转化石胆酸为熊去氧胆酸的菌种筛选和产物鉴定

筛选到一株泡木贼镰刀菌(Fusarium equiseti)90-9菌株,它能转化石胆酸(Lithocholic acid)为熊去氧胆酸(Ursodeoxycholic acid).该菌转化0.1%(W/V)石胆酸96h,熊去氧胆酸重量收率为38.1%.经各项理化性质,包括熔点、比旋值、红外光谱、核磁共振谱、质谱和元素分析等项鉴定,证明产物为熊去氧胆酸.     

三株梭菌通过生物转化形成熊去氧胆酸的研究

用改进的薄层层析法定量测定了三株厌氧梭菌——产气荚膜梭菌(Clostridium perfr-ingens)HS-10、丁酸梭菌(C.butyrium)DL-20和LQ-29形成熊去氧胆酸(UDCA)的生物转化能力,并用正交法确定了HS-10菌株的最佳转化条件。发现该菌株在含O．2mmol／L鹅去氧胆酸(CDCA)的RCM培养基中培养6-48小时内,UDCA转化率均在80％以上。而且,当CDCA的浓度高达0．8-1．0 mmol／L时,其转化率仍在70％以上。此外,还初步发现未加任何营养成分的豆腐废水也可作为良好的转化培养基。本文是这两种菌能单独将CDCA 转化为UDCA的首次报道。     

牛磺熊去氧胆酸的合成进展

牛磺熊去氧胆酸是由熊去氧胆酸的羧基和牛磺酸的氨基之间缩水而形成的结合型胆汁酸。主要介绍了目前四种牛磺熊去氧胆酸合成方法,并对四种方法的优缺点进行了全面的评价,从而为牛磺熊去氧胆酸的合理开发和利用提供思路。     

肝纤维化程度及自身抗体表达对熊去氧胆酸单药治疗自身免疫性肝病重 叠综合征患者临床疗效的影响

目的:肝纤维化程度及自身抗体表达对熊去氧胆酸单药治疗自身免疫性肝病重叠综合征患者临床疗效的影响。方法:回顾性收集2007年-2011年住院的20例做过肝穿活检的经熊去氧胆酸单药治疗达到满意效果的自身免疫性肝炎和原发性胆汁性肝硬化重叠综合征患者的临床资料。结果:20例患者中,12例患者(60%)的肝穿标本活检评估处于肝纤维化S3或S4期,其初诊时基线特征与肝纤维化处于S0-S2期的患者基线特征无统计学差异。此外,该20例患者的血清抗平滑肌抗体的阳性率较低(1/20)。结论:肝脏纤维化程度不会引起熊去氧胆酸治疗效果的下降。     

熊去氧胆酸治疗原发性胆汁性肝硬化临床观察

目的探讨熊去氧胆酸治疗原发性胆汁性肝硬化的临床效果。方法选取某医院于2014年7月至2015年7月收治的原发性胆汁性肝硬化患者98例作为临床研究对象,随机将患者分为观察组和对照组,每组49例。两组患者均给予基础治疗,之后对照组患者采用通胆汤进行治疗,观察组患者在对照组的基础上加用熊去氧胆酸进行治疗。比较两组患者的治疗效果。结果根据分析结果,观察组患者的完全反应率明显高于对照组,并且肝功能指标明显优于对照组,比较结果具有显著差异性(P0.05)。结论熊去氧胆酸治疗原发性胆汁性肝硬化的临床效果良好,值得推广使用。     

原发性胆汁性肝硬化的药物治疗进展

原发性胆汁性肝硬化(Primary Biliary Cirrhosis,PBC)是一种以胆汁淤积及慢性非化脓性破坏性胆管炎为特点的自身免疫介导的慢性肝脏病。熊去氧胆酸(UDCA)作为PBC患者的首选治疗药物可使患者的生化指标、存活指标以及组织学等都得以改善。尽管如此,PBC的治疗仍是临床医师的一大难题,大约40%的PBC患者对UDCA的治疗仅获得了不完全应答,而肝移植则为晚期PBC患者治疗之首选。本文简要介绍近些年治疗PBC药物的新进展,包括熊去氧胆酸、布地奈德、免疫抑制剂、贝特类、6α-乙基鹅去氧胆酸、利妥昔单抗以及抗逆转录病毒药物等,期望为PBC的治疗提供帮助。     

熊去氧胆酸联合非诺贝特对原发性胆汁性胆管炎的临床疗效及安全性

摘要 目的：分析熊去氧胆酸联合非诺贝特对原发性胆汁性胆管炎无熊去氧胆酸生化反应的临床疗效及安全性。方法：151例原发性胆汁性胆管炎无熊去氧胆酸患者按随机数表法分为73例对照组和78例研究组。对照组在常规治疗基础上给予安慰剂联合熊去氧胆酸治疗,研究组在常规基础上给予非诺贝特联合熊去氧胆酸治疗,两组均持续治疗12个月。比较两组临床疗效,肝功能,血脂指标,肝纤维化指标,免疫球蛋白G（IgG）、免疫球蛋白M（IgM）,瘙痒及乏力评分,不良反应发生情况。结果：治疗后,研究组总有效率高于对照组,比较差异有统计学意义（P<0.05）。治疗后,两组肝功能指标均降低,研究组低于对照组,比较有统计学意义（P<0.05）。治疗后,两组总胆固醇（TC）、甘油三酯（TG）均降低,研究组低于对照组,比较有统计学意义（P<0.05）,两组治疗前后低密度脂蛋白胆固醇（LDL-C）、高密度脂蛋白胆固醇（HDL-C）比较无统计学意义（P>0.05）。治疗后,两组肝纤维化指标均降低,研究组低于对照组,比较有统计学意义（P<0.05）。治疗后,两组IgG、IgM均降低,研究组低于对照组,比较有统计学意义（P<0.05）。治疗后,两组瘙痒、乏力评分均降低,研究组低于对照组,比较有统计学意义（P<0.05）。两组不良反应发生率比较差异无统计学意义（P>0.05）。结论：熊去氧胆酸联合非诺贝特对原发性胆汁性胆管炎无熊去氧胆酸生化反应的疗效较好,能够改善肝功能,且未明显增加药物不良反应。     

熊去氧胆酸联用思美泰对妊娠期肝内胆汁淤积症重症患者瘙痒程度、妊娠结局及肝功能的影响

目的:探讨熊去氧胆酸联用思美泰对妊娠期肝内胆汁淤积症(ICP)重症患者瘙痒程度、妊娠结局及肝功能的影响。方法:选取2016年6月到2017年12月期间在我院接受治疗的ICP重症患者76例,根据随机数字表法将患者均分为研究组(n=38)和对照组(n=38)。对照组采用熊去氧胆酸进行治疗,研究组采用熊去氧胆酸联用思美泰进行治疗。比较两组患者治疗前、治疗7d后的Ribaha皮肤瘙痒程度评分、天冬氨酸氨基转移酶(AST)、丙氨酸氨基转移酶(ALT)、总胆汁酸(TBA)、血清总胆红素(TB)的水平,比较两组患者的妊娠结局。结果:治疗7d后两组患者的瘙痒程度评分均明显降低,且研究组低于对照组(P0.05)。治疗7d后两组患者的AST、ALT、TBA、TB水平均明显降低,且研究组患者的AST、ALT、TBA、TB水平低于对照组,差异有统计学意义(P0.05)。两组患者的新生儿窒息发生率和新生儿体质量比较无统计学差异(P0.05),研究组患者早产、胎儿窘迫、羊水胎粪污染的发生率低于对照组,差异有统计学意义(P0.05)。结论:熊去氧胆酸联用思美泰可有效缓解ICP重症患者的瘙痒程度,改善肝功能和妊娠结局,临床疗效显著,具有积极的临床意义。     

熊去氧胆酸对婴儿肝炎综合征患儿血清炎症因子和肝功能的影响*

目的:探讨熊去氧胆酸对婴儿肝炎综合征患儿血清炎症因子和肝功能的影响。方法:选取我院自2013年5月-2015年5月收治的婴儿肝炎综合征患儿91例,随机分为对照组(n=47)和观察组(n=44),对照组患儿给予常规护肝、利胆等治疗,观察组患儿在对照组的基础上给予熊去氧胆酸治疗,两组均治疗3周。比较两组患儿治疗前后的血清炎症因子及肝功能指标水平,观察两组患儿用药后的临床治疗效果及不良反应发生情况。结果:治疗后,所有患儿的血清肿瘤坏死因子-α(TNF-α)、白细胞介素-6(IL-6)、总胆红素(TBil)、直接胆红素(DBil)、丙氨酸转氨酶(ALT)、谷氨酰转肽酶(GGT)、总胆汁酸(TBA)水平均低于治疗前,且观察组低于对照组(P0.05)。观察组患儿治疗后总有效率高于对照组(P0.05)。两组患儿总不良反应发生率比较差异无统计学意义(P0.05)。结论:熊去氧胆酸可以减轻婴儿肝炎综合征患儿的炎症反应,改善其肝功能,疗效显著且安全性好。     

异甘草酸镁联合熊去氧胆酸治疗自身免疫性肝炎及原发性胆汁性肝硬化的临床观察

目的:探讨异甘草酸镁联合熊去氧胆酸治疗自身免疫性肝炎及原发性胆汁性肝硬化的临床疗效。方法:选取2013年7月到2014年7月于我院就诊的自身免疫性肝炎及原发性胆汁性肝硬化患者68例,将患者随机分为两组,观察组和对照组患者各34例,对照组进行熊去氧胆酸治疗;观察组联合熊去氧胆酸和异甘草酸镁治疗,比较两组患者的治疗效果。结果:观察组34例患者有效率88.2%,对照组患者总有效率为52.9%,观察组治疗效果明显高于对照组。结论:联合异甘草酸镁和熊去氧胆酸治疗自身免疫性肝炎及原发性胆汁性肝硬化有良好效果,治疗可起到抗炎、调节免疫作用,改善患者肝功能生化指标。     

Separation and simultaneous determination of nalidixic acid, hydroxynalidixic acid and carboxynalidixic acid in serum and urine by micellar electrokinetic capillary chromatography

Separation in capillary electrophoresis is governed by various factors, including buffer type, buffer concentration, pH, temperature, voltage and micelles. Through proper adjustment of these parameters, nalidixic acid and its two major metabolites, 7-hydroxynalidixic and 7-carboxynalidixic, could be separated by micellar electrokinetic capillary chromatography using an electrophoretic electrolyte consisting of 50 mM borate buffer (pH 9) containing 25 mM sodium dodecyl sulphate and 10% acetonitrile. A linear relationship between concentration and peak area for each compound was obtained in the concentration range 0.15–100 μg ml⁻¹, with a correlation coefficient greater than 0.999 and detection limits in the 0.2–0.7 ng ml⁻¹ range. Intra- and inter-day precision values of about 0.8–1.2% RSD (n=11) and 1.3–2.0% RSD (n=30), respectively, were obtained. The method has been applied to the analysis of nalidixic acid and its two major metabolites in serum and urine with limits of sensitivity lower than 0.8 ng ml⁻¹.     

酚酸类物质对三七幼苗的化感影响

该文研究了不同浓度的阿魏酸、对香豆酸、丁香酸、对羟基苯甲酸、香草酸5种酚酸类物质对三七幼苗生长和生理的影响。结果表明:处理后,三七幼苗的苗高、根长、可溶性蛋白质含量、根系活力、CAT以及POD活性均有所降低。其中,阿魏酸各处理组幼苗的苗高及POD活性均显著降低,50、100 mg·L~(-1)的对香豆酸以及100 mg·L~(-1)的香草酸处理组幼苗苗高也分别比对照显著降低16.19%、16.67%和29.29%;对香豆酸、丁香酸以及对羟基苯甲酸各处理组幼苗根长均显著低于对照;香草酸处理组幼苗的根系活力也显著低于对照,且幼苗的CAT活性在10、50、100 mg·L~(-1)丁香酸、对羟基苯甲酸以及香草酸处理下也达到了显著降低水平。此外,1 mg·L~(-1)阿魏酸以及100 mg·L~(-1)香草酸处理组幼苗的叶绿素含量也均显著降低;中高浓度的阿魏酸、对香豆酸、丁香酸、对羟基苯甲酸增加了三七幼苗的MDA含量,而香草酸在0.1、1、10、100 mg·L~(-1)浓度下显著降低幼苗的MDA含量;丁香酸、香草酸、对羟基苯甲酸以及中高浓度的对香豆酸增加了三七幼苗的SOD活性,且香草酸各处理组均达到了显著性水平。综上结果表明,5种酚酸类物质对三七幼苗均具有一定的化感抑制作用,但各酚酸物质的作用方式及强度并不完全一致,阿魏酸的化感影响较大,这为进一步研究三七的化感自毒作用提供了一定的理论参考。     

氨基酸分析仪测定饲料添加剂——叶酸的方法

用６ｍｏｌ／Ｌ盐酸于１１０℃条件下水解饲料添加剂——叶酸,使之游离出谷氨酸,用氢氧化钠中和调节ｐＨ到２,氨基酸分析仪测定谷氨酸含量,经与标准叶酸水解样品比较,计算出叶酸的纯度。该方法重现性好,变异系数ＣＶ＝０．０８％,平均回收率为９８．３４％,浓度与峰面积呈线性相关,相关系数ｒ＝０．９９８７,可随氨基酸分析同时进行,不需改变任何分析条件。     

Comparative acid stress response of Listeria monocytogenes, Escherichia coli O157:H7 and Salmonella Typhimurium after habituation at different pH conditions

AIMS: The aim of the study was to evaluate the effect of habituation at different pH conditions on the acid resistance of Listeria monocytogenes, Escherichia coli O157:H7 and Salmonella enterica serotype Typhimurium, and to identify potential differences between the adaptive responses of the three pathogens. METHODS: Stationary phase cells of L. monocytogenes, E. coli O157:H7 and S. Typhimurium, grown in glucose-free media, were exposed to pH 3.5 broth directly or after habituation for 90 min at various pH conditions from 4.0 to 6.0. Survivors at pH 3.5 were determined by plating on tryptic soy agar and incubating at 30 degrees C for 48 h. The kinetics (death rate) of the pathogens at pH 3.5 was calculated by fitting the data to an exponential model. RESULTS: Habituation to acidic environments provided protection of the pathogens against lethal acid conditions. This acid protection, however, was found to be pH dependent. For example, for E. coli O157:H7 an increased acid resistance was observed after habituation at a pH range from 4.0 to 5.5, while the maximum acid tolerance was induced at pH 5.0. Furthermore, the effect of low pH habituation was different among pathogens. For L. monocytogenes, E. coli O157:H7 and S. Typhimurium, the pH range within which habituation resulted to increased acid resistance was 5.0-6.0, 4.0-5.5 and 4.0-5.0, respectively, while the maximum acid tolerance was induced after habituation at pH 5.5, 5.0 and 4.5, respectively. SIGNIFICANCE: Acid stress conditions are common within current food processing technologies. The information on adaptive responses of L. monocytogenes, E. coli O157:H7 and S. Typhimurium after habituation to different pH environments provided in the present study, could lead to a more realistic evaluation of food safety concerns and to a better selection of processes in order to avoid adaptation phenomena and to minimize the potential for food safety risks.     

Triterpene acids from Salvia and Teucrium species

The pentacyclic triterpene acids ursolic acid, oleanolic acid, micromeric acid, maslinic acid and 3-epi-maslinic acid have been isolated from several Salvia and Teucrium species.     

Temperature regulates tuber-inducing lipoxygenase-derived metabolites in potato (Solanum tuberosum)

Temperature is one of the major environmental factors affecting potato tuberization. It has been suggested that lipoxygenase (LOX) mediates between temperature and tuber induction. In this study, the contents of the LOX-derived metabolites hydroperoxylinolenic acid (HPOT), jasmonic acid (JA), tuberonic acid (TA) and tuberonic acid glucoside (TAG) were analyzed in leaves of potatoes growing at different temperatures. At low, tuber-inducing temperature, endogenous levels of JA, TA and TAG rise, indicating their crucial role in tuber induction. The concentration of 13(S)-HPOT seems not to be directly affected by temperature. Instead, the molecule has only a short half-life in leaves and is readily metabolized.     

Effects of flaxseed,raw soybeans and calcium salts of fatty acids on apparent total tract digestibility,energy balance and milk fatty acid profile of transition cows

Oilseeds offer some protection to the access of ruminal microorganisms and may be an alternative to calcium salts of fatty acids (FA), which are not fully inert in the ruminal environment. This study aimed to evaluate the effects of different sources of FA supplementation on apparent total tract nutrient digestibility, milk yield and composition, and energy balance (EB) of cows during the transition period and early lactation. We compared diets rich in C18:2 and C18:3 FA. Multiparous Holstein cows were randomly assigned to receive one of the four diets: control (n=11); whole flaxseed (WF, n=10), 60 and 80 g/kg (diet dry matter (DM) basis) of WF during the prepartum and postpartum periods, respectively; whole raw soybeans (WS, n=10), 120 and 160 g/kg (diet DM basis) of WS during the prepartum and postpartum periods, respectively; and calcium salts of unsaturated fatty acids (CSFA, n=11), 24 and 32 g/kg (diet DM basis) of CSFA during the prepartum and postpartum periods, respectively. Dry cows fed WF had higher DM and net energy of lactation (NE_L) intake than those fed WS or CSFA. The FA supplementation did not alter DM and NDF apparent total tract digestibility, dry cows fed WF exhibited greater NDF total tract digestion than cows fed WS or CSFA. Feeding WS instead of CSFA did not alter NE_L intake and total tract digestion of nutrients, but increased milk fat yield and concentration. Calculated efficiency of milk yield was not altered by diets. FA supplementation increased EB during the postpartum period. Experimental diets increased long-chain FA (saturated and unsaturated FA) in milk. In addition, cows fed WS and CSFA had higher C18:1 trans-11 FA and C18:2 cis, and lower C18:3 FA in milk than those fed WF. Furthermore, cows fed CSFA had higher C18:1 trans-11 and cis-9, trans-11 FA than cows fed WS. Although supplemental C18:2 and C18:3 FA did not influence the milk yield of cows, they positively affected EB and increased unsaturated long-chain FA in milk fat.