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植物-微生物联合对环境有机污染物降解的研究进展 总被引:6,自引:1,他引:5
环境中有机污染物的过量积累对生态系统及人类健康造成严重威胁。近年来,许多学者研究发现植物-微生物联合作用对环境中有机污染物的去除及生态系统的修复具有非常显著的效果。本文主要从植物-内生菌、植物-菌根菌以及植物-根际微生物这三个层面详细阐述植物-微生物联合降解有机污染物的研究现状,分析植物-微生物在联合降解中的作用,揭示植物-微生物联合降解的机理。但就目前而言,植物-微生物联合降解有机污染物仍存在许多问题,植物-微生物联合降解有机污染物的机理及生态学效应仍不清楚。因此,还需要进一步探讨其潜在作用机制并加强应用实践,这将有助于污染生态系统的治理,促进环境可持续发展。 相似文献
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污染土壤中多环芳烃的共代谢降解过程 总被引:22,自引:0,他引:22
1 前 言多环芳烃是一类普遍存在于环境中的重要有机污染物 ,因其致癌性、致畸性、致突变性而被认为是危险物质。由于其水溶性低 ,辛醇 水分配系数高 ,因此 ,该类化合物易于从水中分配到生物体内、沉积层中。土壤成为多环芳烃的重要载体 ,多环芳烃污染土壤的生物修复也因此倍受关注。多环芳烃在土壤中有较高的稳定性 ,其苯环数与其生物可降解性明显呈负相关关系。很少有能直接降解高环数多环芳烃的微生物。研究表明 ,高分子量的多环芳烃的生物降解一般均以共代谢方式开始[1 3] 。共代谢作用可以提高微生物降解多环芳烃的效率 ,改变微生物碳… 相似文献
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多环芳烃微生物降解基因的研究进展 总被引:12,自引:2,他引:10
多环芳烃(PAHs)是环境中普遍存在的一类有机污染物,微生物的降解是PAHs去除的主要途径。近年来,有关PAHs微生物降解途径和代谢产物的研究已有很多报道。小分子PAHs一般可以直接被微生物降解,而大分子PAHs则需要微生物以共代谢的方式降解。在过去20年中,微生物降解PAHs的基因相继被发现,各种基因在调控PAHs降解过程中的功能也越来越清晰。本文概述了PAHs微生物降解基因方面的研究进展,详细介绍了微生物对萘、菲的降解基因,最后对PAHs微生物降解基因的应用前景进行了展望。 相似文献
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微生物降解持久性有机污染物的研究进展与展望 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
持久性有机污染物(POPs)是伴随着人类工业化发展而产生的合成类污染物,具有高毒性、持久性、长迁移性和高生物富集性等特点,POPs污染物的微生物降解一直是环境科学与技术应用领域的研究热点。微生物降解技术修复POPs污染环境具有无二次污染、成本低、快速简便等优点,拥有广泛的应用前景。本文论述了各种POPs微生物分解代谢的最新研究进展,包括降解性微生物资源以及降解机制。此外,还讨论了计算生物学、合成生物学、基因组学等技术在POPs微生物降解中的潜力和应用,以期为环境中持久性有机污染物的修复提供参考。 相似文献
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生物法处理是环境中有机污染物去除的主要途径,具有费用低、环境影响小等特点,其不足之处在于所需处理时间长,尤其当有机污染物难降解时,处理时间长达数十年甚至数百年。胞外活性氧(extracellular reactive oxygen species,EROS)是微生物代谢时产生的一类含氧活性基团,对难降解有机物的生物降解具有很好的促进作用。近年来,相关研究报道剧增,但目前尚未见综述报道。本文总结了EROS产生及其促进有机污染物降解领域的最新研究成果,主要从EROS的简介、产生的微生物和机理、对有机污染物降解的促进作用、未来研究方向及面临的挑战等几个方面展开论述,以期为研究者提供参考。 相似文献
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环境问题是21世纪人类面临的最严重的挑战。随着现代工农业飞速发展,生态环境日益恶化,难降解污染物如新兴污染物逐渐显现,已成为制约社会经济可持续发展的重要因素。微生物具有强大的环境修复能力,但是其进化速度远不及新兴污染物出现的速度,亟需应用合成生物学的技术来解决这一难题。在充分认识难降解有机污染物微生物降解(途径)特性的基础上,利用我国丰富的微生物与基因资源,运用合成生物学的手段,定向设计和改造现有降解菌株,构建能够降解一种或多种污染物的工程菌株;同时针对复合型污染,如废水等,在建立典型有机污染物代谢、调控和抗逆相关基因元件的模块库基础上,引入人工菌群等策略,对生物系统进行理性设计和组装,构建典型环境污染物的高效降解菌群,可有效促进我国新兴污染物微生物分解代谢的研究,为环境修复的工程应用提供技术支持。 相似文献
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对典型垃圾填埋覆盖土进行CH4原位富集和三氯乙烯(TCE)驯化,研究了其生物氧化能力和微生物群落结构变化.覆盖土CH4氧化速率为0.20~0.87 μmol·g-1 soil·h-1,TCE降解速率为0.009~0.013 mg·L-1·h-1,其中山东垃圾填埋场覆盖土土样甲烷氧化活性高于广东、上海和重庆地区土样.通过Illumina MiSeq测序技术分析了α多样性和驯化前后微生物菌群结构变化规律.结果表明: 在所有被注释的操作分类单元聚类结果中,细菌OTUs分配为39个门,85个纲,562个属,富集驯化后变形杆菌门、拟杆菌门、绿弯菌门和酸杆菌门仍为各土样的优势菌群,所占比例之和高于77.4%;γ-变形杆菌纲、β--变形杆菌纲、α-变形杆菌纲、放线菌纲和酸杆菌纲所占比例之和高于26.5%.嗜甲基菌属、厌氧绳菌属、节杆菌属和假单胞菌属经TCE驯化后,其相对丰度呈增加趋势.表明在覆盖土氯代烃生物降解过程中,除了被广泛认可的甲烷氧化菌异养共代谢机制以外,还存在非甲烷共代谢机制和氯代烃自养降解机制. 相似文献
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Paszczynski AJ Paidisetti R Johnson AK Crawford RL Colwell FS Green T Delwiche M Lee H Newby D Brodie EL Conrad M 《Biodegradation》2011,22(6):1045-1059
The Test Area North (TAN) site at the Idaho National Laboratory near Idaho Falls, ID, USA, sits over a trichloroethylene (TCE) contaminant plume in the Snake River Plain fractured basalt aquifer. Past observations have provided evidence that TCE at TAN is being transformed by biological natural attenuation that may be primarily due to co-metabolism in aerobic portions of the plume by methanotrophs. TCE co-metabolism by methanotrophs is the result of the broad substrate specificity of microbial methane monooxygenase which permits non-specific oxidation of TCE in addition to the primary substrate, methane. Arrays of experimental approaches have been utilized to understand the biogeochemical processes driving intrinsic TCE co-metabolism at TAN. In this study, aerobic methanotrophs were enumerated by qPCR using primers targeting conserved regions of the genes pmoA and mmoX encoding subunits of the particulate MMO (pMMO) and soluble MMO (sMMO) enzymes, respectively, as well as the gene mxa encoding the downstream enzyme methanol dehydrogenase. Identification of proteins in planktonic and biofilm samples from TAN was determined using reverse phase ultra-performance liquid chromatography (UPLC) coupled with a quadrupole-time-of-flight (QToF) mass spectrometer to separate and sequence peptides from trypsin digests of the protein extracts. Detection of MMO in unenriched water samples from TAN provides direct evidence of intrinsic methane oxidation and TCE co-metabolic potential of the indigenous microbial population. Mass spectrometry is also well suited for distinguishing which form of MMO is expressed in situ either soluble or particulate. Using this method, pMMO proteins were found to be abundant in samples collected from wells within and adjacent to the TCE plume at TAN. 相似文献
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Gut microorganisms, mammalian metabolism and personalized health care 总被引:16,自引:0,他引:16
The mammalian gut microbiota interact extensively with the host through metabolic exchange and co-metabolism of substrates. Such metabolome-metabolome interactions are poorly understood, but might be implicated in the aetiology of many human diseases. In this paper, we assess the importance of the gut microbiota in influencing the disposition, fate and toxicity of drugs in the host, and conclude that appropriate consideration of individual human gut microbial activities will be a necessary part of future personalized health-care paradigms. 相似文献
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Anaerobic degradation of chloroacetanilide herbicides 总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2
A. Konopka 《Applied microbiology and biotechnology》1994,42(2-3):440-445
Anaerobic microbial transformations of chloroacetanilide herbicides (alachlor, metolachlor, and propachlor) and aniline were investigated. Modest microbial transformations (in most cases 30–60% losses) of chloroacetanilide herbicides were found in agricultural soils incubated under anaerobic conditions for 30 days. Greater anaerobic losses were observed in anaerobic digestor sludge or rumen fluid. Anilines were not substantially transformed in any system within 30 days. The highest anaerobic activities metabolizing alachlor or propachlor occurred in anaerobic sludge. However, this biological activity could only be transferred if autoclaved sludge digestor material was added to the transfer medium, which suggests that the activities involved co-metabolism of the substrates. 相似文献
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Co-metabolic degradation of monofluorobenzoates was carried out by a mixed soil population in a basal salts medium. The monofluorobenzoates did not support growth of microorganisms but were shown to be subject to ring cleavage as a result of microbial activity. Rate of ring cleavage was increased by use of the co-substrate enrichment technique using glucose as the co-substrate. Results indicate that the monofluorobenzoates were subject to an initial co-metabolic attack with glucose, providing the energy necessary for co-metabolism to proceed to a point where complete metabolism became possible. 相似文献
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A significant portion of the total biodegradative activity toward synthetic compounds may involve cometabolism; thus, the latter represents an important type of microbial process. A mixed microbial population acclimated to highstrength industrial wastewater degraded about 90% of the organic carbon present in the wastewater. A reasonable agreement in the carbon balance provided clear evidence for the biodegradability of residual organic species. Based on the growth expression of Haldane to account for substrate inhibition, a substrate utilization model to quantify the role of cometabolism coupled with cellular maintenance is proposed. The kinetic parameters of the model have been estimated from experimental data. If the maintenance values are assumed negligible, as has been observed for wastewater systems, it is possible to quantify the magnitude of co-metabolism encountered in the biological oxidation of synthetic organic compounds. 相似文献
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青稞酒发酵过程中的风味功能微生物及其风味代谢特征解析 总被引:1,自引:1,他引:0
[背景]青稞酒是一个多菌种固态发酵的产物,解析发酵过程中重要的功能微生物及其代谢特征对调控青稞酒发酵具有重要作用。[目的]揭示青稞酒发酵过程中的风味功能微生物并解析其风味代谢特征。[方法]基于高通量测序技术揭示青稞酒发酵过程中的微生物群落多样性和组成;采用顶空固相微萃取结合气相色谱-质谱技术跟踪酒醅的风味信息;通过微生物属与风味物质的关联分析揭示青稞酒发酵过程中风味功能微生物菌群,并采用蒙特卡洛检验分析进一步揭示发酵过程理化因子对风味功能微生物菌群的影响;于实验室环境下重构6株微生物发酵体系,以揭示其风味代谢特征。[结果]青稞酒发酵过程中9个真菌属和8个细菌属(相对丰度>1%)占据优势,其中Aspergillus、Komagataella、Lactobacillus、Pichia、Saccharomyces和Weissella是青稞酒发酵过程主要风味功能微生物;发酵过程中还原糖(r^2=0.946 9,P=0.013 2)和酸度(r^2=0.847 6,P=0.048 6)是驱动风味功能微生物菌群演替的关键因子;6株菌的组合发酵实验揭示了体外系统与原位系统具有相同的微生物演替现象与相似的风味轮廓。[结论]研究揭示了青稞酒发酵过程关键的风味功能微生物以及驱动该菌群演替的重要环境因子,并通过组合发酵实验验证了这些微生物的风味代谢特征,为青稞酒发酵过程的风味调控提供了新的视角。 相似文献