响应面分析法优化耐高温蛋白酶发酵培养基

采用响应面分析方法对产耐高温蛋白酶的苏云金芽孢杆菌(Bacillus thuringien- sis)FZ62发酵培养基进行优化．首先,进行发酵培养基碳源、氮源及初始pH值的单因素筛选,优化结果表明最适氮源为酵母粉、碳源是葡萄糖,初始pH值范围6-8．在此基础经响应面法优化,发酵培养基最佳组合为:酵母粉2．04%,葡萄糖为0．10%,初始pH7．07．经以上优化后发酵水平比初始设计提高了3．22倍．     

紫色红曲霉Mp-24高产Monacolin K发酵工艺响应面优化

将单因素实验结果与响应面法相结合,对高产Monacolin K的紫色红曲霉Mp-24菌株进行发酵工艺条件优化。通过摇瓶发酵对碳源、氮源、碳源含量、氮源含量、培养时间等进行单因素优化,确定Mp-24菌株摇瓶发酵适宜条件：乳糖为碳源、酵母膏为氮源、碳源含量7%、氮源含量2%、培养时间12 d,Monacolin K产量为167 mg/L。应用Box-Behnken中心组合试验设计建立数学模型,进行响应面分析优化发酵条件,结果显示最佳发酵工艺条件为：碳源(乳糖)8%,氮源(酵母膏)3%,培养时间11 d,在此条件下Monacolin K的含量达到247.8 mg/L,比优化前提高1.5倍。     

响应面法优化芽孢杆菌B-6产絮凝剂的发酵培养基

对芽孢杆菌B-6摇瓶发酵产生物絮凝剂的培养基进行优化研究.在单因素试验的基础上,通过Plackett-Burman设计对培养基的6个因素进行筛选,结果表明影响显著的3个因素为:硝酸钠、磷酸氢二钾、吐温;然后用最陡爬坡路径逼近最大响应区域,最后通过Box-Behnken设计和响应面分析得出芽孢杆菌B-6产生物絮凝剂的最佳发酵培养基为:蔗糖2.5%、酵母膏0.05%、尿素0.02%、硝酸钠0.033%、磷酸氢二钾0.515%、硫酸镁0.02%、氯化钠0.15%、吐温-20 0.16%.     

响应面法优化枯草芽孢杆菌产中性蛋白酶的发酵条件

本研究对枯草芽孢杆菌产中性蛋白酶的发酵条件进行优化。通过单因素试验探究碳源、氮源、无机盐离子及表面活性剂对枯草芽孢杆菌产中性蛋白酶的影响。结果表明,枯草芽孢杆菌产中性蛋白酶最佳碳源、氮源、无机盐离子及表面活性剂为蔗糖、牛肉膏、Ca Cl2及吐温-80。在单因素试验基础上,通过PlackettBurman试验设计和响应面分析法得到了产中性蛋白酶最佳发酵条件:蔗糖3%、牛肉膏2%、Ca Cl20.3%、吐温-80 0.55%、初始p H 7.5、发酵温度37℃、发酵时间50.4 h、接种量2.66%。在最佳发酵条件下,所产中性蛋白酶最大酶活为143.54 U,比优化之前提高1.3倍。     

聚γ-谷氨酸高产菌的选育与培养基优化

利用合成培养基为筛选培养基,以枯草芽孢杆菌(Bacillus subtilis)B6-1为出发菌株,经过三轮紫外线诱变和一轮硫酸二乙酯诱变得到了聚γ-谷氨酸高产突变株枯草芽孢杆菌W003,摇瓶液体发酵的聚γ-谷氨酸产量由出发菌株的10.9 g/L提高到20.5 g/L.单因素实验结果表明,该菌产聚γ-谷氨酸的合适碳源为葡萄糖,氮源为硫酸铵.通过正交实验得到了优化的培养基配方,经36h液体发酵,聚γ-谷氨酸产量可达到45.3 g/L.     

利用豆制品废水发酵枯萎病拮抗菌Pb-4条件研究

利用豆制品生产过程中的废水(黄浆水)对枯萎病拮抗菌Pb-4菌株的发酵培养基及其发酵条件进行优化。通过单因素试验筛选Pb-4菌株黄浆水培养基中的碳源;设置因素水平为L_(18)(3~5)正交试验,对Pb-4菌株黄浆水培养基中最佳碳源和无机盐成分进行筛选和优化,确定发酵培养基配方;通过响应面优化试验对Pb-4菌株的发酵温度、p H和接种量进行优化。结果显示,通过筛选确定玉米粉为黄浆水培养基的最佳碳源;优化后的发酵培养基配方为:1 000 m L黄浆水中添加玉米粉30 g、(NH_4)_2SO_4 2g、Mg SO_4 1.5 g、CaCO_3 1.5 g和FeSO_4 0.3 g;优化后的发酵条件为:温度36.3℃、p H7.4、接种量5%、摇瓶培养40 h。在此优化条件下,发酵菌数可达42.8×10~8 CFU/m L、最大生物量OD_(660)值为0.393,与预测理论最大值0.390 2相吻合。优化后的发酵培养基能够替代蛋白胨、酵母粉和葡萄糖等常规培养基,具有简单、廉价和环保等特点,可作为微生物菌剂规模化生产的原料。     

短小芽孢杆菌HR10产孢培养基及发酵条件优化

短小芽孢杆菌(Bacillus pumilus)HR10是一株具有促生抗逆作用的优良菌株。探究菌株HR10产孢的最佳发酵培养条件,对于在更大规模上进行生产发酵具有重要的指导意义。以稀释涂布平板法计数活菌数和芽孢数并计算芽孢率;对菌株HR10产孢培养基的碳源、氮源和无机盐进行单因素分析及正交试验,并采用摇瓶发酵法对影响菌株HR10产孢的几种发酵因子进行单因素优化。结果显示,菌株HR10的产孢培养基最佳组成成分为葡萄糖1%、糖蜜1%、豆饼粉2%、KCl 0.3%、 MnSO_4 0.4%。最佳发酵条件为温度37℃、pH 7、250 mL三角瓶装液量50%、接种量5%、转速220r/min、培养时间52 h。芽孢数达到2.37×10~(10) cfu/mL,芽孢率达94.46%。相比初始培养基芽孢数提高了60.77倍,为其工业化生产提供参考。     

嗜线虫致病杆菌HB310培养基筛选和培养条件优化

嗜线虫致病杆菌Xenorhabdus nematophila是与小卷蛾斯氏线虫Steinernema carpocapsae互惠共生的一种革兰氏阴性菌,对多种农业害虫都具有很高的杀虫活性。本研究对多种影响嗜线虫致病杆菌HB310菌株发酵培养的因素进行了筛选优化。通过单因素试验确定最佳碳源、氮源和无机盐分别为葡萄糖、牛肉蛋白胨和KH2PO4;通过正交实验确定培养基的最优组合为：葡萄糖2 %、牛肉蛋白胨1 %、牛肉浸膏0.3% 和K2HPO4.1 %;最佳摇瓶培养条件为：接种量6%、培养基pH 7.5、摇床转速200 rpm、培养温度28℃和培养时间48 h,在此条件下,嗜线虫致病杆菌HB310菌株生长速率最快,菌液的杀虫活性最高。     

响应面法优化枯草芽孢杆菌产脂肪酶的合成培养基

对枯草芽孢杆菌(Bacillus subtilis)CICC20034利用合成培养基液体发酵产脂肪酶的条件进行了优化。首先采用单因子实验筛选出最适诱导剂为三丁酸甘油酯,氮源为尿素,碳源为葡萄糖,无机盐为MgSO4。在此基础上,利用Plackett-Burman设计对影响产酶因素的效应进行评价,筛选出具有显著效应的三丁酸甘油酯、尿素、KH2PO4和培养基起始pH值4个最显著的因素。用最陡爬坡路径逼近最大产酶区域后,利用响应面中心组合设计对显著因素进行优化,获得最适合成培养基组分为:葡萄糖8g/L,尿素8.57g/L,三丁酸甘油酯2.62%,KH2PO42.59g/L,MgSO4.7H2O0.5g/L,TritonX-1000.5g/L,pH9.47。优化后的B.subtilis CICC 20034胞外脂肪酶活力达0.483U/ml,比初始酶活力0.072U/ml提高了6.7倍。     

基因工程菌生产rhG-CSF发酵培养基的研究

在摇瓶中对工程菌DH5αpBV220生产rhGCSF的发酵培养基进行了研究,从几种常用的细菌培养基中筛选适合工程菌表达rhGCSF的M9培养基。利用正交试验优化出生产重组人rhGCSF的优化培养基配方,其中优化碳源含量为2%的葡萄糖,氮源为25%的酵母粉、3%的蛋白胨和01%的(NH4)2SO4以及少量的无机盐。使用优化培养基可使rhGCSF的表达量达到338%,比优化前提高了489%。     

Curcuminoids as inhibitors of thioredoxin reductase: A receptor based pharmacophore study with distance mapping of the active site

Curcumin is the yellow pigment of turmeric that interacts irreversibly forming an adduct with thioredoxin reductase (TrxR), an enzyme responsible for redox control of cell and defence against oxidative stress. Docking at both the active sites of TrxR was performed to compare the potency of three naturally occurring curcuminoids, namely curcumin, demethoxy curcumin and bis-demethoxy curcumin. Results show that active sites of TrxR occur at the junction of E and F chains. Volume and area of both cavities is predicted. It has been concluded by distance mapping of the most active conformations that Se atom of catalytic residue SeCYS498, is at a distance of 3.56 from C13 of demethoxy curcumin at the E chain active site, whereas C13 carbon atom forms adduct with Se atom of SeCys 498. We report that at least one methoxy group in curcuminoids is necessary for interation with catalytic residues of thioredoxin. Pharmacophore of both active sites of the TrxR receptor for curcumin and demethoxy curcumin molecules has been drawn and proposed for design and synthesis of most probable potent antiproliferative synthetic drugs.     

A Unique Protease Cleavage Site Predicted in the Spike Protein of the Novel Pneumonia Coronavirus (2019-nCoV) Potentially Related to Viral Transmissibility

正Dear Editor,In December 2019, a novel human coronavirus caused an epidemic of severe pneumonia(Coronavirus Disease 2019,COVID-19) in Wuhan, Hubei, China(Wu et al. 2020; Zhu et al. 2020). So far, this virus has spread to all areas of China and even to other countries. The epidemic has caused 67,102 confirmed infections with 1526 fatal cases     

Comparative morphology of the carpel in the Liliaceae: Hewardieae, Petrosavieae, and Tricyrteae

The young pistils in the melanthioid tribes, Hewardieae, Petrosavieae and Tricyrteae, are uniformly tricarpellate and syncarpous. They lack raphide idioblasts. All are multiovulate, with bitegmic ovules. The Petrosavieae are marked by the presence of septal glands and incomplete syncarpy. Tepals and stamens adhere to the ovary in the Hewardieae and the Petrosavieae but not in the Tricyrteae. Two vascular bundles occur in the stamens of the Hewartlieae and Tricyrtis latifolia. Ventral bundles in the upper part of the ovary of the Hewardieae are continuous with compound septal bundles and placental bundles in the lower part. Putative ventral bundles occur in the alternate position in the Tricyrteae and putative placental bundles in the opposite. position in the Petrosavieae. The dichtomously branched stigma in each carpel of the Tricyrteae is supplied by a bifurcated dorsal bundle.     

Entwicklungsgeschichte und Ultrastruktur von Pollenkitt und Exine bei nahe verwandten entomophilen und anemophilen Angiospermensippen derAlismataceae,Liliaceae, Juncaceae,Cyperaceae, Poaceae undAraceae

Some closely related members of the monocotyledonous familiesAlismataceae, Liliaceae, Juncaceae, Cyperaceae, Poaceae andAraceae with variable modes of pollination (insect- and wind-pollination) were studied in relation to the ultrastructure of pollenkitt and exine (amount, consistency and distribution of pollenkitt on the surface of pollen grains). The character syndromes of pollen cementing in entomophilous, anemophilous and intermediate (ambophilous or amphiphilous) monocotyledons are the same in principal as in dicotyledons. Comparing present with former results one can summarize: 1) The pollenkitt is always produced in the same manner by the anther tapetum in all angiosperm sub-classes. 2) The variable stickiness of entomophilous and anemophilous pollen always depends on the particular distribution and consistency of the pollenkitt, but not its amount on the pollen surface. 3) The mostly dry and powdery pollen of anemophilous plants always contains a variable amount of inactive pollenkitt in its exine cavities. 4) A step-by step change of the pollen cementing syndrome can be observed from entomophily towards anemophily. 5) From the omnipresence of pollenkitt in all wind-pollinated angiosperms studied one can conclude that the ancestors of anemophilous angiosperms probably have been zoophilous (i.e. entomophilous) throughout.

     

Identification and Characterization of the First Equine Parainfluenza Virus 5

正Dear Editor,Parainfluenza virus 5 (PIV5), known as canine parainfluenza virus in the veterinary field, is a negative-sense,nonsegmented, single-stranded RNA virus belonging to the Paramyxoviridae family (Chen 2018). The virus was first reported in primary monkey kidney cells in 1954 (Hsiung1972), then it has been frequently discovered in various