氮素添加对呼伦贝尔草甸草原植物氮钾元素含量和计量比的影响

钾(K)是植物叶片中仅次于氮(N)的第二大营养元素,在调节植物生长发育、稳态维持和胁迫响应等方面具有重要作用。以往关于氮素输入对植物养分状况影响的研究中多关注了氮磷养分,较少关注钾及其与其他元素的计量关系。本研究以内蒙古呼伦贝尔草甸草原为对象,研究氮素添加和刈割对植物功能群水平和群落水平钾含量及计量特征(N∶K)的影响,分析功能群自身养分状况和群落组成改变对群落水平养分状况变化的相对贡献。结果表明: 为期6年的氮素添加提高了所有植物功能群的N含量以及根茎禾草和豆科植物的K含量,刈割降低了根茎禾草和丛生禾草的N含量,而对所有功能群的K含量和N∶K均无显著影响。氮素添加显著提高了群落水平植物N和K含量,刈割仅增加了群落植物的N含量。氮素添加和刈割对功能群和群落水平上的植物N∶K均无显著影响。功能群本身的养分变化情况对群落水平植物养分状况的贡献大于群落组成的贡献。在对群落水平养分特征的影响方面,功能群本身养分变化的贡献与群落组成的贡献具有负的协变关系。呼伦贝尔草甸草原植物具有较高的N∶K内稳性,能够较好地调节自身的氮钾平衡,这对氮沉降背景下维持氮钾元素计量关系具有重要意义。     

刈割时间和次数对牧草产量和品质的影响

研究了刈割时间和频率对牧草产量和品质的影响,结果表明：刈割间隔时间的延长使牧草的茎／叶比值和粗纤维含量显著增加,粗蛋白、粗灰分、Ｐ、Ｋ等的含量显著下降,其中Ｋ下降的幅度最大,其次是粗灰分、粗蛋白和Ｐ等．刈割时间对粗脂肪、Ｃａ、Ｍｇ的含量影响不大,没有统计学上的差异．适宜的刈割频率可提高牧草的产量和质量,隔５０－５５ｄ收割１次,可使牧草的产量和质量均维持较高的水平,隔５７ｄ割１次,牧草的蛋白质含量略有下降,而粗纤维含量却有不同程度的上升．     

长期模拟增温对矮嵩草草甸土壤理化性质与植物化学成分的影响

采用国际冻原计划(ITEX)长期模拟增温试验装置,研究了退化和未退化的矮嵩草草甸上植物化学成分(粗灰分、中性洗涤纤维、酸性洗涤纤维、木质素、粗脂肪、粗蛋白和无氮浸出物)含量、土壤环境因子(速效氮、速效钾、速效磷、全氮、全磷、全钾、有机质和土壤含水量)的变化及其相互关系。结果表明:长期模拟增温明显影响了土壤理化性质和3个功能群植物的化学成分含量(P0.05);在退化的矮嵩草草甸上长期模拟增温,两者存在明显的交互效应(P0.05),增温增加了植物可直接利用的土壤养分含量,但土壤中有机质、全氮、全磷、全钾和含水量均低于其各自对照,增温降低了优良牧草(禾草和莎草)粗脂肪、粗蛋白和无氮浸出物的含量,增加了粗灰分、中性洗涤纤维、酸性洗涤纤维和木质素含量,降低了牧草消化率;长期模拟增温条件下,土壤理化性质对植物化学成分的贡献大小依次是:速效氮有机质含水量速效钾。典型对应分析表明,长期模拟增温进一步巩固了未退化矮嵩草草甸禾草类和莎草类优势牧草的地位,杂类草逐渐衰退;而在退化矮嵩草草甸样地上长期模拟增温,群落优势种的优势度下降,加剧了草地退化。     

土壤-牧草氮素供需状况变化对高寒草甸植被演替与草地退化的影响

在中国科学院海北高寒草甸生态系统定位站 ,选取处于不同退化阶段的具有典型代表意义的草甸草场为研究对象 ,通过对其土壤氮素矿化补给能力、牧草对氮素的需求量的研究 ,探讨土壤 牧草氮素供需状况变化对高寒草甸植被演替与草地退化的影响。结果表明 ,在牧草生长季 5～ 8月 ,高寒草甸土壤的氮素矿化补给量为 15 86 g·m-2 ,而随着高寒草甸退化程度的加重 ,植物群落中优势种群由禾草演替为禾草 苔草 嵩草、嵩草至杂类草 ,其牧草生长需要的总氮量分别为 2 2 86、2 4 87、37 3、14 96g·m-2 ,只有在杂类草草甸阶段 ,其牧草生长对氮素的需求才与其土壤氮素供求相适配 ,可见养分是高寒草甸植被演替与草场退化的重要驱动因子之一。     

氮素输入和刈割对草甸草原植食性昆虫多度和物种丰富度的影响

为了揭示氮素输入和刈割2种管理措施对草甸草原中昆虫群落多度和丰富度的影响,本研究基于长期控制实验平台,于2022年8月采用抽吸取样法调查对照、氮素添加、刈割以及氮素添加和刈割交互作用4种处理下内蒙古草甸草原植食性昆虫多度和多样性变化。结果表明：氮素添加显著增加植食性昆虫群落多度,刈割显著降低植食性昆虫群落多度;在不刈割条件下,氮素添加对昆虫多度具有促进作用,而在刈割条件下作用不显著。氮素添加导致由禾本科植物多度增加介导的优势类群叶蝉科和长蝽科多度增加,进而增加了昆虫群落多度,刈割则恰好相反。氮素添加、刈割及其交互作用均不影响植食性昆虫的多样性。上述结果表明,植食性昆虫的多度受食物资源的直接调控,当资源可用性增多时,其数量会相应增加,且优势昆虫类群对资源变化的响应更为强烈。     

不同类型高寒草地群落结构与生产对施氮的响应及其敏感性

大气氮沉降增加被认为是目前重要的环境问题,会引起生物多样性的丧失和生态系统稳定性的降低。但作为草地改良的管理措施,养分添加被广泛应用于退化草地的恢复。但由于不同类型草地所处气候与群落组成的差异,对氮输入的响应可能不同。通过在藏北高原高寒草甸与高寒草甸草原设定长期氮添加梯度试验(对照, 25, 50, 100, 200 kg N hm~(-2) a~(-1)),来探讨氮输入对生物多样性与生产的影响,并估算不同类型高寒草地的氮饱和阈值。施氮对高寒草甸物种多样性指数无影响,而随着施氮量的提高高寒草甸草原植物物种数和多样性指数均逐渐降低。开始施肥前两年,随着施氮量提高高寒草甸地上生物量呈现逐渐增加趋势,随着施肥时间的延长地上生物量呈现先增加后降低的趋势。在高寒草甸草原随着施氮量提高地上生物量均呈现先增加后降低的趋势。随着施氮量提高,开始施氮前三年高寒草甸禾草植物地上生物量逐渐提高;随着施氮时间的延长,禾草和豆科植物地上生物量呈现先增加后降低的趋势。高寒草甸莎草植物地上生物量由施氮开始时的逐渐增加转变为先增加后降低趋势,最后变为逐渐降低的趋势,这说明施氮不利于莎草植物的生长。施氮只在施肥第四年显著提高杂草植物地上生物量。高寒草甸草原呈现不同的规律,开始施氮前三年随着施氮量提高,禾草植物地上生物量呈现先增加后降低的趋势;随着施氮时间的延长,禾草地上生物量逐渐提高。莎草和杂草植物地上生物量呈现先增加后降低趋势。利用对氮输入响应最敏感的植物功能群禾草生物量估算的高寒草甸和高寒草甸草原的氮饱和阈值分别是109.5、125.8 kg N hm~(-2) a~(-1),这说明高寒草甸氮敏感性显著高于高寒草甸草原。由此可见,未来氮沉降增加会对不同类型高寒草地产生不同的影响,在不同类型高寒草地进行施肥恢复时也应将氮饱和阈值的差异考虑在内。     

氮水添加对放牧背景下荒漠草原生产力的影响

水分与氮素作为干旱和半干旱草原生产力的共同限制性因子在退化草原的生态快速修复过程中备受关注。以不同放牧强度背景下的短花针茅荒漠草原为研究对象,开展围封模拟放牧利用实验,同时添加氮素和水分。通过分析历史放牧强度与年份对生产力的影响,以及添加氮素和水分对不同功能群植物生物量的作用,探讨放牧强度对短花针茅草原生产力的内在作用机制,以及如何实现荒漠草原资源合理开发和可持续利用。研究结果显示,降雨量与放牧强度决定着短花针茅草原的植物群落结构。氮素和水分添加可分别提升11%-29%和12%-32%的群落地上生物量,且二者存在显著的交互作用。不同功能群植物的地上生物量对氮素与水分添加的响应存在差异,多年生丛生禾草对氮素和水分添加响应最敏感。氮素与水分添加可显著提高多年生丛生禾草的地上生物量,但与自然降水量相关。氮素添加对地上生物量的影响在正常降雨和稍旱年份作用显著,而水分添加在干旱年份作用显著。在正常降雨年份,以半灌木植物为优势种的轻度放牧背景以添加水分对提升生产力最宜,以多年生丛生禾草和半灌木为共优种的中度放牧背景和以多年生丛生禾草为优势种的重度放牧以同时添加水分和氮素对提升生产力最为宜;在干旱年份不同放牧强度背景下均以同时添加水分和氮素对提升生产力最为宜。我们的结果表明了养分与资源的改善有利于退化短花针茅草原的快速恢复和可持续生产。     

Effect of altered litter input and nitrogen addition on ecosystem aboveground primary productivity and plant functional group composition in a semiarid grassland

不同的草原利用方式(围封、放牧和割草等)随着大气氮沉降的不断加剧, 改变了凋落物输入量。凋落物作为连接地上-地下碳循环过程的关键环节, 对草原生态系统生产力和碳循环过程影响显著。氮是草原生产力的主要限制因子, 凋落物输入量的变化对草原生态系统结构和功能的影响仍缺乏长期实验证据支持。该研究在内蒙古半干旱典型草原建立一个凋落物输入变化和氮添加控制实验平台, 通过连续6年对群落生产力和功能群组成的监测, 研究了凋落物添加与去除和氮添加对半干旱草原群落生产力和功能群组成的影响。研究发现: 1)凋落物输入量增加和氮添加均显著提高了群落生产力, 在对照和氮添加处理下, 凋落物去除处理导致生产力分别降低了8.4%和7.6%, 而凋落物添加处理使生产力分别提高了10.7%和6.3%; 2)不同植物功能群对凋落物输入变化和氮添加的响应存在差异, 导致群落功能群结构发生变化。随着凋落物输入量增加和氮添加, 群落优势功能群多年生禾草(包括多年生丛生禾草和多年生根茎禾草)的生物量显著提高, 对群落生产力的贡献增加, 在群落中的优势地位增强; 而另一优势功能群多年生杂类草生物量对凋落物和氮添加处理均无显著响应, 进而导致在氮添加处理下其对群落生物量的贡献比例显著降低; 3)凋落物输入主要改善土壤水分状况, 而氮添加则主要通过提高土壤养分含量, 促进群落生产力, 并通过影响主要功能群生物量, 导致群落结构发生变化。以上结果表明, 适当的草原管理方式如围封禁牧和降低放牧强度等都能通过增加凋落物的输入来提高草原生产力, 维持生态系统稳定性。而适量的氮等养分添加管理也有助于提高草原生产力, 促进其恢复。     

凋落物输入变化和氮添加对半干旱草原群落生产力及功能群组成的影响

不同的草原利用方式(围封、放牧和割草等)随着大气氮沉降的不断加剧, 改变了凋落物输入量。凋落物作为连接地上-地下碳循环过程的关键环节, 对草原生态系统生产力和碳循环过程影响显著。氮是草原生产力的主要限制因子, 凋落物输入量的变化对草原生态系统结构和功能的影响仍缺乏长期实验证据支持。该研究在内蒙古半干旱典型草原建立一个凋落物输入变化和氮添加控制实验平台, 通过连续6年对群落生产力和功能群组成的监测, 研究了凋落物添加与去除和氮添加对半干旱草原群落生产力和功能群组成的影响。研究发现: 1)凋落物输入量增加和氮添加均显著提高了群落生产力, 在对照和氮添加处理下, 凋落物去除处理导致生产力分别降低了8.4%和7.6%, 而凋落物添加处理使生产力分别提高了10.7%和6.3%; 2)不同植物功能群对凋落物输入变化和氮添加的响应存在差异, 导致群落功能群结构发生变化。随着凋落物输入量增加和氮添加, 群落优势功能群多年生禾草(包括多年生丛生禾草和多年生根茎禾草)的生物量显著提高, 对群落生产力的贡献增加, 在群落中的优势地位增强; 而另一优势功能群多年生杂类草生物量对凋落物和氮添加处理均无显著响应, 进而导致在氮添加处理下其对群落生物量的贡献比例显著降低; 3)凋落物输入主要改善土壤水分状况, 而氮添加则主要通过提高土壤养分含量, 促进群落生产力, 并通过影响主要功能群生物量, 导致群落结构发生变化。以上结果表明, 适当的草原管理方式如围封禁牧和降低放牧强度等都能通过增加凋落物的输入来提高草原生产力, 维持生态系统稳定性。而适量的氮等养分添加管理也有助于提高草原生产力, 促进其恢复。     

小型表栖节肢动物群落对高寒湿地退化的响应

为查明小型表栖节肢动物群落对高寒湿地退化的响应,2014年7月和9月利用吸虫器法对若尔盖高寒湿地的沼泽草甸、草原草甸、中度退化草甸3种生境的小型表栖节肢动物群落进行调查。结果为:共采集到小型表栖节肢动物18661只,隶属于3纲15目85类(科或属),优势类群为球圆跳属(Sphaeridia)、长跳属(Entomobrya)和莓螨科(Rhagidiidae),其中长跳属仅出现在草原草甸。小型表栖节肢动物群落结构在不同生境间差异明显,主成分分析(PCA)结果表明影响群落结构的主要类群是长跳属(Entomobrya)、球圆跳属(Sphaeridia)、齿步甲螨属(Odontocepheus)、瘤蚜科(Pemphigidae)和叶蝉科(Jassidae),但不同月份间存在差异。小型表栖节肢动物的群落密度及类群数均以草原草甸最高,中度退化草甸最低,3种生境间有显著差异(P0.01)。3种生境的小型表栖节肢动物群落密度均是7月显著低于9月(P0.01),Shannon-Wiener指数和Simpson优势度指数则是7月显著高于9月(P0.01);类群数在沼泽草甸中7月显著低于9月(P0.05),在草原草甸和中度退化草甸则是7月显著高于9月(P0.05)。典范对应分析(CCA)及多元回归分析结果表明植物种类、生物量、土壤有机质含量是影响小型表栖节肢动物群落组成结构、密度及多样性的主要因子。研究结果表明高寒湿地退化能够显著影响小型表栖节肢动物群落的组成结构、密度和多样性及其季节动态。     

内蒙古草甸草原地下芽库对极端干旱的响应

全球变化引发的极端气候事件严重影响草地生态系统结构与功能。然而,作为多年生草地重要繁殖体库,半干旱草甸草原地下芽库如何响应极端干旱尚未明确。本研究以内蒙古呼伦贝尔草甸草原为对象,利用模拟极端干旱样地平台,探究地下芽库及其与地上植被关系对模拟生长季极端干旱的响应。结果表明,环境降水水平与干旱处理下总芽密度分别为1443和1128芽·m^-2;分株总密度分别为1791和1346株·m^-2;群落整体分生组织制约系数分别为0.84和0.83。极端干旱对草甸草原地下芽库、地上分株密度以及二者之间关联均无显著影响。就优势植物功能群根茎型禾草而言,极端干旱对其地下芽库同样无显著影响。因此,地下芽库表现出对极端干旱一定程度的抵抗力,可作为草甸草原植被应对极端气候事件的保险策略,有效促进草甸草原在极端气候胁迫下的种群更新与植被恢复,有助于草甸草原植被稳定性与生态系统功能维持。     

Responses of Plant Community Composition and Biomass Production to Warming and Nitrogen Deposition in a Temperate Meadow Ecosystem

Climate change has profound influences on plant community composition and ecosystem functions. However, its effects on plant community composition and biomass production are not well understood. A four-year field experiment was conducted to examine the effects of warming, nitrogen (N) addition, and their interactions on plant community composition and biomass production in a temperate meadow ecosystem in northeast China. Experimental warming had no significant effect on plant species richness, evenness, and diversity, while N addition highly reduced the species richness and diversity. Warming tended to reduce the importance value of graminoid species but increased the value of forbs, while N addition had the opposite effect. Warming tended to increase the belowground biomass, but had an opposite tendency to decrease the aboveground biomass. The influences of warming on aboveground production were dependent upon precipitation. Experimental warming had little effect on aboveground biomass in the years with higher precipitation, but significantly suppressed aboveground biomass in dry years. Our results suggest that warming had indirect effects on plant production via its effect on the water availability. Nitrogen addition significantly increased above- and below-ground production, suggesting that N is one of the most important limiting factors determining plant productivity in the studied meadow steppe. Significant interactive effects of warming plus N addition on belowground biomass were also detected. Our observations revealed that environmental changes (warming and N deposition) play significant roles in regulating plant community composition and biomass production in temperate meadow steppe ecosystem in northeast China.     

Effect of fencing and grazing on a Kobresia-dominated meadow in the Qinghai-Tibetan Plateau

Grazing is one of the most important factors influencing community structure and productivity in natural grasslands. Fencing to exclude grazers is one of the main management practices used to protect grasslands. Can fencing improve grassland community status by restraining grazing? We conducted a field community study and indoor soil analyses to determine the long-term effects of fencing and grazing on the above-ground community and soil in a Kobresia-dominated meadow in the Qinghai-Tibetan Plateau, NW China. Our results showed that fencing significantly improved above-ground vegetation productivity but reduced plant density and species diversity. Long-term fencing favored the improvement of forage grass functional groups and restrained the development noxious weed functional groups. There were significant positive effects of fencing on below-ground organic matter, total nitrogen, available nitrogen, total phosphorus and available phosphorus. The productivity of grazed meadow showed a weak decrease over time. There were long-term decreasing trends for plant density both in fenced and grazed meadows. Our study suggests that grazing can be considered as a useful management practice to improve species diversity and plant density in long-term fenced grasslands and that periodic grazing and fencing is beneficial in grassland management.     

Nitrogen economy of alpine plants on the north Tibetan Plateau: Nitrogen conservation by resorption rather than open sources through biological symbiotic fixation

Nitrogen (N) is one of the most important factors limiting plant productivity, and N fixation by legume species is an important source of N input into ecosystems. Meanwhile, N resorption from senescent plant tissues conserves nutrients taken up in the current season, which may alleviate ecosystem N limitation. N fixation was assessed by the ¹⁵N dilution technique in four types of alpine grasslands along the precipitation and soil nutrient gradients. The N resorption efficiency (NRE) was also measured in these alpine grasslands. The aboveground biomass in the alpine meadow was 4–6 times higher than in the alpine meadow steppe, alpine steppe, and alpine desert steppe. However, the proportion of legume species to community biomass in the alpine steppe and the alpine desert steppe was significantly higher than the proportion in the alpine meadow. N fixation by the legume plants in the alpine meadow was 0.236 g N/m², which was significantly higher than N fixation in other alpine grasslands (0.041 to 0.089 g N/m²). The NRE in the alpine meadows was lower than in the other three alpine grasslands. Both the aboveground biomass and N fixation of the legume plants showed decreasing trends with the decline of precipitation and soil N gradients from east to west, while the NRE of alpine plants showed increasing trends along the gradients, which indicates that alpine plants enhance the NRE to adapt to the increasing droughts and nutrient‐poor environments. The opposite trends of N fixation and NRE along the precipitation and soil nutrient gradients indicate that alpine plants adapt to precipitation and soil nutrient limitation by promoting NRE (conservative nutrient use by alpine plants) rather than biological N fixation (open sources by legume plants) on the north Tibetan Plateau.     

温带草地主要优势植物不同器官间功能性状的关联

理解植物各器官间功能性状的关联, 有助于确定控制功能性状的内在机制以及性状间的比例关系。基于内蒙古温带草地19个地点、42种优势草本植物的野外观测, 分析了叶片、茎、生殖器官、细根和粗根间功能性状(N、P含量、N:P、比叶面积、比根长以及叶片和细根的组织密度)的关联。主要结果如下: 在种群和物种水平上, 各器官的N和P含量都显著正相关, 比叶面积与叶片N、P含量和组织密度在种群水平上显著负相关, 而在物种水平上没有显著的相关关系; 而比根长仅在种群水平上与细根的组织密度显著负相关。N、P含量以及N:P在各器官之间一致呈显著正相关, 而比叶面积和比根长没有显著的相关关系。叶片和细根的组织密度在种群水平上显著负相关, 而在物种水平上没有显著的相关关系。非禾草比禾草相应器官(除茎外)的N、P含量高, 但二者茎的N、P含量没有显著的差异; 豆科植物比非豆科植物相应器官的N含量高, 而P含量没有显著的差异。     

Photosynthetic and morphological functional types from different steppe communities in Inner Mongolia,North China

Morphological functional types and photosynthetic pathway types were identified for the forage species from steppe communities in Inner Mongolia, China, using the data of both field survey and published papers. Seven typical steppe communities were selected to investigate the morphological functional type and photosynthetic pathway type compositions and plant functional type (PFT) diversity in steppe communities at regional scale. Morphological functional types, based on plant height and leaf type combined with life span, were optimal for comparing the community differences in the region, while photosynthetic pathway types were fairly coarse for such studies. Of the seven morphological functional types in the steppe communities, perennial forbs (PEF) were the dominant type, and 60 % of species belonged to this type. Each of the high perennial grass (HPG), short perennial grass (SPG), and annual grass (ANG) types represented less than 10 % of the total, even though the grass species were dominant in the seven steppe communities. The differences of PFTs between the steppe communities were remarkable, and the PFT richness and diversity increased from the communities with moist conditions to the ones with dry environments.     

Grass species and their fungal symbionts affect subsequent forage growth

Persistence of forage grasses is enhanced through the deliberate and selective use of symbiotic fungal endophytes that confer benefits, particularly pest resistance. However, they have also been implicated in reduced plant community diversity as a result of directly or indirectly enhancing competitive ability. A relatively underexplored mechanism by which endophytes might influence pasture plant composition is by altering the biotic or abiotic soil conditions. To examine the soil conditioning effects of forage grass species and their fungal symbionts we tested the responses of three pasture plants, perennial ryegrass, prairie grass, and white clover in nine different soils that had been conditioned by monocultures of endophyte-containing (E+), or endophyte-free (E?), perennial ryegrass, tall fescue, or meadow fescue. Conditioning grass species had little effect on the responses of perennial ryegrass and prairie grass regardless of E+ or E? treatments. In contrast, conditioning species had a strong effect on the response of white clover, resulting in reduced biomass when grown in perennial ryegrass conditioned soils. The presence of endophyte also had significant growth consequences for white clover, but was either positive or negative depending on the conditioning grass species. In comparison to their respective E? treatments, E+ tall and meadow fescue conditioned soils resulted in reduced biomass of white clover, whereas E+ perennial ryegrass conditioned soils resulted in increased biomass of white clover. Among the conditioning strains (AR1, AR37, NEA2, WE) of E+ perennial ryegrass, white clover showed significantly different responses, but all responses were positive in comparison to the E? treatment. By examining the effects of several grass species and endophyte strains, we were able to determine the relative importance of grass species vs. fungal symbiont on soil conditioning. Overall, the conditioning effect of grass species was stronger than the effects associated with endophyte, particularly with regard to the response of white clover. We conclude that both grass species and their fungal endophytes can influence pasture plant community composition through plant–soil feedback.     

大兴安岭森林草原过渡带典型植物群落动态变化特征

大兴安岭森林草原过渡带是大兴安岭森林与呼伦贝尔草原接壤的关键区域。由于过渡带本身的脆弱性,气候变化和过度放牧等人为因素的干扰导致区域内植物群落结构和功能发生剧烈变化。然而,气候变化和放牧双重作用对森林草原过渡带草地植物群落动态影响的研究还鲜有报道。以内蒙古陈巴尔虎旗森林草原过渡带为研究对象,分别于2008、2009、2010和2019年沿着草甸草原-森林草原过渡区域-林间草地-森林的梯度进行野外调查,对比分析11年间受气候变化和过度放牧的双重干扰下,该区域植物物种丰富度、Raunkiear生活型功能群、牧草饲用价值以及群落生物量随时间的变化动态。结果表明：从总体上看,与2008-2010年均值相比,2019年植物物种数量明显下降,其中禾本科牧草减少10余种;植物Raunkiear生活型功能群组成发生显著变化,其中一、二年生植物物种数增加4%,地面芽植物降低8%;牧草饲用价值中优等牧草所占比例下降5%,劣等牧草比例增加7%;总地上生物量显著下降35%。在过渡带各区段中,草甸草原群落结构和功能受气候和过度放牧影响更加明显。与2008-2010年均值相比,2019年草甸草原群落物种丰富度降低12%,优等牧草比例降低4%,劣等牧草比例增加7%,植物地上生物量更是显著降低62%。对区域气候和放牧因素分析可得,年降水量和年均温与过渡带地上生物量均显著相关,其中降水是导致过渡带整体上生产力下降的主要因素;而过度放牧是导致草甸草原群落生产力下降的主要因素。