三江源区高寒草地退化与恢复过程中二氧化碳净交换特征

采用同化箱法测定了青海省南部果洛藏族自治州玛沁县不同退化程度天然草地及不同建植年限人工草地植物群落光合作用、暗呼吸及CO2净交换量。结果表明,天然草地植物群落光合作用过程CO2吸收量与暗呼吸作用CO2释放量的变化趋势为:中度退化草地重度退化极度退化未退化草地;未退化、中度及重度退化高寒草地植物群落净吸收CO2,而极度退化高寒草地植物群落净释放CO2。对"黑土滩"型极度退化草地进行人工恢复后,植物群落通过光合作用吸收CO2量增加;2000和2004年建植的垂穗披碱草(Ely-musnutans)单播人工草地植物群落净吸收CO2量分别为1.33和2.3μmolCO2.m-2.s-1,大于2002和2005年混播人工草地;对单播或混播人工草地而言,随着建植年限增加,草地出现一定程度的退化现象,CO2净吸收量也逐渐下降。从青藏高原碳管理的角度,中、重度退化草地要防止退化为"黑土滩"型极度退化草地,使其恢复到未退化程度;极度退化草地要及时进行人工恢复,有效增加碳的吸收量。     

江河源区人工草地及"黑土滩"退化草地群落演替与物种多样性动态

研究了“黑土滩”退化草地以及在“黑土滩”上建植的垂穗披碱草人工草地在第2～6年间植物群落演替及物种多样性动态。结果表明：随着演替的发生．两种不同类型草地群落的α多样性指数均呈现单峰变化趋势。人工草地群落的α多样性指数比“黑土滩”退化草地群落的低,建植第4年的人工草地群落和封育4年的“黑土滩”退化草地群落的各指数最高。两种不同类型草地草场质量指数也呈现先降后升的趋势,人工草地群落的草场质量和生物量比“黑土滩”退化草地群落高。从植物的生活型看．一年生植物被多年生植物替代。β多样性的时间动态反映出演替过程中,两种类型的草地群落2龄与5龄、6龄群落间的β多样性低,物种周转率高;2龄与3龄,5龄与6龄群落间的β多样性高．物种周转率低,4龄群落是过渡群落。在时间序列上可分为两个阶段．2～4龄主要是一年生草本的入侵．4～6龄主要是多年生草本的定居。     

Reasonable management of perennial planting grassland contributes to positive succession of soil microbial community in Sanjiangyuan of Qinghai-Tibetan Plateau,China

合理管理多年生人工建植草地有助于中国青藏高原三江源土壤微生物群落的正向演替 摘要：草地重建是缓解青藏高原三江源“黑土滩”的一种主要方法,同时了解如何管理建植草地也至关重要。而哪种人工管理模式更能有效地恢复“黑土滩”退化草地？为恢复“黑土滩”提供科学依据,我们研究了不同管理模式下人工草地植被特性、土壤理化性质和土壤微生物群落结构的变化,并探讨了不同管理模式对人工草地群落的影响。在本研究中,植被特性和土壤理化性质分别通过实地调查和实验室分析等方法得出,并且运用高通量测序技术测定了土壤微生物群落组成。研究结果表明,在不同管理模式下的人工建植草地植被特性、土壤理化性质和土壤微生物群落结构存在明显差异,而且植被植物多样性、地上生物量、土壤有机碳显著控制着放线菌门和担子菌门。当建植一次时Shannon-Wiener指数、地上生物量和土壤有机碳达到峰值,此时放线菌门和担子菌门所被注释的ASVs的相对丰度显著富集。此外,该管理模式下土壤的细菌多样性最高,真菌多样性最低,土壤逐渐成为“细菌型”土壤。由此得出,建植一次的人工草地植被特性和土壤环境更有利于整体群落的正向演替,是恢复“黑土滩”最合理的管理模式。     

三江源地区不同建植期人工草地植被特征及其与土壤特征的关系

研究了三江源地区不同建植期人工草地群落生物量、物种组成、多样性指数和土壤理化特征,并用多元逐步回归分析法探讨了土壤理化特征对群落生物量、多样性变化的响应.结果表明:研究区不同建植期人工草地植物群落的种类组成、植物功能群组成和群落数量特征存在显著差异;土壤含水量随着物种多样性指数的增加而增加,土壤容重随着物种多样性的增加而减小;土壤微生物生物量碳与土壤含水量、土壤有机质呈极显著正相关,与土壤容重呈极显著负相关;土壤有机碳含量明显呈"V"字型变化,且与土壤含水量的变化趋势相一致,随土壤容重的增加而减少;群落生物量与土壤养分和土壤含水量之间呈显著正相关,群落地上、地下生物量的增加有利于提高土壤养分含量.     

三江源区不同建植年限对人工草地土壤微生物功能多样性的影响

明确三江源区不同建植年限人工草地土壤微生物功能多样性的变化规律,探索高寒地区人工草地恢复措施,可以为退化高寒草甸恢复治理提供理论依据。试验于2014年8月在青海省果洛州选择建植4年、8年和12年的多年生禾本科人工草地为试验样地,利用常规实验室分析和Biolog-ECO生态板法对土壤养分和土壤微生物功能多样性进行分析。结果表明:在0~10 cm土层,土壤pH与TN含量在建植4年显著高于其他建植年限;TK和速效养分含量随建植年限增加而升高;在10~20 cm土层,土壤pH在建植4年显著大于其他年限;TK含量在建植12年时显著小于其他年限,AN和AK则呈现建植8年12年4年;AWCD值在0~10 cm土层表现为建植8年12年4年,而在10~20 cm土层随建植年限的增加而增加;在0~10 cm土层,Shannon指数和Pielou指数均是建植12年显著小于建植4年和8年;在10~20 cm土层,Mc Intosh指数表现出建植12年8年4年,且差异显著,而Shannon指数和Pielou指数则表现出建植4年显著小于8年和12年。主成分分析表明,氨基酸类和酯类是土壤微生物利用的主要碳源类型。冗余分析表明,有机碳、速效钾、速效氮、全钾和pH是影响不同建植年限人工草地土壤微生物功能多样性和代谢活性的主要因子。不同建植年限人工草地土壤微生物功能多样性存在差异,随着建植年限的增加,土壤养分状况、微生物群落稳定性和生态环境得到改善。     

青藏高原高寒草地退化与人工恢复过程中植物群落的繁殖适应对策

以三江源区不同退化程度高寒草甸和不同恢复年限人工草地作为研究对象,通过野外调查与采样、实验室分析,探究了高寒地区退化天然草地与人工恢复草地的植被群落繁殖构件数量变化.结果表明:在群落水平上,天然草地退化和人工草地建植会对植物繁殖构件的数量和生物量产生影响.随着天然草地退化程度的增加,营养枝数量和生物量则明显下降,而繁殖枝的数量和生物量明显升高(P＜0.05);随着人工草地恢复年限的增加,营养枝的数量和生物量逐渐增加,而繁殖枝的数量和生物量则逐渐降低(P＜0.05);随着恢复年限的增加,人工草地繁殖构件的变化逐渐接近未退化天然草地.在功能群水平上,植物繁殖构件数量亦随草地退化程度和人工恢复年限而变化.随着恢复年限的增加,禾本科、莎草科、杂类草的营养枝数量和生物量均呈现显著增加(P＜0.05),而繁殖枝数量和生物量则显著下降,禾本科的繁殖构件数量远远大于莎草科和杂类草;随着退化程度的增加,三大功能群的营养枝枝数和生物量显著增加(P＜0.05),而繁殖枝则呈现相反的趋势.实证了草地退化和人工恢复改变植物群落繁殖分配对策的科学假设,为高寒草地植被恢复重建技术的发展和更新提供理论支撑.     

基于改进的Lotka-Volterra种间竞争模型预测退化高寒草地人工恢复演替结果

结合青藏高原地区黑土滩型退化高寒草甸改建成人工草地后恢复过程中植物群落组分的数量特征变化,基于中心差分法、相对误差热图、ODE算法等研究方法进行计算机模拟,对Lotka-Volterra种间竞争模型进行非线性化改进,建立了适于高寒草地人工恢复演替过程中的竞争效应预测模型,与经典的Lotka-Volterra种间竞争模型进行对比验证,实证了改进模型的可解性和准确性。并分析了改进的Lotka-Volterra模型的系统动力学行为,预测人工恢复植物群落各组分的竞争结局,判断人工草地恢复演替状况。结果表明:(1)随着恢复年限的增加,栽培植物(垂穗披碱草或草地早熟禾)与原生植物在经历一个激烈的竞争阶段后逐渐趋于动态平衡,表明人工种植的垂穗披碱草、草地早熟禾等本土植物,可以促进青藏高原地区"黑土滩"型退化高寒草甸的有效恢复;(2)综合各分组的恢复演替阶段特征,可食牧草、栽培植物和顶极植物均从第7年开始竞争力呈现明显下降的趋势,因此建议在对人工草地的恢复管理中,7—10年间进行适度的人为干预,如施肥、灭鼠害以及适当去除有毒有害杂草等;(3)综合各类植物的竞争演替预测情况,均从第20年左右开始逐渐趋于动态平衡。因此,根据该模型分析,从生态恢复的角度来看,"黑土滩"型退化草地进行人工恢复至少需要20年以上,才能获得较为稳定的植物群落。     

川西北高寒地区多年生禾本科人工草地土壤线虫群落动态

为了查明青藏高原地区建植多年生禾本科人工草地对土壤线虫群落的影响及土壤线虫群落随人工草地建植年限增加的变化趋势，以川西北红原县2018年建植的垂穗披碱草样地(Elymus nutans)和老芒麦样地(Elymus sibiricus)为研究对象，以天然草地(Natural grassland)为对照，于2018—2020每年9月对土壤线虫群落、植被和土壤因子等进行连续监测。研究共分离到土壤线虫38470条，隶属于2纲8目65科172属，平均密度2482条/100g干土；食细菌线虫是研究样地的主要营养类群。垂穗披碱草和老芒麦样地的土壤线虫群落组成结构与天然草地间存在明显差异，但差异性随建植年限增加逐渐降低。线虫群落密度和多样性指数在垂穗披碱草、老芒麦和天然草地间均无显著差异。随建植年限增加，土壤线虫群落密度显著上升，Pielou指数显著下降，丰富度和Shannon指数无显著变化；植物寄生线虫密度和比例在第2年显著增加，并成为优势营养类群。线虫群落生态指数在不同草地类型间无显著差异，但垂穗披碱草和老芒麦样地的线虫基础指数随建植年限增加先增加，在第3年时显著降低(P<0.05)。冗余分...     

三种类型高寒草地内甘肃马先蒿的光合碳分配

基于三江源区果洛州军牧场不同退化程度草地,采用原位~(13)CO_2脉冲标记的方法示踪了~(13)C在甘肃马先蒿-土壤系统中的转移与分配,探讨了未退化天然草甸、重度退化高寒草甸(黑土滩)与建植5年的人工草地内代表性植物——甘肃马先蒿光合碳的分配情况。结果表明:标记当天,不同类型草地上~(13)C固定百分比在39%~71%,说明标记的效率较高且分配差异较大;3种类型草地土壤碳分配比例平均为8.6%,说明光合固定碳在甘肃马先蒿植株-土壤系统的分配与转移速度非常迅速;脉冲标记21 d后,甘肃马先蒿植株δ~(13)C值下降,5%~27%的~(13)C分配到地下。黑土滩恢复治理为人工草地5年后,甘肃马先蒿固定的光合碳转移到土体中的含量显著增加。甘肃马先蒿对于维持草地群落多样性和稳定性具有一定生态学意义,应根据草地的经济利用特性予以合理灭除。     

露天煤矿排土场边坡植被组成特征及其群落稳定性评价

研究植被恢复过程中植物群落组成、结构及稳定性的变化,可进一步了解到植物群落的演替过程及规律。采用空间代时间的方法对内蒙古锡林郭勒盟北电胜利露天煤矿4个排土场边坡人工恢复植被进行群落调查,在此基础上采用多样性指数与优化后的M.Godron稳定性指数对植物物种组成、物种多样性及其群落稳定性进行分析,探究不同恢复年限排土场边坡植被在恢复过程中群落特征及稳定性变化特征。结果表明：（1）排土场边坡植物物种组成共有16科44属56种,植物群落组成较简单,其中禾本科种类最多,生长型以草本植物为主。（2）随着恢复年限的增加,植物生活型由一、二年生转变为多年生,坡面优势种由人工种植植物转变为本土植物。（3）整体看,随着恢复年限增加,物种多样性呈下降趋势,群落稳定性整体呈上升趋势。（4）由于不同坡向土壤微环境差异,北坡恢复效果及稳定性好于南坡。本研究在一定程度上可为露天煤矿排土场边坡人工修复过程中植物物种及合理配置模式的选择提供科学依据。     

黄土高原半干旱区不同种植年限紫花苜蓿人工草地土壤微生物和线虫群落特征

建植紫花苜蓿人工草地是黄土高原植被恢复的重要措施之一。土壤微生物和线虫群落特征是评价和调控植被恢复的生态环境效应的重要依据。本研究在宁夏南部山区选取不同种植年限(1、2、6和12年)的紫花苜蓿人工草地为研究样地,以农田和天然草地作为对照,探索黄土高原人工草地植被恢复过程中土壤微生物和线虫群落的演变规律及其影响因素。结果表明: 1)种植苜蓿显著提高了土壤细菌群落的Chao1、ACE和Shannon多样性指数,并在种植苜蓿后第6年达到最高,但在种植6年和12年后真菌群落多样性降低;随着苜蓿种植年限的增加,真菌群落组成从农田逐渐向天然草地方向演变;2)土壤线虫数量与细菌群落多样性的变化趋势相同,在种植苜蓿后第6年出现峰值,该时期线虫群落结构组成与农田较相似,苜蓿12年样地则更接近天然草地;随着苜蓿种植年限的增加,食细菌线虫、植食性线虫比例总体呈上升趋势,食真菌线虫、杂食/捕食线虫比例呈下降趋势,土壤成熟度指数(MI)逐渐减小,植物寄生线虫指数(PPI)和线虫通路指数(NCR)则不断增大;3)在苜蓿人工草地植被恢复过程中,土壤有机碳、全氮和速效磷对土壤微生物群落结构影响较大,并进一步影响线虫群落结构;细菌和真菌群落优势类群和多样性与线虫的不同营养类群及生态指数之间存在密切联系,表明微生物群落结构与多样性对线虫群落具有显著影响;在不同种植年限苜蓿草地中,植物的生物量与多样性的变化可能通过影响土壤微生物与线虫食物资源状况从而引起其群落特征的改变。     

青藏高原高寒草地AM真菌分布及其对近自然恢复的生态作用

超载过牧以及全球气候变化等导致大部分青藏高原高寒草地呈现持续退化态势。青藏高原高寒草地退化致使地上植物群落逐渐发生更替,地下土壤微生物群落多样性和丰富度发生改变。本文旨在探析青藏高原高寒草地丛枝菌根（arbuscular mycorrhizal,AM）真菌的分布特征、对近自然恢复的生理生态效应及其作用机制。青藏高原高寒草地中已报道4目14属61种AM真菌,约占已知AM真菌物种的20%。高寒草地禾本科植物根围AM真菌物种丰度最高,而莎草科植物根围AM真菌孢子密度最高。3种高寒草地植被类型中,高寒草原AM真菌丰度最高（33种）,山地灌丛草原次之（32种）,高寒草甸最低（22种）。高寒草原以光壁无梗囊霉Acaulospora laevis和闪亮和平囊霉Pacispora scintillans为优势种,山地灌丛草原以摩西斗管囊霉Funneliformis mosseae为优势种,高寒草甸以光壁无梗囊霉A. laevis、近明球囊霉Claroideoglomus claroideum和闪亮和平囊霉P. scintillans为优势种。高寒草地土著AM真菌与植物构建的菌根网络可以通过调节营养元素吸收、分配,促进植物建植和生长;但是毒杂草入侵可以改变土著AM真菌物种多样性和菌根网络,限制本地植被的实际生态位扩张。退化高寒草地中,AM真菌群落具有高的环境适应性和恢复力,其不仅调控地上植物群落建植和多样性,同时AM真菌建植也增加了代谢产物-球囊霉素相关土壤蛋白产生,进而协同改善地下土壤微生态系统,为退化高寒草地早期植被恢复塑造土壤生境。因此,AM真菌在退化高寒草地近自然恢复中具有较大的应用潜力。     

Differential responses of abandoned wet grassland plant communities to reinstated cutting management

The nature of ecological stability is still debated, and there is a need to establish which types of communities show resistance to environmental change and to explore community responses in relation to their environmental context. This study aims to investigate the effects of reinstating cutting management on abandoned wet grasslands by comparing responses in two different communities with contrasting environmental conditions, to elucidate the restoration potential of wet grasslands. Two coastal wet grassland plant communities in Estonia were monitored over 5?years: a species-poor lower shore grassland and a more diverse tall grassland. Piezometers and soil samples were used to characterise the hydrology, while cutting effects and ongoing abandonment were compared using replicate quadrats in both grasslands. Annual changes and significant differences in community composition were analysed using Detrended and Canonical Correspondence Analyses, diversity indices, and inferential statistics. The results showed that cutting produced greater changes in composition and species abundance in the lower shore community compared to the tall grassland, including a greater proportion of significant differences. The increased responsiveness of the lower shore community may be related to its variable hydrological regime, especially flooding, which creates a dynamic environment favouring adaptable species. In contrast, the tall grassland featured a more stable water regime and species that responded less to perturbation, and manifested resistance to cutting management. Thus, restoring abandoned wet grasslands through vegetation management may be a slow process, especially where there is residual diversity, and the importance of hydrological regime in determining wet grassland communities should be considered.     

Enhancement of late successional plants on ex-arable land by soil inoculations

Restoration of species-rich grasslands on ex-arable land can help the conservation of biodiversity but faces three big challenges: absence of target plant propagules, high residual soil fertility and restoration of soil communities. Seed additions and top soil removal can solve some of these constraints, but restoring beneficial biotic soil conditions remains a challenge. Here we test the hypotheses that inoculation of soil from late secondary succession grasslands in arable receptor soil enhances performance of late successional plants, especially after top soil removal but pending on the added dose. To test this we grew mixtures of late successional plants in arable top (organic) soil or in underlying mineral soil mixed with donor soil in small or large proportions. Donor soils were collected from different grasslands that had been under restoration for 5 to 41 years, or from semi-natural grassland that has not been used intensively. Donor soil addition, especially when collected from older restoration sites, increased plant community biomass without altering its evenness. In contrast, addition of soil from semi-natural grassland promoted plant community evenness, and hence its diversity, but reduced community biomass. Effects of donor soil additions were stronger in mineral than in organic soil and larger with bigger proportions added. The variation in plant community composition was explained best by the abundances of nematodes, ergosterol concentration and soil pH. We show that in controlled conditions inoculation of soil from secondary succession grassland into ex-arable land can strongly promote target plant species, and that the role of soil biota in promoting target plant species is greatest when added after top soil removal. Together our results point out that transplantation of later secondary succession soil can promote grassland restoration on ex-arable land.     

The effect of seeding densities on old cultivated fields in Marakele National Park,Thabazimbi, South Africa

Large areas of the bushveld bioregion are converted from natural rangeland to cultivated fields for economic purposes. Conversion of grasslands to agricultural land alters the vegetation structure, plant species composition and ecological functioning. The aim of this paper was to evaluate the effectiveness of different seeding densities to enhance the restoration of old cultivated fields in Marakele National Park. Before these areas along the Motlhabatsi River were incorporated into the Park they were used for cultivation of crops. In an attempt to restore these areas to an improved condition, this pilot study was undertaken to determine best practice. One study area comprising two experimental sites and one control site were selected. A seed mixture consisting of natural grass species to the area was selected and sown at two different seed densities. The sites were monitored for a 2‐year period for species diversity and composition. Data were analysed using the analysis of variance (ANOVA), while species diversity was calculated for the different experimental sites using the Shannon–Wiener index. Limited differences were observed between the two seeding densities. The results indicate that seeding degraded grasslands in these bushveld areas enhance the diversity and evenness of the degraded land.     

Restoration of species‐rich grasslands by transfer of local plant material and its impact on species diversity and genetic variation—Findings of a practical restoration project in southeastern Germany

Restoration of species‐rich grasslands is a key issue of conservation. The transfer of seed‐containing local plant material is a proven technique to restore species‐rich grassland, since it potentially allows to establish genetically variable and locally adapted populations. In our study, we tested how the transfer of local plant material affected the species diversity and composition of restored grasslands and the genetic variation of the typical grassland plant species Knautia arvensis and Plantago lanceolata.For our study, we selected fifteen study sites in southeastern Germany. We analyzed species diversity and composition and used molecular markers to investigate genetic variation within and among populations of the study species from grasslands that served as source sites for restoration and grasslands, which were restored by transfer of green hay and threshed local plant material.The results revealed no significant differences in species diversity and composition between grasslands at source and restoration sites. Levels of genetic variation within populations of the study species Knautia arvensis and Plantago lanceolata were comparable at source and restoration sites and genetic variation among populations at source and their corresponding restoration sites were only marginal different.Our study suggests that the transfer of local plant material is a restoration approach highly suited to preserve the composition of species‐rich grasslands and the natural genetic pattern of typical grassland plant species.     

青藏高原多年冻土区不同草地生态系统恢复能力评价

草地生态系统恢复能力是评价人类工程活动对青藏高原多年冻土生态系统影响的重要组分.分析了不同草地生态系统干扰带和非干扰带群落特征、植物多样性、草地初级生产力和经济类群,综合评价了青藏高原多年冻土区地上植被在受工程活动干扰后的综合恢复能力.结果表明:经过近20多年的自然恢复,青藏苔草草原、紫花针茅草原、扇穗茅草原、高山嵩草草甸、矮蒿草草甸和藏蒿草沼泽化草甸6种草地的盖度和物种组成均有一定程度的恢复,且草原群落的恢复程度好于草甸群落,但干扰群落仍低于未干扰群落;紫花针茅草原分布区物种多样性恢复好于其他草地类型分布区;干扰带由最初的地上植物生物量全部为0恢复到148.8～489.6 g·m^-2,其中藏嵩草沼泽化草甸干扰带恢复最好,生物量达489.6 g·m^-2;除藏嵩草恢复群落的饲用植物类群组成相对稳定外,干扰后的其他5种草地类型饲用价值降低.高寒草原生态系统的植被综合恢复能力显著高于草甸生态系统.     

Resilience and restoration of tropical and subtropical grasslands,savannas, and grassy woodlands

Despite growing recognition of the conservation values of grassy biomes, our understanding of how to maintain and restore biodiverse tropical grasslands (including savannas and open‐canopy grassy woodlands) remains limited. To incorporate grasslands into large‐scale restoration efforts, we synthesised existing ecological knowledge of tropical grassland resilience and approaches to plant community restoration. Tropical grassland plant communities are resilient to, and often dependent on, the endogenous disturbances with which they evolved – frequent fires and native megafaunal herbivory. In stark contrast, tropical grasslands are extremely vulnerable to human‐caused exogenous disturbances, particularly those that alter soils and destroy belowground biomass (e.g. tillage agriculture, surface mining); tropical grassland restoration after severe soil disturbances is expensive and rarely achieves management targets. Where grasslands have been degraded by altered disturbance regimes (e.g. fire exclusion), exotic plant invasions, or afforestation, restoration efforts can recreate vegetation structure (i.e. historical tree density and herbaceous ground cover), but species‐diverse plant communities, including endemic species, are slow to recover. Complicating plant‐community restoration efforts, many tropical grassland species, particularly those that invest in underground storage organs, are difficult to propagate and re‐establish. To guide restoration decisions, we draw on the old‐growth grassland concept, the novel ecosystem concept, and theory regarding tree cover along resource gradients in savannas to propose a conceptual framework that classifies tropical grasslands into three broad ecosystem states. These states are: (1) old‐growth grasslands (i.e. ancient, biodiverse grassy ecosystems), where management should focus on the maintenance of disturbance regimes; (2) hybrid grasslands, where restoration should emphasise a return towards the old‐growth state; and (3) novel ecosystems, where the magnitude of environmental change (i.e. a shift to an alternative ecosystem state) or the socioecological context preclude a return to historical conditions.     

繁殖体与微生境在退化草地恢复中的作用

退化草地的成功恢复主要依赖于种子和母株无性繁殖幼苗的有效建植 ,即草地群落中可利用繁殖体是退化草地得以恢复的内在条件。此外 ,群落中那些提供种子发芽、幼苗生长发育的适宜微生境 (safe sites/ suitable microsites) ,构成了退化草地恢复的外在条件。由于严重退化草地群落缺乏可利用繁殖体和供繁殖体生长发育的适宜微生境 ,使得退化草地恢复受到很大限制 ,因而 ,同时满足繁殖体与微生境是退化草地恢复的先决条件。人为提供繁殖体和适宜微生境可以在很大程度上提高退化草地的恢复速度 ,即在缺乏繁殖体草地群落供给繁殖体 ,或者在缺乏微生境的草地群落中创造适宜微生境。不同植物种群建植需要的环境存在着显著差异 ,因此在人工恢复草地群落过程中 ,对这些植物的繁殖体和繁殖体着床环境给予特殊处理是必需的 ,使之同时满足多种植物种群建植需求。对退化草地植物繁殖体、微生境的重要性及其涵义进行讨论