糖皮质激素对大叶性肺炎患儿血清TNF-α、IL-6、IL-8水平的影响

目的:探究糖皮质激素对大叶性肺炎患儿血清TNF-α、IL-6、IL-8水平的影响。方法:选取2014年3月至2014年8月我院收治的大叶性肺炎患儿60例,并将其随机分为对照组和实验组。对照组30例,给抗炎、退热、镇咳、平喘等临床常规治疗;实验组30例,在与对照组相同治疗的基础上加用糖皮质激素联合治疗。治疗结束后,比较两组患儿治疗前后血清TNF-α、IL-6、IL-8水平的变化。结果:治疗前,两组患儿的血清TNF-α、IL-6、IL-8水平比较均无统计学差异(P均0.05);治疗后,两组患儿的血清TNF-α、IL-6、IL-8水平均较治疗前显著降低(P均0.05),且实验组患儿的血清TNF-α、IL-6、IL-8水平均显著低于对照组,差异均有统计学意义(P均0.05)。结论:糖皮质激素辅助治疗可降低大叶性肺炎患儿血清TNF-α、IL-6、IL-8的水平,这可能是其治疗儿童大叶性肺炎的药理学作用之一。     

多索茶碱注射液对急性支气管哮喘患者血清IL-18，IL-33及TNF-α水平的影响

目的:探究多索茶碱注射液对支气管哮喘急性发作的治疗效果及对血清白细胞介素-18(IL-18)、白细胞介素-33(IL-33)、肿瘤坏死因子-α(TNF-α)的影响。方法:100例支气管哮喘急性发作患者参照抽签法分作对照组与实验组,对照组采用氨茶碱治疗,实验组采用多索茶碱注射液治疗,观察两组疗效,喘息缓解时间、哮鸣音缓解时间、咳嗽缓解时间,IL-18、IL-33、TNF-α,内皮素(ET)、一氧化碳(NO),NK细胞、CD3~+、CD4~+、CD8~+、CD4~+/CD8~+,最大呼气流量(PEF),用力肺活量(FVC),安全性。结果:实验组总有效率高于对照组(P0.05)。实验组喘息缓解时间、哮鸣音缓解时间、咳嗽缓解时间优于对照组(P0.05)。治疗后,两组IL-18、IL-33、TNF-α、ET、CD8+均降低,实验组低于对照组,两组NO、NK细胞、CD3~+、CD4~+、CD4~+/CD8~+、PEF、FVC均上升,实验组高于对照组,差异均有统计学意义(P0.05)。实验组不良反应率低于对照组(P0.05)。结论:多索茶碱注射液对支气管哮喘急性发作的临床效果肯定,降低血清IL-18、IL-33、TNF-α水平,同时能够利于血管内皮功能、肺功能、免疫功能的改善。     

阿奇霉素联合糖皮质激素治疗重症支原体肺炎患儿的临床效果分析

目的:分析阿奇霉素联合糖皮质激素治疗重症支原体肺炎患儿的临床效果及安全性。方法:选择112例重症支原体肺炎患儿并通过抽签法分为对照组与观察组,每组各56例。对照组予以阿奇霉素治疗,观察组在对照组基础上加用糖皮质激素治疗。观察并比较两组患儿治疗前后血沉(ESR)、血清乳酸脱氢酶(LDH)、同工酶MB(CK-MB)、肌酸激酶(CK)、谷草转氨酶(AST)、C反应蛋白(CRP)、白细胞介素-6(IL-6)、肿瘤坏死因子-α(TNF-α)水平、CD4~+及CD8~+,临床疗效及不良反应的发生情况。结果:观察组有效率为96.4%,显著高于对照组(82.1%),差异有统计学意义(P0.05)。治疗后,两组ESR、血清LDH、CK-MB、CK、AST、CRP、IL-6、TNF-α水平及CD8~+均较治疗前显著降低,且观察组以上指标均明显低于对照组;两组CD4~+均较治疗前明显上升,且观察组显著高于对照组,差异均有统计学意义(P0.05)。观察组退热、咳嗽缓解、肺部湿啰音消失时间均明显短于对照组(P0.05)。两组不良反应的发生情况比较差异无统计学意义(P0.05)。结论:阿奇霉素联合糖皮质激素治疗小儿重症支原体肺炎的临床效果明显优于单用阿奇霉素治疗,可有效减轻心肌损伤和炎症反应,并提高患儿免疫功能,且安全性高。     

板蓝根联合阿奇霉素对小儿支原体肺炎血清炎症因子影响

目的:探究板蓝根联合阿奇霉素对小儿支原体肺炎患者血清中TNF-α、IL-6、IL-8和IL-10浓度的影响。方法:选择2014年1月-2014年12月在我院接受治疗的患儿80例,均确诊为支原体肺炎,按随机数字表分为实验组和对照组。对照组给予阿奇霉素粉针剂与阿奇霉素治疗。实验组在对照组基础上给予板蓝根提取液治疗。观察并比较两组治疗前后外周血TNF-α,IL-6,IL-8及IL-10水平的变化情况及疗效与不良反应发生率。结果:实验组的临床治疗的总有效率较高(P0.05);治疗后两组促炎因子TNF-α、IL-6、IL-8水平均明显下降(P0.05),与对照组相比,实验组TNF-α、IL-6、IL-8水平较低(P0.05);治疗后两组患儿血清抗炎因子IL-10水平均下降(P0.05),与对照组相比,实验组IL-10较低(P0.05);与对照组相比,实验组不良反应发生率较低(P0.05)。结论:板蓝根联合阿奇霉素能够明显降低小儿支原体肺炎患者血清中TNF-α、IL-6、IL-8和IL-10的浓度,提高治疗效果,对临床有指导意义。     

喜炎平注射液联合阿奇霉素序贯疗法对肺炎支气管肺炎患者血清IL-33、IL-6及TNF-α水平的影响

目的:探讨喜炎平注射液联合阿奇霉素序贯疗法对肺炎支气管肺炎患者血清白介素-6(IL-6)、白介素-33(IL-33)、肿瘤坏死因子-α(TNF-α)水平的影响。方法:收集我院就诊或住院治疗的840例支气管肺炎患者,随机分为实验组和对照组,每组420例。对照组患者给予阿奇霉素治疗。实验组在对照组基础上给予喜炎平静脉滴注治疗。观察并比较两组患者血清白介素-6(IL-6)、白介素-33(IL-33)、肿瘤坏死因子-α(TNF-α)水平以及临床疗效。结果:与治疗前相比,两组患者治疗后血清IL-6、IL-33、TNF-α水平均显著下降(P0.05);与对照组相比,实验组患者的血清IL-6、IL-33、TNF-α水平较低(P0.05),临床治疗有效率较高(P0.05)。结论:喜炎平注射液联合阿奇霉素序贯疗法能够提高肺炎支气管肺炎患者的临床疗效,可能与其降低患者血清IL-33、IL-6及TNF-α水平有关。     

醒脑静注射液对老年肺炎支原体肺炎患者血清TNF-α、CRP水平及免疫功能的影响

目的:探讨醒脑静注射液对老年肺炎支原体肺炎患者血清肿瘤坏死因子-α(TNF-α)、C-反应蛋白(CRP)水平及免疫功能影响。方法:收集我院收治的老年肺炎支原体肺炎患者80例,随机分为实验组和对照组。对照组予阿奇霉素治疗,实验组在对照组基础上加用醒脑静注射液。分别于治疗前、治疗后测定和比较两组血清TNF-α、CRP、CD3~+、CD4~+、CD8~+水平,并对比较两组患者咳嗽、头痛、发热等症状及X线检查肺部阴影消失时间。结果:1治疗后,两组患者血清TNF-α、CRP水平均下降,实验组比对照组下降更明显;CD3~+、CD4~+均上升,CD8~+均下降,实验组较对照组上升及下降均更明显,差异有统计学意义(P0.05);2治疗后,实验组咳嗽、头痛、X线肺部阴影等各症状及体征消失时间均明显短于对照组,差异有统计学意义(P0.05)。结论:醒脑静注射液可显著降低老年肺炎支原体肺炎患者血清TNF-α、CRP水平,调节机体细胞免疫功能,显著改善患者的症状及体征。     

维生素A辅助治疗儿童支气管哮喘的临床疗效及其对血清炎症因子和T淋巴细胞水平的影响

目的：探讨维生素A在辅助治疗儿童支气管哮喘中,对临床疗效、血清炎症因子,以及T淋巴细胞水平的影响。方法：收集2020年2月—2021年2月在我院收治的98例支气管哮喘患儿为研究对象,按照随机数字表随机均分为观察组和对照组各49例,2组患者间性别、年龄、病程、疾病程度无差异,具有可比性。对照组患儿给予沙丁胺醇气雾剂和布地奈德吸入气雾剂常规治疗,观察组患儿在给予常规治疗的基础上,每天给予维生素A辅助治疗,2组患儿均接受为期3个月的治疗。观察并比较2组患儿治疗前后肺功能指标第1秒用力呼气容积（FEV1）、用力肺活量（FVC）及FEV1/FVC%,患儿咳嗽、喘息、肺部啰音等症状和体征消失的时间差异;比较2组患儿治疗前后血清炎症因子白细胞介素-6（IL-6）、白细胞介素-8（IL-8）和肿瘤坏死因子-α（TNF-α）水平,以及T淋巴细胞亚群CD4+、CD8+水平变化情况。结果：经维生素A辅助治疗后,患儿咳嗽、喘息和肺部啰音消失时间均短于对照组患儿,FEV1、FVC和FEV1/FVC改善情况更为显著,差异均有统计学意义（P<0.05）。且维生素A辅助治疗组患儿血清IL-6、IL-8和TNF-α降低水平均高于对照组患儿,血清CD4+增高水平、CD8+下降水平和CD4+/CD8+增高水平均高于对照组患儿,差异有统计学意义（P<0.05）。结论：维生素A辅助治疗儿童支气管哮喘临床疗效显著,可有效缩短咳嗽、喘息、肺部啰音等症状消失时间,改善患儿肺功能,降低血清炎症因子水平,改善T细胞水平,促进支气管哮喘患儿康复。     

玉屏风颗粒联合重组人干扰素α-1b雾化吸入治疗对反复呼吸道感染患儿炎性因子和T细胞亚群的影响

目的:探讨在重组人干扰素α-1b雾化吸入治疗的基础上加用玉屏风颗粒对反复呼吸道感染(RRTI)患儿炎性因子和T细胞亚群的影响。方法:将我院于2018年3月~2020年2月期间收治的RRTI患儿180例根据信封抽签法分为对照组(n=90)和实验组(n=90),均给予止咳、退热、平喘、抗感染等常规治疗的基础上,对照组患儿予以重组人干扰素α-1b雾化吸入治疗,实验组患儿则在对照组的基础上联合玉屏风颗粒治疗,比较两组患儿疗效、症状消失时间、炎性因子、T细胞亚群和不良反应。结果:实验组治疗3周后的临床总有效率为91.11%(82/90)高于对照组的78.89%(71/90)(P<0.05)。实验组肺部啰音、发热、喘息、咳嗽症状消失时间较对照组短(P<0.05)。两组治疗3周后血清白介素-6(IL-6)、肿瘤坏死因子-α(TNF-α)、白介素-10(IL-10)水平均下降,且实验组低于对照组(P<0.05)。两组治疗3周后CD8⁺较治疗前降低,且实验组低于对照组(P<0.05);CD4⁺/CD8⁺、CD3⁺、CD4⁺均较治疗前升高,且实验组高于对照组(P<0.05)。比较两组不良反应发生率未见统计学差异(P>0.05)。结论:玉屏风颗粒联合重组人干扰素α-1b雾化吸入治疗RRTI患儿,可迅速改善患儿临床症状、T细胞亚群以及炎性因子水平,且不增加不良反应发生率,疗效令人满意。     

糖皮质激素对大叶性肺炎患儿血清TNF-alpha、IL-6、IL-8水平的影响

目的：探究糖皮质激素对大叶性肺炎患儿血清TNF-alpha、IL-6、IL-8 水平的影响。方法：选取2014 年3 月至2014 年8月我院收 治的大叶性肺炎患儿60 例,并将其随机分为对照组和实验组。对照组30 例,给抗炎、退热、镇咳、平喘等临床常规治疗;实验组30 例,在与对照组相同治疗的基础上加用糖皮质激素联合治疗。治疗结束后,比较两组患儿治疗前后血清TNF-alpha、IL-6、IL-8 水平的 变化。结果：治疗前,两组患儿的血清TNF-alpha、IL-6、IL-8 水平比较均无统计学差异(P 均>0.05);治疗后,两组患儿的血清TNF- alpha、 IL-6、IL-8 水平均较治疗前显著降低(P 均<0.05),且实验组患儿的血清TNF-alpha、IL-6、IL-8 水平均显著低于对照组,差异均有统计 学意义(P 均<0.05)。结论：糖皮质激素辅助治疗可降低大叶性肺炎患儿血清TNF-alpha、IL-6、IL-8 的水平,这可能是其治疗儿童大叶 性肺炎的药理学作用之一。     

腹腔镜与开腹胃癌根治术治疗胃癌患者的疗效及对免疫功能和炎性因子的影响

目的:探讨不同手术方式治疗胃癌患者的疗效及对免疫功能和炎性因子的影响。方法:选择2015年1月-2018年4月我院收治的择期行根治性切除术胃癌患者236例,根据不同的手术方式分为对照组(n=107)和实验组(n=129),对照组实施传统开腹胃癌根治术,实验组实施腹腔镜胃癌根治术。观察两组患者各项临床症状及并发症发生情况,比较两组患者术前、术后1 d、术后7 d免疫功能和炎性因子水平。结果:与对照组相比,实验组患者的手术时间明显升高,而其他临床症状指标以及并发症发生率显著下降(P0.05),两组淋巴结清除数目比较无统计学差异(P0.05)。两组患者术后1 d的IL-6、TNF-α、CRP水平均明显高于术前,但实验组低于对照组(P0.05)。术后7 d,对照组IL-6、TNF-α、CRP水平仍高于术前(P0.05),但实验组TNF-α、CRP水平与术前比较无统计学差异(P0.05),同时实验组IL-6、TNF-α、CRP水平均显著低于对照组(P0.05)。术后1 d、7 d,两组CD3~+、CD4~+、CD4~+/CD8~+均低于术前,CD8~+高于术前,且实验组CD3~+、CD4~+、CD4~+/CD8~+高于对照组,CD8~+低于对照组(P0.05)。结论:与传统开腹胃癌根治术比较,腹腔镜胃癌根治术治疗胃癌患者疗效更好,可减轻炎性反应,对患者的免疫功能影响较小,安全可靠。     

Antibiotics in the treatment of wounds in the victims of the earthquake in the Armenian SSR

Purulent wounds in 88 victims of the Armenian earthquake with the syndrome of long-term squeezing were examined microbiologically and the experience with using antimicrobial drugs for their treatment was analyzed. In all the cases microbial associations were detected, coliform and nonfermenting gram-negative bacilli, enterococci, anaerobes and yeast-like fungi being isolated from 80, 20, 15 and 25 per cent of the patients respectively. 130 bacterial strains were studied in detail. 80 to 100 per cent of the bacterial isolates were resistant to the antibiotics routinely used in surgical practice, i.e. benzylpenicillin, tetracycline, levomycetin, kanamycin, cephalothin and cefazolin and highly sensitive to new antimicrobial drugs belonging to ureidopenicillins (mezlocillin), quinolones (ciprofloxacin) and cephalosporins of the 3rd generation (cefoperazone and ceftazidime). Retrospective estimation of the antibiotic therapy revealed its inadequacy in 55.7 per cent of the patients for the most part because of the isolates resistance. The 19 variants of the antibiotic use prescribed by the physicians mainly included penicillins, aminoglycosides and their combinations (in 67.2 per cent of the cases). The use of the highly efficient drugs of the groups of ureidopenicillins and quinolones was extremely rare which was likely due to lacking of information on the drugs.     

Histogenesis of the taste buds of the vallate papilla in the in the rat in the postnatal stages of development

The developing taste buds of vallate papillae were studied with electron microscope in rats during the first 7 days after birth. Two types of cells--light and dark--are identified in the taste buds of a one day old animal. The apical parts of dark cells are characterized by numerous dark granules. A distinguishing feature of light cells is the presence of synaptic contacts with afferent intragemmal nerves. On the 4th day of development on the top of the apical parts of the cell, a microvillar apparatus is seen to form, which does not yet communicate with the oral cavity. On the 7th day, basal cells appear in the taste buds. Some of these cells are seen mitotically dividing. The differentiated microvillar apparatus now communicates with oral cavity. The structure of the taste buds is getting similar to that in the adults. The structural and functional peculiarities of the developing taste buds are discussed in association with the period of ontogenesis under consideration.     

Changes in the size of the nucleoli of the Purkinje cells in the canine cerebellum in the postresuscitation period

The changes in the size of Purkinje cell (PC) nucleolus in the lateral and medial cerebellum zones were studied in dogs with different degree of neurologic status recovery after clinical death of various etiology and duration. PC always possess one nucleolus in the control and experimental groups. In the case of complete neurologic status recovery of animals the area of PC nucleolus increases in both zones studied, irrespective of the cause of clinical death. In the case of neurologic disorders the increase in PC nucleolus area is clearly expressed only in the medial zone of the cerebellum, being insignificant in the lateral zone. It is suggested that adaptive characteristics of PC are distinct in the two compared zones, which leads to greater PC vulnerability in the lateral zone during deep hypoxia.     

Psychological Attributes of the Culture of the Ukrainians in the Modern Stage of the Development of Society and Trends in Changes in These Attributes in the Post-Soviet Period

The authors of the article focus on the transition of the former Soviet state of Ukraine to a market economy. One aspect of the analysis is the cultural values and attitudes of the citizens in a new situation. Market economy and entrepreneurship demand new types of motivation and individual values from people. A challenge for social psychology in the country is the further elaboration of methodological basis of research.     

Frequency of the stages in the cycle of the seminiferous epithelium in the rat

This study determined the optimum number of tubules to be counted per testis cross section, and the number of animals per treatment group, when changes in stage frequencies in the cycle of the seminiferous epithelium are criteria for assessing effects of treatment on spermatogenesis. A data base of 9,672 observed and staged tubules was collected from testicular cross sections of 15 Sprague-Dawley rats. A significant variation between animals was found for the frequencies of Stages I, II, IV, VI, VIII, and XIII. Computer simulation was used to randomly select different combinations of animal and tubule numbers from the observed data. Stage frequency means from each simulation experiment were compared statistically to observed mean frequencies. A model that used data from all 14 stages was analyzed. The following conclusions were made: a) a minimum of 200 tubule cross sections/testis is recommended for estimating stage frequencies; b) for a fixed number of tubules scored, the number of animals sampled is more important than the number of tubules per animal in reducing variance; c) to detect a difference of 2 standard deviations from the mean with a 2% error rate and examining 200 tubules/testis, at least 12 animals must be used per group when assessing all 14 stages; d) when individual stages are examined using 10 animals per group, only Stage VII has 80% or greater power of test (alpha = 0.05) to detect a frequency difference; e) pooling stages into 3-4 groups is recommended to improve the power of detecting a treatment difference.     

Self-organization in the determination of the size of the axial structures in the embryogenesis of the clawed toad

Experiments were performed using X. laevis embryos during gastrulation and neurulation (stages 10, 11 1/2, 12 1/2, 13 1/2, 15 and 18). Part of presumptive epidermis and lateral plate mesoderm was removed, and embryos raised until stage 25. The size of axial structures (notochord, somite mesoderm, central nervous system) was determined using serial histological sections and compared with that of control embryos. In experimental embryos, the size of axial structures was decreased. Until a specific stage of development, close correlation was found between the volume of embryonic compartment corresponding to a particular, structure and the volume of presumptive epidermis and lateral plate mesoderm. This stage is individual for each axial organ: middle gastrula (stage 11 1/2) for notochord, late gastrula (stage 12 1/2) for somite mesoderm, and late neurula (stage 18) for central nervous system. This data suggest that differentiation pattern of ecto-mesodermal rudiment is subject to regulation during gastrulation-neurulation, and subdivision of ectoderm and mesoderm into axial and non-axial tissues is a self-organizing process.     

Immunohistochemistry of the cytoskeleton in the excurrent ducts of the testis in birds of the Galloanserae monophyly

The presence, location and degree of immunoexpression of various microfilament (MF) and intermediate filament (IF) systems (actin, cytokeratins, desmin, vimentin) were studied in the excurrent ducts of the testis in sexually mature and active galliform (Japanese quail, domestic fowl, turkey) and anseriform (duck) birds. These proteins were variably expressed between the epithelia and periductal tissue (periductal smooth muscle cell layer and interductal connective tissue) types and between species. Variable heterogeneous co-expression of filament systems was also found in the various duct epithelia and periductal tissue types: co-expression of filament systems was the rule rather than the exception. In the duck, neither vimentin nor cytokeratin was present in any of the tissues, whereas actin and desmin (absent in the rete testis) were co-expressed in the efferent ducts and epididymal duct unit (comprising the ductus conjugens, ductus epididymidis and ductus deferens). Actin, desmin and vimentin were generally co-expressed in the rete testis, efferent ducts and epididymal duct unit of the quail, domestic fowl and turkey, with vimentin being more strongly immunoreactive than actin and desmin in the epididymal duct unit, but more weakly immunoexpressed in the efferent ducts. Cytokeratin was present and co-expressed with actin, desmin and vimentin in the rete testis, efferent ducts and epididymal duct unit of the domestic fowl and turkey, but not in the quail and duck. The periductal smooth muscle cell layer and interductal tissue co-expressed actin, desmin and vimentin variably in all birds. Luminal spermatozoa of both the turkey and duck were immunonegative for all protein systems, whereas those of the quail and domestic fowl co-expressed actin, desmin and vimentin moderately or strongly. The tissues of the reproductive tract of male birds thus contain cytoskeletal protein systems that are variably but mostly co-expressed and whose contractile ability appears necessary and sufficient for transportation through the various excurrent ducts of the voluminous testicular fluid and its high sperm content, characteristic features of male avian reproduction.