共查询到18条相似文献,搜索用时 140 毫秒
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硼营养与植物细胞壁关系的研究进展 总被引:5,自引:0,他引:5
植物必需的7种微量元素中,植物缺硼最为普遍,因而引起人们的广泛关注。半个多世纪以来,学者们对硼的生理功能和硼肥应用进行了广泛的研究,为农业生产作出了重大贡献。但由于硼元素的特殊性,至今对硼在植物体内的存在形式和基本生理功能仍不十分清楚。不同植物的缺硼症状尽管各不相同,但一个显著的共同特征就是根尖和茎尖的伸长首先受到抑制。顶端生长依赖于细胞分裂和细胞伸长,由此可见,硼必然首先影响分生组织的细胞分裂和细胞伸长。硼对细胞分裂的影响已进行了大量的研究。Whittington〔1〕曾报道缺硼减少大豆有丝分… 相似文献
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植物硼营养研究的重要进展与展望 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
硼是高等植物必需的矿质营养元素, 但是人们对硼行使生理功能及其分子机理的认识远落后于其它必需营养元素。近几年国际上植物硼营养的研究取得了一些重要的突破。首先是进一步明确了B-RG-II复合物的形成及其影响细胞壁结构和功能的分子机制, 并且发现B-RG-II的形成及其含量与陆生植物的进化密切相关。其次是在拟南芥中克隆了第一个植物硼转运子基因 BOR1, 并揭示了它的作用机理; 通过转基因实验证明了植物硼的高效吸收与水通道基因NIP5;1密切相关。进而通过大量的种质筛选, 从油菜、小麦、大麦及棉花等农作物中获得一批硼高效吸收利用的优异种质材料, 并开展了硼高效QTL定位和克隆。本文详细综述了以上几个方面的研究进展, 并对进一步的研究做了展望。 相似文献
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植物硼营养研究的重要进展与展望 总被引:9,自引:0,他引:9
硼是高等植物必需的矿质营养元素,但是人们对硼行使生理功能及其分子机理的认识远落后于其它必需营养元素。近几年国际上植物硼营养的研究取得了一些重要的突破。首先是进一步明确了B-RG-II复合物的形成及其影响细胞壁结构和功能的分子机制,并且发现B-RG-II的形成及其含量与陆生植物的进化密切相关。其次是在拟南芥中克隆了第一个植物硼转运子基因BOR1,并揭示了它的作用机理;通过转基因实验证明了植物硼的高效吸收与水通道基因NIP5;1密切相关。进而通过大量的种质筛选,从油菜、小麦、大麦及棉花等农作物中获得一批硼高效吸收利用的优异种质材料,并开展了硼高效QTL定位和克隆。本文详细综述了以上几个方面的研究进展,并对进一步的研究做了展望。 相似文献
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硼对油菜体内核酸代谢的影响 总被引:12,自引:0,他引:12
硼胁迫造成油菜植株生长异常,使幼苗干物重显著下降;而幼苗叶片和花纲内RNase活性产强,RNA的分解加剧,RNA和DNA含量均下降,引起蛋白质的合成受阻,可溶性蛋白质含量急剧减少。这说明缺硼或硼过量时,植物体内核酸分解和加剧是核酸含量下降的一个重要原因。 相似文献
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硼和镉两种元素是影响油菜产量和品质的两个重要因素.硼是植物生长所必需的微量元素,施硼是油菜种植的必需环节;镉是植物生长的非必要元素,易在油菜体内富集,可能通过食物链危害人体健康.本文主要从镉含量与油菜食品安全品质角度考虑,阐述了油菜对镉的积累和耐受机制;同时,概括了前人总结的硼对油菜的产量和品质的影响.最后,结合本人研究区广西地区土壤有效硼含量低,全镉含量高的现状,提出运用硼镉交互作用机理,通过施加适量硼肥,提高油菜的产量和品质,消除土壤镉的潜在危害,从本质上改善该地区土壤存在的低硼高镉现状. 相似文献
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硼促进油莱幼苗生长和对N、P、K、Ca营养元素的吸收。当油莱生长介质中钙浓度增大时,植株吸硼量和硼在新叶中的积累减少,老叶中积累增加。硼在油莱体内的运转系数在低硼条件下较大,并随钙处理水平的增加而下降。结果表明,在硼素供应有限的条件下,油菜体内硼仍具-定的移动性,钙则使硼的吸收和移动性下降。 相似文献
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近年来国外学者发现杨树(Populus spp.)对硼表现出很强的富集能力和极强的耐受能力, 但其耐硼胁迫的生理机制和种间差异仍不清楚。该研究通过两年的硼梯度控制试验, 探讨了硼胁迫对欧洲黑杨杂交种俄罗斯杨(Populus russkii)和银白杨变种新疆杨(P. bolleca)的生长和生理指标的影响。结果表明, 新疆杨的耐高硼能力高于俄罗斯杨, 其高硼伤害阈值(EC10)为35 mg·kg–1, 俄罗斯杨为19 mg·kg–1。两种杨树的过氧化氢酶(CAT)和愈创木酚过氧化物酶(Gu-POD)活性随硼浓度升高而升高, 超过EC10后显著下降。尽管两种杨树的叶绿素含量和光化学效率在硼胁迫下降低, 但抗硼胁迫能力较强的新疆杨仍然保持了较高的叶绿素a/b值和热耗散能力(非光化学淬灭升高), 因此有效地保护了该树种的光合能力。两种杨树的可溶性糖含量随硼胁迫加重而适应性升高, 以维持其抗渗透能力, 但其叶片可溶性蛋白含量仅在中低强度的硼胁迫条件下有所升高。该研究明确了两个富集硼的杨树种对高硼胁迫的生理响应及其种间差异。 相似文献
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《Cell cycle (Georgetown, Tex.)》2013,12(1):24-26
Boron is an abundant mineral essential for the life cycle of plants and may play a role in animal development and growth. Very little is known about boron homeostasis in plant and animal cells and the physiological roles of boron in animals. The recent identification of boron transporters, BOR1 in plants and NaBC1 in mammals, and that NaBC1 functions as an electrogenic Na+-coupled borate transporter essential for cell growth and proliferation open the way to probe the roles of boron in cellular function and physiology. 相似文献
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Use of phenylboronic acids to investigate boron function in plants. Possible role of boron in transvacuolar cytoplasmic strands and cell-to-wall adhesion 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1 下载免费PDF全文
The only defined physiological role of boron in plants is as a cross-linking molecule involving reversible covalent bonds with cis-diols on either side of borate. Boronic acids, which form the same reversible bonds with cis-diols but cannot cross-link two molecules, were used to selectively disrupt boron function in plants. In cultured tobacco (Nicotiana tabacum cv BY-2) cells, addition of boronic acids caused the disruption of cytoplasmic strands and cell-to-cell wall detachment. The effect of the boronic acids could be relieved by the addition of boron-complexing sugars and was proportional to the boronic acid-binding strength of the sugar. Experiments with germinating petunia (Petunia hybrida) pollen and boronate-affinity chromatography showed that boronic acids and boron compete for the same binding sites. The boronic acids appear to specifically disrupt or prevent borate-dependent cross-links important for the structural integrity of the cell, including the organization of transvacuolar cytoplasmic strands. Boron likely plays a structural role in the plant cytoskeleton. We conclude that boronic acids can be used to rapidly and reversibly induce boron deficiency-like responses and therefore are useful tools for investigating boron function in plants. 相似文献
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Production of melon (Cucumis melo) may be limited by excesses of boron and salinity, and it was hypothesized that melon grafted onto Cucurbita rootstock would be more tolerant to excessive boron concentrations than non-grafted plants. The objectives of this study
were (i) to determine the effects of salinity and excessive boron concentrations in irrigation water on growth and yields
of grafted and non-grafted melon plants; and (ii) to study the interaction between the effects of salinity and boron on the
uptake of macroelements and boron by grafted and non-grafted melon plants. The plants were grown in pots of Perlite in a greenhouse.
The combined effects of boron and salinity on growth and yield were investigated for five boron concentrations, ranging from
0.2 to 10 mg L− 1, and two salinity levels, electrical conductivity (EC) 1.8 and 4.6 dS m− 1, in the irrigation water. With low salinity the boron concentrations in old leaves of non-grafted and grafted plants ranged
from 249 to 2827 and from 171 to 1651 mg kg− 1 dry weight, respectively; with high salinity the corresponding concentrations ranged from 192 to 2221 and from 200 to 1263 mg
kg− 1 dry weight, respectively. These results indicate that the grafted plants accumulated less boron than the non-grafted plants
when they were exposed to similar boron concentrations, and that both plant types absorbed less boron when irrigated with
the more saline irrigation water. It is suggested that: (i) the Cucurbita rootstock excluded some boron and that this, in turn, decreased the boron concentration in the grafted plants; and (ii) the
low boron uptake under high-salinity irrigation was mainly a result of reduced transpiration of the plants. Significant negative
linear regressions were found between fruit yield and leaf boron concentration for grafted plants, under both low and high
salinity levels, and for non-grafted plants under low salinity. The fruit yield of the grafted plants was less affected by
boron accumulation in the leaves than that of non-grafted plants. Increasing the water salinity decreased the sensitivity
of both plant types to increases in leaf boron concentration, which indicates that the effects of boron and salinity on melon
plants were not additive. 相似文献
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植物对硼元素的吸收转运机制 总被引:5,自引:0,他引:5
硼是植物生长发育所必需的微量元素,但是在世界范围内,土壤中硼含量过高或者过低都会对植物生长产生影响,是农业生产上的主要问题.近来人们对硼的吸收转运机制的研究取得了突破性进展,鉴定了一些硼的转运通道和转运蛋白,例如:NIP5;1、NIP6;1、BOR1和BOR4,并对它们的转运机制有了一些了解.植物在硼缺少的情况下首先通过转运通道NIP5;1把硼吸收到共质体,然后通过转运蛋白BOR1运入中柱;在高硼毒害时,通过转运蛋白BOR4把过多的硼转出植物体,同时在植物中增加糖醇的含量,过表达BOR1或BOR4都能改变植物对硼含量变化的耐受性.因此,对植物中硼吸收转运机制的研究将有利于人们通过生物学手段提高作物对土壤中硼过高或过低的抗性. 相似文献
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植物N-酰基乙醇胺(NAEs)的代谢机制及其生理功能 总被引:3,自引:0,他引:3
N-酰基乙醇胺是植物组织中由N-酰基磷脂酰乙醇胺水解生成的脂肪酸氨基化合物,并能在酰胺水解酶和脂氧合酶的作用下进一步发生水解或氧化反应。作为细胞中微量的脂质组分,N-酰基乙醇胺参与了植物细胞防卫系统的信号转导事件,且对植物种子萌发等生命活动具有生理调节功能。本文综述了近年来N-酰基乙醇胺的相关研究进展,主要包括植物体中N-酰基乙醇胺的种类、分布及其代谢机制,并着重介绍了其生理功能。 相似文献
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Short-Term Boron Deprivation Induces Increased Levels of Cytoskeletal Proteins in Arabidopsis Roots 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
Q. Yu R. Wingender M. Schulz F. Baluka H. E. Goldbach 《Plant biology (Stuttgart, Germany)》2001,3(4):335-340
Abstract: Although boron is known to be an essential element for the growth of all higher plants, the links between primary responses to boron deprivation and the expression of visual symptoms are yet unknown. Western blots with anti-actin and anti-tubulin antibodies revealed an increase of both proteins upon 20 - 40 min of boron deprivation in roots of hydroponically grown Arabidopsis thaliana. Moreover, actin depolymerizing factor and myosin VIII showed a less pronounced but similiar response to boron deficiency. In contrast, no increase in higher molecular mass ubiquitin was observed, indicating an absence of intensive protein degradation during the experimental time span. This is the first report of cytoskeletal responses of plants to short-term boron removal. Rapid elevation of cytoskeletal proteins after boron deprivation is discussed in relation to the cell wall-plasma membrane-cytoskeleton continuum. 相似文献