鼎湖山主要森林生态系统地表CH4通量

利用静态箱-气相色谱法对鼎湖山3种处于演替不同阶段的森林类型-季风常绿阔叶林、针阔叶混交林和马尾松林-的地表CH₄通量进行了为期一年的原位观测和研究,结果表明:3种林型地表吸收CH₄通量按从大到小的顺序为:季风林>混交林>松林,不同林型间的CH₄通量差异与森林土壤的性质有密切关系,即土壤容重越小、有机质含量与土壤温度和湿度都没有明显的相关性,但在旱季土壤温度成为控制地表CH₄通量的主要因子.     

辽东山区不同森林类型生态化学计量特征

森林生态系统化学计量对于阐明养分元素在生态系统中的供应状况及其耦合关系,揭示影响森林结构与功能恢复的限制性因子具有重要作用。本研究以辽东山区主要森林类型——次生阔叶混交林、柞树林、油松林和落叶松人工林、红松人工林为研究对象,通过测定叶片、凋落物和土壤的C、N、P含量,分析了不同林型的化学计量特征及差异。结果表明:1)不同林型的C、N、P含量差异显著,且各林型叶片和凋落物C、N、P含量均大于土壤;其中阔叶混交林土壤N含量最高,而柞树林土壤N含量最低。2)5种林型C∶N和C∶P变化趋势均为凋落物叶片土壤,N∶P为叶片凋落物土壤;其中叶片N∶P平均值为12.16,表明该地区植物生长可能存在N限制。阔叶混交林和柞树林与油松林、落叶松林和红松林N∶P差异显著,前者受N、P共同限制,后者受N限制。3)辽东山区森林植被叶片与凋落物的N、P、C∶N和N∶P均表现为正相关关系,土壤与叶片和凋落物N、C∶N均呈负相关关系。本研究表明,理解养分元素在"植物-凋落物-土壤"之间的生态化学计量特征,对于揭示整个森林生态系统的养分状况和生物化学循环过程极为重要。     

阔叶红松林不同演替阶段灌木叶片碳氮磷化学计量特征及其影响因素

灌木是森林生态系统的重要组成部分, 对于演替进程中灌木叶片化学计量特征的研究, 有助于全面理解和预测森林演替过程。该研究以黑龙江凉水国家自然保护区内处于阔叶红松(Pinus koraiensis)林不同演替阶段中的白桦(Betula platyphylla)次生林、落叶阔叶混交林、针阔混交林、阔叶红松林的灌木为研究对象, 分析其叶片的碳(C)、氮(N)、磷(P)化学计量特征差异, 并利用层次分割方法检验其与土壤、物种多样性的关系。主要结果为: 1)随着演替的进行, 阔叶红松林的叶片N含量显著高于其他3种林型, P含量与白桦次生林无显著差异, 但显著高于其他两种林型; 2)土壤N、P含量与个体尺度上的叶片N含量均呈显著正相关关系, 土壤P含量与叶片P含量呈显著正相关关系; 3)群落尺度上, 物种多样性和土壤化学性质共解释叶片N含量变异的82%和叶片P含量变异的62%; 4)群落尺度上Shannon多样性指数与灌木叶片的N、P含量呈显著正相关关系, 与灌木叶片的C:N、C:P呈显著负相关关系。总之, 阔叶红松林4个演替阶段灌木均受到氮限制; 相较于土壤的化学性质, 物种多样性更好地解释了灌木化学计量的变异。     

氮、磷添加对不同林型土壤磷酸酶活性的影响

研究了鼎湖山3种森林类型(南亚热带季风常绿阔叶林、马尾松人工林和针叶阔叶混交林)的土壤酸性磷酸单酯酶活性(APA)对施肥的响应情况。在3种林型中分别设置对照、加氮(150 kg N hm-2a-1)、加磷(150 kg P hm-2a-1)以及N和P同时添加(150 kg N hm-2a-1+150 kg P hm-2a-1)4种不同处理。结果表明,季风林土壤APA((15.83±2.46)μmol g-1h-1)显著高于混交林((10.71±0.78)μmol g-1h-1)和马尾松林((9.12±0.38)μmol g-1h-1),且3种林型土壤APA与土壤有效磷含量均呈显著负相关。施加N肥显著提高了季风林土壤APA,而对混交林和马尾松林的作用不显著。施加P肥显著降低了混交林和马尾松林土壤APA,但对季风林的影响不明显。N和P同时添加仅显著降低了马尾松林土壤APA,但在季风林中存在交互作用。因此,N沉降会加剧亚热带成熟林土壤P的限制,可以考虑施加P肥作为森林管理的一种方式来缓解这种限制作用。     

小兴安岭5种林型土壤呼吸时空变异

原始阔叶红松林、谷地云冷杉林、阔叶红松择伐林、次生白桦林、人工落叶松林是小兴安岭乃至东北地区的重要森林类型。采用红外气体分析法比较测定了这几种森林类型的土壤呼吸及其相关环境因子,分析探讨了这几种森林类型土壤呼吸的时空变异。结果表明:各林型土壤呼吸与5 cm深土壤温度(T5)呈显著的指数相关,并且土壤呼吸与土壤温度、土壤湿度及其相互作用的回归模型可以解释各林型土壤呼吸约71%的季节变异。生长季平均土壤呼吸速率为次生白桦林(3.59μmolCO.2m-.2s-1)>谷地云冷杉林(3.52μmolCO.2m-.2s-1)>阔叶红松择伐林(3.44μmolCO.2m-.2s-1)>原始阔叶红松林(2.58μmolCO.2m-.2s-1)>人工落叶松林(2.29μmolCO.2m-.2s-1),说明土壤呼吸对原始阔叶红松林人为干扰的响应是不同的。各林型Q10值介于1.84(人工落叶松林)—2.32(次生白桦林)之间。在整个生长季,各林型之间土壤呼吸的变异系数变化幅度为19.74%—37.39%,而各林型内土壤环间其变化幅度为32.13%—60.20%,显著大于样地间的变化幅度14.28%—35.70%(P<0.001),说明土壤呼吸在细微尺度上的差异更大。土壤湿度可以解释各林型(阔叶红松林除外)内部土壤呼吸15.8%—33.5%的空间异质性。     

鼎湖山退化马尾松林、混交林和季风常绿阔叶林土壤全磷和有效磷的比较

土壤全磷和有效磷浓度的变化随林型和季节不同而异,总的来说,其大小顺序为:季风常绿阔叶林> 混交林>马尾松林(林型);夏季>冬季>春季>秋季(季节),有效磷浓度为:秋季>春季>冬季>夏季(季 节)。收割林下层和凋落物这种人为干扰活动对土壤全磷含量的影响不明显,但对土壤有效磷含量具有显著 的影响。在试验开始时(1990年5月),土壤全磷和有效磷浓度在马尾松林保护样地(停止人为干扰)和处理样 地(按当地习惯继续收割林下层和凋落物)间的差异均不显著。经七年多的试验后,土壤全磷浓度在保护样地 和处理样地间仍十分相似,但土壤有效磷浓度在保护样地显著高于处理样地,说明保护样地在停止人为干扰 后相对于继续受干扰的处理样地其林地条件得到了改善,从而使土壤有效磷含量也得到提高。只要停止人为 干扰,鼎湖山退化马尾松林土壤有效磷供应力是可以自然恢复到季风常绿阔叶林的水平。     

吉林省主要林型森林火灾的碳量释放

火是森林生态系统主要的干扰因子,森林火灾的频繁发生不仅使森林生态系统遭到破坏,同时也造成了含碳温室气体的大量释放。国际上对森林火灾释放温室气体的研究越来越多,中国学者也对我国森林火灾释放的温室气体进行了研究。当前,对森林火灾释放碳量的估算主要应用平均生物量数据,而不是应用每次森林火灾实际燃烧的生物量,另外对林型森林火灾碳释放的差异研究不够深入。根据每次森林火灾实际燃烧的生物量来研究吉林省主要林型森林火灾碳释放。根据吉林省1969—2004年的森林火灾统计数据,计算出了吉林省主要林型森林火灾释放碳量。其中,白桦林、阔叶混交林、针阔混交林、落叶松林、柞树林、杨树林和红松林森林火灾直接释放的碳量占1969—2004年吉林省森林火灾碳释放总量的99.7%。白桦林、阔叶混交林、针阔混交林、落叶松林、柞树林、杨树林和红松林森林火灾年均释放的碳量分别为6593.75-8791.66、5650.28-7533.71、3906.57-5208.76、2110.75-2814.33、1613.71-2151.61、295.49-393.98、234.37-312.50 t。用排放比法得出了吉林省主要林型森林火灾释放的CO2、CO、CH4量。白桦林、阔叶混交林、针阔混交林、落叶松林、柞树林、杨树林和红松林森林火灾年均释放的CO2量分别为21759.36-29012.48、18645.93-24861.24、12891.69-17188.92、6965.46-9287.29、5325.25-7100.33、975.11-1300.14、773.43-1031.24 t,年均释放的CO量分别为1583.09-2110.78、1356.57-1808.76、937.93-1250.57、506.77-675.69、387.43-516.58、70.94-94.59、56.27-75.03 t,年均释放的CH4量分别为534.71-712.94、458.20-610.93、316.80-422.39、171.17-228.22、130.86-174.48、23.96-31.95、19.01-25.34 t。通过时间系列分析,白桦林自1980年以后、针阔混交林自1984年以后和红松林自1983年以后已经不是主要森林火灾碳释放林型。目前主要森林火灾碳释放林型为阔叶混交林、落叶松林、柞树林和杨树林,特别是柞树林,年均碳释放为237.12-316.16 t。     

南亚热带森林演替过程中土壤线虫群落结构变化

森林演替会通过改变植物群落组成和土壤环境影响土壤生物群落, 反过来, 土壤生物群落的变化也会对生态系统的演替产生反馈作用, 但迄今南亚热带森林演替过程中土壤生物群落的变化特征尚不清晰。本研究以广东省鼎湖山的南亚热带森林演替序列(马尾松(Pinus massoniana)林-针阔叶混交林-季风常绿阔叶林)为对象, 研究了森林演替过程中土壤线虫多样性和群落结构的动态变化及其影响因素。通过采集不同演替阶段的土壤样品, 分析和比对了不同演替阶段土壤线虫的多度、多样性、群落组成、土壤线虫生态指数以及土壤理化性质的差异。结果表明: (1)在南亚热带森林演替过程中, 针阔叶混交林和季风常绿阔叶林土壤线虫的α多样性显著高于马尾松林, 但土壤线虫总数和各营养类群多度及其相对丰度并无显著变化; (2)针阔叶混交林中土壤线虫富集指数显著高于马尾松林, 表明其土壤养分状况要好于马尾松林, 而季风常绿阔叶林土壤线虫结构指数较高, 表明其受干扰程度较低; (3)针阔叶混交林的土壤含水量和土壤理化性质(除土壤总磷含量)已达到季风常绿阔叶林的水平, 但两者的土壤pH值均显著低于马尾松林, 而土壤pH值和土壤含水量是影响土壤线虫群落动态变化的主要因素。综上所述, 南亚热带森林中土壤线虫多度、多样性和群落结构对森林演替的响应略有不同, 演替过程中土壤环境因素的趋同是导致针阔叶混交林和季风常绿阔叶林中土壤线虫多样性和群落特征相似的主要原因。     

长白山地区不同林型红松种群生态位特征

采用Levins、Hurlbert生态位宽度和Pianka生态位重叠计测方法,分析长白山地区不同林型红松种群生态位特征。结果表明,红松种群是长白山地区顶极群落原始阔叶红松林的优势种群,其生态位宽度呈现原始阔叶红松林白桦林落叶松阔叶混交林。相比于其他种群的生态位宽度,总体上原始阔叶红松林中耐阴树种的生态位宽度较大,阳性树种的生态位宽度较小,而次生林则相反。在生态位重叠方面,红松与各林型中其他种群表现出不完全重叠。在原始阔叶红松林和白桦林中,红松与其他乔木种群对资源有明显的共享趋势。红松与原始阔叶红松林的色木槭、紫椴、青楷槭、白桦,与落叶松阔叶混交林的紫椴、蒙古栎、长白落叶松,与白桦林的色木槭、白桦,对同一资源有相同或相似的要求,且当资源不足时会产生竞争。     

鼎湖山主要森林类型土壤交换性阳离子含量及其季节动态特征

研究鼎湖山自然保护区马尾松林、马尾松荷木混交林和季风常绿阔叶林三种代表性森林类型表层土壤(0~20cm)交换性阳离子含量及其季节动态。结果表明:土壤交换性阳离子含量因元素种类、森林类型和季节不同而异。三种森林土壤交换性阳离子含量都表现为:Al3+>H+>K+>Ca2+、Mg2+、Na+。几乎所有调查的阳离子含量在阔叶林显著高于马尾松林和混交林,但后两者之间大多数阳离子含量差异不显著。鼎湖山森林土壤可交换性阳离子含量虽然较高,但盐基饱和度却很低。马尾松林、混交林和阔叶林土壤可交换性阳离子含量在1997年6月份分别为:58.3、84.5和118.7mmolc/kg,盐基饱和度分别为:5.5%、3.2%和4.5%。三种森林土壤交换性Ca2+、Mg2+、K+和H+含量季节差异极显著(P<0.001),但交换性Al3+含量只在马尾松林土壤存在极显著的季节性差异(P<0.001)。同一元素季节变化大小程度趋向马尾松林>混交林>阔叶林。森林土壤交换性Ca2+、Na+和H+含量与土壤pH值相关关系不明显,但交换性Mg2+、K+和Al3+与土壤pH值间呈极显著负相关。     

Changes in Forest Soil Properties in Different Successional Stages in Lower Tropical China

Background

Natural forest succession often affects soil physical and chemical properties. Selected physical and chemical soil properties were studied in an old-growth forest across a forest successional series in Dinghushan Nature Reserve, Southern China.

Methodology/Principal Findings

The aim was to assess the effects of forest succession change on soil properties. Soil samples (0–20 cm depth) were collected from three forest types at different succession stages, namely pine (Pinus massoniana) forest (PMF), mixed pine and broadleaf forest (PBMF) and monsoon evergreen broadleaf forest (MEBF), representing early, middle and advanced successional stages respectively. The soil samples were analyzed for soil water storage (SWS), soil organic matter (SOM), soil microbial biomass carbon (SMBC), pH, NH₄ ⁺-N, available potassium (K), available phosphorus (P) and microelements (available copper (Cu), available zinc (Zn), available iron (Fe) and available boron (B)) between 1999 and 2009. The results showed that SWS, SOM, SMBC, Cu, Zn, Fe and B concentrations were higher in the advanced successional stage (MEBF stage). Conversely, P and pH were lower in the MEBF but higher in the PMF (early successional stage). pH, NH₄ ⁺-N, P and K declined while SOM, Zn, Cu, Fe and B increased with increasing forest age. Soil pH was lower than 4.5 in the three forest types, indicating that the surface soil was acidic, a stable trend in Dinghushan.

Conclusion/Significance

These findings demonstrated significant impacts of natural succession in an old-growth forest on the surface soil nutrient properties and organic matter. Changes in soil properties along the forest succession gradient may be a useful index for evaluating the successional stages of the subtropical forests. We caution that our inferences are drawn from a pseudo-replicated chronosequence, as true replicates were difficult to find. Further studies are needed to draw rigorous conclusions regarding on nutrient dynamics in different successional stages of forest.     

Effect of annual variation in soil pH on available soil nutrients in pear orchards

Soil pH is an important factor affecting the availability of soil nutrients that impact plant growth. Given the susceptibility of soil pH to excessive fertilization and the widespread use of manures, it is essential to examine the influence of soil pH on the distribution and availability of soil nutrients. We sampled and analyzed brown soils from pear orchards in thirteen towns in Wendeng county. Samples were obtained from areas along or between rows of trees at specified distances and depths. The results showed that the soil pH fluctuated from 4.06 to 6.59 in October 2008 and from 4.24 to 7.57 in April 2009. The quantity of soil samples with pH below 5.50 increased by 34.6%. Analysis of the soil pH for samples obtained along the rows of trees showed that the pH decreased as the depth increased (except for the range 5.5 to 6.0); soil pH in the samples obtained between the rows of trees demonstrated different trends. The average organic matter (O.M.) content as well as the N (NH₄⁺) and available P, K, Cu, Zn, Fe, and Mn contents in the samples collected in October 2008 were higher than those observed in April 2009. Conversely, the values for other available nutrients were lower than those in the samples collected in April 2009. The available nutrients and organic matter (O.M.) content in different pH ranges varied. The soil pH was significantly or very significantly correlated with N (NH₄⁺ and NO₃^-), available K, Cu, Fe, and exchangeable Ca for the October 2008 samples, while a significant or very significant correlation existed between N (NH₄⁺), available P, Zn, exchangeable Ca, and exchangeable Mg for the April 2009 samples. The correlations between soil pH and the amounts of available nutrients and organic matter (O.M.) along the rows of trees in September 2009 were nearly consistent with those between the rows.     

Effect of annual variation in soil pH on available soil nutrients in pear orchards

Soil pH is an important factor affecting the availability of soil nutrients that impact plant growth. Given the susceptibility of soil pH to excessive fertilization and the widespread use of manures, it is essential to examine the influence of soil pH on the distribution and availability of soil nutrients. We sampled and analyzed brown soils from pear orchards in thirteen towns in Wendeng county. Samples were obtained from areas along or between rows of trees at specified distances and depths. The results showed that the soil pH fluctuated from 4.06 to 6.59 in October 2008 and from 4.24 to 7.57 in April 2009. The quantity of soil samples with pH below 5.50 increased by 34.6%. Analysis of the soil pH for samples obtained along the rows of trees showed that the pH decreased as the depth increased (except for the range 5.5 to 6.0); soil pH in the samples obtained between the rows of trees demonstrated different trends. The average organic matter (O.M.) content as well as the N (NH₄⁺) and available P, K, Cu, Zn, Fe, and Mn contents in the samples collected in October 2008 were higher than those observed in April 2009. Conversely, the values for other available nutrients were lower than those in the samples collected in April 2009. The available nutrients and organic matter (O.M.) content in different pH ranges varied. The soil pH was significantly or very significantly correlated with N (NH₄⁺ and NO₃^-), available K, Cu, Fe, and exchangeable Ca for the October 2008 samples, while a significant or very significant correlation existed between N (NH₄⁺), available P, Zn, exchangeable Ca, and exchangeable Mg for the April 2009 samples. The correlations between soil pH and the amounts of available nutrients and organic matter (O.M.) along the rows of trees in September 2009 were nearly consistent with those between the rows.     

西双版纳望天树林土壤养分含量及其季节变化

 对西双版纳望天树(Shorea chinensis)林地0～10 cm和10～25㎝土层的有机质,全氮、磷、钾,速效氮、磷、钾等几种营养元素的含量状态及雨季前后的变化进行了研究。结果表明：土壤的养分含量变化为旱季结束＞雨季结束,沟谷地带雨林＞低山地带雨林,并且差异显著;表土0～10 cm是养分富集区,10 cm以下土层的养分含量锐减,两层养分含量对比,除钾元素以外均差异显著,表明望天树热带雨林生存的环境与植被的生活习性,对土壤养分的含量都有一定的影响。雨季对林地土壤的全钾和速效磷含量影响很大,对有机质、全磷和速效钾的含量影响较小,对氮素的影响是低山雨林＞沟谷雨林。雨季期间土壤中的磷素消耗到严重缺乏的水平。     

福建红壤区不同侵蚀强度马尾松林地土壤营养元素变化特征

采用野外调查和室内分析的方法对福建红壤区不同侵蚀强度马尾松林地土壤营养元素动态进行研究,以揭示红壤侵蚀区不同侵蚀强度对马尾松林地土壤营养元素的影响.结果表明:除速效磷以外,侵蚀强度显著改变了土壤有机质、碱解氮、全钾、速效钾的含量以及土壤pH.土壤有机质和碱解氮在中度侵蚀马尾松林地含量最高,随着侵蚀强度的增加植被覆盖减少,土壤有机质和碱解氮显著降低.土壤全钾和速效钾含量随着侵蚀强度的增加而显著增加,土壤速效磷随着侵蚀强度的增加没有显著的变化.土壤pH值随着土壤侵蚀强度和土壤深度的增加而显著增加.皮尔逊相关关系分析表明:有机质与碱解氮、全钾和pH显著相关.灰色关联度分析表明:除侵蚀强度对营养元素和pH有显著影响外,坡度对土壤营养元素和pH影响较大;覆盖度对有机质、碱解氮和速效磷影响较大.因此,植被恢复和植被生境的综合治理是红壤侵蚀区生态恢复与重建的有效途径.     

Increasing phosphorus limitation along three successional forests in southern China

Background and Aims

Phosphorus (P) is commonly one of most limiting nutrients in tropical and subtropical forests, but whether P limitation would be exacerbated during forest succession remains unclear.

Methods

Soil phosphatase activity is often used as an indicator of P limitation. Here we examined soil acid phosphatase activity (APA) underneath tree species in pine forest (PF), mixed pine and broadleaf forest (MF) and monsoon evergreen broadleaf forest (MEBF) which represented the early, middle and late successional stages of subtropical forests in China, respectively. We also analyzed other indicators of P status (soil available P and N and P stoichiometry of the tree species).

Results

APA or APA per unit soil organic carbon under tree species was relatively low in the early successional forest. Different from PF and MF, soil available P beneath the tree species was lower than in the bulk soils in MEBF. Soil APA was closely related to N:P ratios of tree species across all three forests.

Conclusions

Our results imply that P limitation increases during forest succession at our site. The dominant tree species with low soil APAs in MEBF are likely more P-limited than other tree species.     

南亚热带森林植被恢复演替序列的土壤有机碳氮矿化

采用室内培养的方法,分析了南亚热带鼎湖山森林植被恢复演替序列不同阶段代表性森林—马尾松林、针阔叶混交林和季风常绿阔叶林土壤(0~10cm)CO2、CH4排放/吸收和有机氮矿化的差异.结果表明:3种森林土壤培养52周的CO2-C累积排放量分别为(30.66±3.36)、(58.17±7.25)和(59.31±13.58)mg·kg-1,而其中的65.12%、64.41%和64.12%均在前9周被排放;马尾松林土壤的CO2-C累积排放量一直显著小于针阔叶混交林和季风常绿阔叶林;用相符的二库动力学模型模拟的活性库和惰性库的碳矿化速率均呈递减趋势;土壤培养52周吸收CH4的累积量、培养20周有机氮净矿化量和净硝化量均为马尾松林<针阔叶混交林<季风常绿阔叶林(P<0.05),净矿化的有效氮以硝态氮为主.说明森林植被类型的变化改变了土壤有机碳的分解速率,这是其影响土壤有机碳含量的一种内在方式.     

外来树种日本落叶松对森林土壤质量及细菌多样性的影响

以甘肃小陇山林区8～30年林龄日本落叶松林（外来树种）、油松林（乡土树种）及次生林为研究对象,研究了不同树种森林的土壤质量和细菌多样性变化.结果表明: 不同树种森林土壤pH无明显变化;林龄越长,土壤含水量越高.土壤总氮与有机质含量以次生林最高,其次为日本落叶松,油松最低.不同林龄森林土壤总氮与有机质含量无明显变化,表明树种是影响土壤质量的主要因素.与乡土树种油松相比,外来树种日本落叶松显著提高了土壤全氮及土壤有机质含量.变性梯度凝胶电泳(DGGE)图谱显示,次生林土壤细菌多样性最高,而外来树种日本落叶松土壤细菌多样性最低.对DGGE图谱的聚类分析发现,小陇山不同森林土壤细菌类群分属变形杆菌、噬纤维黄杆菌和高G+C含量革兰氏阳性细菌类,其中分属变形杆菌为主要类群.进一步分析发现,日本落叶松的细菌群落组成具有更高的相似度,说明日本落叶松正在使该地区土壤细菌多样性发生变化.     

祁连山西水林区土壤阳离子交换量及盐基离子的剖面分布

以祁连山西水林区分布的棕钙土、灰褐土、栗钙土和高山草甸土为对象,研究了阳离子交换量和盐基离子(K+、Na+、Ca2+、Mg2+)的剖面分布规律及其与土壤理化因子的关系。结果表明:土壤阳离子交换量(CEC,介于4.80—48.10 cmol/kg)和盐基总量(TEB,介于4.67—21.34 cmol/kg)随剖面深度的增加逐渐减小,不同土壤类型的大小顺序为:灰褐土>高山草甸土>栗钙土>棕钙土;土壤盐基组成以Ca2+、Mg2+为主(占TEB的比例平均为71.6%、22.9%),K+、Na+所占比例较低(占TEB的比例平均为3.3%、2.2%);棕钙土、灰褐土和栗钙土盐基离子的剖面分布由浅至深呈现:K+≈Ca2+>Na+≈Mg2+,高山草甸土盐基离子则呈现:K+>Na+>Mg2+>Ca2+。不同土壤类型间盐基离子的含量及饱和度随发生层次不同存在较大差异。土壤有机质是CEC的主要贡献因素,粉粒对CEC也有显著的促进作用,而砂粒、CaCO3对CEC有显著抑制作用。土壤生物复盐基作用弱于淋溶作用,造成盐基饱和度较大(BSP,介于44.4%—97.2%),并随剖面深度的增加逐渐增大。相关性分析表明,土壤交换性Na+、Mg2+的含量及饱和度均呈极显著正相关,交换性Na+、Mg2+饱和度与CaCO3含量呈极显著正相关;pH值与BSP呈极显著正相关;土壤速效P含量与CEC呈极显著正相关,速效K含量与交换性K+含量呈极显著正相关。