 are reported.