不同后路术式治疗胸腰椎爆裂骨折的临床效果比较

目的：探讨不同后路术式治疗胸腰椎爆裂骨折的临床效果。方法：将我院骨科收治的96例胸腰椎爆裂骨折患者随机分为两组,分别使用经伤椎椎弓根六钉固定法（六钉组,65例）和跨伤椎短节段四钉固定法（四钉组,31例）进行复位固定,测量并比较术后6个月两组矢状面Cobb角、冠状面Cobb角和伤椎椎体前缘压缩比及术后并发症情况的差异。结果：两组患者术前矢状面和冠状面Cobb角、伤椎椎体前缘压缩比的差异无统计学意义（P〉0．05）。术后6个月,六钉组矢状面Cobb角、伤椎椎体前缘压缩比、术后并发症发生率均显著低于四钉组（P〈0．05）,两组冠状面Cobb角均为0°。四钉组术后并发痘的发生率为22．6％,而六钉组术后并发症的发生率为4．6％,显著低于四钉组（P〈0．05）。结论：经伤椎椎弓根六钉固定法治疗胸腰椎爆裂骨折疗效优于跨伤椎短节段四钉固定法．且不良反应较少．具有较高的临床应用价值。     

经皮微创椎弓根螺钉内固定与开放手术对胸腰椎骨折患者Cobb''s 角 与椎体前缘高度恢复的影响

目的:比较经皮微创椎弓根螺钉内固定与开放手术治疗胸腰椎骨折的临床疗效,并对其Cobb's角与椎体前缘高度的变化情况进行比较。方法:选择2011年1月-2013年10月我院收治的60例胸腰椎骨折患者并按照数字随机法分为两组,每组30例,对照组采取开放椎弓根螺钉内固定治疗,观察组经皮微创椎弓根螺钉内固定治疗,两组患者均随访24个月,比较两组患者手术一般情况及Cobb's角与椎体前缘高度恢复情况。结果:观察组手术切口长度、术中出血量及住院时间均短于对照组,差异具有统计学意义(均P0.05)。两组术后伤椎前缘高度及矢状位指数均大于术前(均P0.05),观察组术后伤椎前缘高度及矢状位指数均大于对照组(均P0.05);且两组术后后凸Cobb角小于术前(均P0.05),且观察组术后后凸Cobb角小于对照组(P0.05)。观察组术后并发症1例(3.3%),与对照组4例(13.3%)比较无显著统计学差异(均P0.05)。结论:经皮微创椎弓根螺钉内固定治疗胸腰椎骨折疗效较佳,Cobb's角与椎体前缘高度恢复情况较优。     

后路椎弓根螺钉内固定结合后外侧植骨融合治疗胸腰椎骨折的临床观察

目的：观察后路椎弓根螺钉内固定结合后外侧植骨融合治疗胸腰椎骨折的临床效果及安全性。方法：回顾性分析2010年6月-2012年4月在我院脊柱骨科住院治疗的71例胸腰脊椎骨折患者,所有患者随机被分成2组,治疗组38例接受采用后路椎弓根螺钉内固定结合后外侧植骨融合治疗,对照组33例接受传统椎弓根螺钉内固定。术后对患者椎体前缘高度、脊柱Cobb’s角、腰背痛、神经功能恢复情况、内固定并发症等方面进行手术效果的评价。结果：治疗组术后及随诊患者的椎体前、后缘高度的比值与对照组相比,均有统计学差异（P〈0．05）;治疗组术后及随诊患者的Cobb’s角较对照组明显减小,差异有统计学意义（P〈0．05）,治疗组手术时间与对照组相比差异有统计学意义（P〈0．05）;两组患者医疗费用、神经功能改善筝级相互比较,无统计学意义咿0．05）。结论：后路复位椎弓根螺钉内固定结合后外侧植骨融合治疗胸腰椎骨折的临床疗效确切。     

Stress analysis of a centrally fractured rib fixated by an intramedullary screw

The stress on an intramedullary screw rib fixation device holding together a centrally fractured human rib under in vivo force loadings was studied using finite element analysis (FEA). Validation of the FEA modelling using pullout from porcine ribs proved FEA to be suitable for assessing the structural integrity of screw/bone systems such as rib fixated by a screw. In the human rib fixation investigation, it was found that intramedullary bioresorbable Bioretec screws can fixate centrally fractured human ribs under normal breathing conditions. However, under coughing conditions, simulation showed Bioretec fixating screws to bend substantially. High stresses in the screw are mainly the result of flexion induced by the force loading, and are restricted to thin regions on the outside of the screw shaft. Stiffer screws result in less locally intense stress concentrations in bone, indicating that bone failure in the bone/screw contact regions can be averted with improvements in screw stiffness.     

Micro-CT and micro-FE analysis of pedicle screw fixation under different loading conditions

Anchorage of pedicle screw instrumentation in the elderly spine with poor bone quality remains challenging. In this study, micro finite element (µFE) models were used to assess the specific influence of screw design and the relative contribution of local bone density to fixation mechanics. These were created from micro computer tomography (µCT) scans of vertebras implanted with two types of pedicle screws, including a full region-or-interest of 10 mm radius around each screw, as well as submodels for the pedicle and inner trabecular bone of the vertebral body. The local bone volume fraction (BV/TV) calculated from the µCT scans around different regions of the screw (pedicle, inner trabecular region of the vertebral body) were then related to the predicted stiffness in simulated pull-out tests as well as to the experimental pull-out and torsional fixation properties mechanically measured on the corresponding specimens. Results show that predicted stiffness correlated excellently with experimental pull-out strength (R² > 0.92, p < .043), better than regional BV/TV alone (R2 = 0.79, p = .003). They also show that correlations between fixation properties and BV/TV were increased when accounting only for the pedicle zone (R² = 0.66–0.94, p ≤ .032), but with weaker correlations for torsional loads (R² < 0.10). Our analyses highlight the role of local density in the pedicle zone on the fixation stiffness and strength of pedicle screws when pull-out loads are involved, but that local apparent bone density alone may not be sufficient to explain resistance in torsion.     

经伤椎椎弓根螺钉固定治疗脊柱骨折的疗效及对患者疼痛、Cobb角的影响

目的:探讨经伤椎椎弓根螺钉固定治疗脊柱骨折的疗效及对患者疼痛、Cobb角的影响。方法:选择2013年2月至2018年2月我院接诊的脊柱骨折患者80例作为研究对象,以随机数表法分为观察组(n=41)和对照组(n=39)。对照组采用跨伤椎固定治疗,观察组采用经伤椎椎弓根螺钉固定治疗。比较两组患者临床手术指标、日本骨科协会评估治疗(JOA)评分、视觉模拟评分(VAS)、椎体压缩率、Cobb角水平及伤椎椎体高度。结果:观察组患者手术时间、术中出血量及住院时间均显著低于对照组(P0.05);治疗后,两组患者JOA评分、VAS评分均明显改善(P0.05),且观察组患者VAS评分显著低于对照组(P0.05);治疗后,两组患者椎体压缩率、Cobb角水平均明显改善(P0.05),且观察组患者椎体压缩率、Cobb角水平显著低于对照组(P0.05);两组患者治疗前椎体前、后缘高度无明显差异;治疗后,两组患者椎体前、后缘高度均明显改善(P0.05),且观察组患者椎体前、后缘高度显著高于对照组(P0.05)。结论:脊柱骨折患者采用经伤椎椎弓根螺钉固定治疗栓效果显著,可改善患者疼痛、Cobb角水平,值得临床推广。     

椎体成形术和椎弓根螺丝钉治疗胸腰椎椎体压缩性骨折的临床研究

目的:探讨胸腰椎椎体压缩性骨折采用椎体成形术和椎弓根螺丝钉固定的临床疗效。方法:按照随机数字表法将2012年2月~2014年2月我院收治的胸腰椎椎体压缩性骨折患者分为两组,观察组行经皮椎体成形术,对照组行椎弓根螺丝钉固定,术后比较两组的临床疗效及安全性。结果:观察组手术时间、术中出血量、住院时间少于对照组,差异有统计学意义(P<0.01),两组治疗前VAS评分、Cobb角、椎体前缘高度比较,差异无统计学意义(P>0.05),治疗后的VAS评分、Cobb角、椎体前缘高度较治疗前均有所改善,观察组改善程度明显优于对照组,差异有统计学意义(P<0.01);术后两组不良反应主要有伤口感染,症状复发,脊髓损伤,肺栓塞,恶心、呕吐等,观察组症状复发率,恶心、呕吐发生率低于对照组,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。结论:胸腰椎椎体压缩性骨折行经皮椎体成形术具有疗效好,并发症少等特点,临床有重要参考价值。     

Novel Pedicle Screw and Plate System Provides Superior Stability in Unilateral Fixation for Minimally Invasive Transforaminal Lumbar Interbody Fusion: An In Vitro Biomechanical Study

Purpose

This study aims to compare the biomechanical properties of the novel pedicle screw and plate system with the traditional rod system in asymmetrical posterior stabilization for minimally invasive transforaminal lumbar interbody fusion (MI-TLIF). We compared the immediate stabilizing effects of fusion segment and the strain distribution on the vertebral body.

Methods

Seven fresh calf lumbar spines (L3-L6) were tested. Flexion/extension, lateral bending, and axial rotation were induced by pure moments of ± 5.0 Nm and the range of motion (ROM) was recorded. Strain gauges were instrumented at L4 and L5 vertebral body to record the strain distribution under flexion and lateral bending (LB). After intact kinematic analysis, a right sided TLIF was performed at L4-L5. Then each specimen was tested for the following constructs: unilateral pedicle screw and rod (UR); unilateral pedicle screw and plate (UP); UR and transfacet pedicle screw (TFS); UP and TFS; UP and UR.

Results

All instrumented constructs significantly reduced ROM in all motion compared with the intact specimen, except the UR construct in axial rotation. Unilateral fixation (UR or UP) reduced ROM less compared with the bilateral fixation (UP/UR+TFS, UP+UR). The plate system resulted in more reduction in ROM compared with the rod system, especially in axial rotation. UP construct provided more stability in axial rotation compared with UR construct. The strain distribution on the left and right side of L4 vertebral body was significantly different from UR and UR+TFS construct under flexion motion. The strain distribution on L4 vertebral body was significantly influenced by different fixation constructs.

Conclusions

The novel plate could provide sufficient segmental stability in axial rotation. The UR construct exhibits weak stability and asymmetrical strain distribution in fusion segment, while the UP construct is a good alternative choice for unilateral posterior fixation of MI-TLIF.     

数字化骨科理念辅助椎弓根置钉在寰枢椎不稳中的临床应用

目的:探讨3D打印辅助置钉技术用于寰枢椎不稳椎弓根置钉的安全性及准确性。方法:收集2013年1月到2015年1月西安交通大学第一附属医院收治的寰枢椎不稳病例,术前采用3D打印技术构建个体化3D打印模型,在模型上模拟置钉,获取最佳置钉点、置钉角度等个体化置钉数据,并于术中辅助椎弓根螺钉置入。通过CT扫描评价置钉准确性,测量术前、术后患者寰齿间隙判断寰枢椎复位情况,测量颈延角评价脊髓压迫改善情况,并采用日本骨科学会(JOA)评分判断患者脊髓功能改善情况。术后定期随访观察固定效果、稳定性、神经损伤等手术并发症的发生情况。结果:13例患者均采用3D打印辅助置钉技术进行内固定治疗,手术顺利,术中及术后无血管、神经损伤等并发症,复位及内固定效果满意。共置入椎弓根螺钉31枚,其中29枚完全在椎弓根内,置钉准确率为93.5%。寰枢椎较术前明显复位,术后寰齿间隙、颈延角和JOA评分较术前明显改善,差异具有统计学意义(P0.05)。结论:3D打印技术辅助上颈椎椎弓根置钉的准确性及安全性均较高。     

经后路伤椎椎弓根钉固定治疗胸腰椎爆裂骨折的疗效观察

目的:探讨经后路伤椎椎弓根钉固定治疗胸腰椎爆裂骨折的临床疗效及安全性。方法:择取2014年1月至2016年12月我院收治的64例胸腰椎爆裂骨折患者,将其均分为研究组(n=32)与对照组(n=32)。研究组采用经后路伤椎椎弓根钉固定治疗,对照组采用经后路非伤椎置钉短节段椎弓根钉固定治疗,治疗后随访6个月。比较两组临床指标、并发症发生情况以及术前、术后1个月、6个月伤椎前缘高度比、Cobb角、疼痛数字评分量表(NRS)评分。结果:两组患者手术切口均实现I期愈合,术后无感染。与对照组相比,研究组手术时间较长(P0.05),术中出血量、住院时间比较无统计学差异(P0.05)。两组术前伤椎前缘高度比、Cobb角、NRS评分比较无统计学意义(P0.05);术后1个月、术后6个月两组伤椎前缘高度比较术前显著升高,Cobb角、NRS评分较术前显著降低,差异有统计学意义(P0.05)。术后6个月研究组Cobb角、NRS评分低于对照组(P0.05),两组伤椎前缘高度比比较无统计学意义(P0.05)。与对照组相比,研究组术后腰背痛、内固定失败发生率均较低(P0.05)。结论:对于胸腰椎爆裂骨折患者,经后路伤椎椎弓根钉固定可以有效改善临床指标,有利于术后身体恢复,减轻疼痛,安全性较高,值得临床推广。     

Effect of pedicle screw diameter on screw fixation efficacy in human osteoporotic thoracic vertebrae

The selection of an ideal screw size plays a crucial role in the success of spinal instrumentation as larger diameter screws are thought to provide better fixation strength but increase the risk of pedicle failure during insertion. On the other hand, smaller diameter screws are with lesser risk of pedicle breakage but are thought to compromise the stability of the instrumentation. By investigating the relationship between screw diameter and the pullout strength of pedicle screws after fatigue loading, this study seeks to find quantitative biomechanical data for surgeons in determining the most ideal diameter size screws when performing surgical implementations on osteoporotic vertebrae.Twenty-seven osteoporotic (BMD ranged: 0.353–0.848 g/cm²) thoracic vertebrae (T3-T8) were harvested from 5 human cadavers. Two sizes of poly-axial screws (5.0 mm × 35 and 4.35 mm × 35) were implanted into each pedicles of the vertebrae by an experienced surgeon. Specimens were randomly distributed into control group, fatigue group of 5000 and 10,000 cycles with peak-to-peak loadings of 10–100 N at 1 Hz. Each specimen was then axial pullout tested at a constant rate of 5 mm/min. The ultimate pullout strength (N) & stiffness (N/mm) were obtained for analysis.The results showed that although the larger diameter screws achieved superior pullout strength immediately after the implantation, both sizes of screws exhibited comparable pullout strengths post fatigue loading. This indicates that the smaller diameter screws may be considered for surgical techniques performed on osteoporotic vertebrae for reduced risk of pedicle breakage without sacrificing fixation strength.     

经肌间隙微创内固定术与传统椎弓根螺钉内固定术治疗胸腰椎骨折的疗效比较

目的：比较经肌间隙和传统切开椎弓根内固定治疗胸腰椎骨折的临床疗效和安全性。方法：选取我院2010 年1 月-2014 年 12 月收治的胸腰椎骨折患者120例,分为微创手术组和开放手术组。观察并对比两组患者的手术时间、术中出血量、住院时间及 术后恢复情况。结果：两组患者的手术时间比较差异无统计学意义（P>0.05）。与开放手术组比较,微创组患者术中出血量显著减 少、住院时间明显缩短,差异具有统计学意义（P<0.05）。与手术前比较,两组患者术后Cobb 角及伤椎高度均明显改善,差异具有 统计学意义（P<0.05）,但两组间比较差异无统计学意义（P>0.05）;两组患者术后JOA 评分均显著降低,差异具有统计学意义（P<0. 05）,但两组间比较差异无统计学意义（P>0.05）。结论：经肌间隙微创内固定术与传统椎弓根螺钉内固定术均能较好的复位固定胸 腰椎骨折,但经肌间隙微创内固定术具有创伤小、术中出血少、功能恢复快、住院周期短等优势,值得临床推广应用。     

Biomechanical effects of posterior pedicle fixation techniques on the adjacent segment for the treatment of thoracolumbar burst fractures: a biomechanical analysis

Abstract

Posterior pedicle fixation technique is a common method for treating thoracolumbar burst fractures, but the effect of different fixation techniques on the postoperative spinal mechanical properties has not been clearly defined, especially on adjacent segments. A finite element model of T10-L2 with moderate T12 vertebra burst fracture was constructed to investigate biomechanical behavior of three posterior pedicle screw fixation techniques. Compared with traditional short-segment 4 pedicle screw fixation (TS-4) and intermediate long-segment 6 pedicle screw fixation (IL-6), mono-segment 4 pedicle screw fixation (MS-4) provides a safer surgical selection to prevent the secondary degeneration of adjacent segments in the long-term.     

Bold 螺钉治疗内踝骨折的疗效分析

目的:对比Bold螺钉和普通空心螺钉内固定治疗单纯内踝骨折的疗效。方法:空心螺钉治疗单纯内踝撕脱骨折57例,分为A组Bold螺钉内固定治疗内踝骨折25例,B组使用普通空心螺钉内固定32例。结果:两组57例均获得随访,两组病例远期均能得到较坚强的固定和良好的功能恢复,但Bold螺钉组相对普通螺钉组愈合时间更快(P<0.05),下床活动时间更早(P<0.05),早期踝关节功能评分高(P<0.05),但六个月后没有明显差异。结论:Bold螺钉内固定有助于内踝骨折早期愈合和早期功能锻炼,是一种比较好的内固定材料,值得推广。     

Bold螺钉治疗内踝骨折的疗效分析

目的：对比Bold螺钉和普通空心螺钉内固定治疗单纯内踝骨折的疗效。方法：空心螺钉治疗单纯内踝撕脱骨折57例,分为A组Bold螺钉内固定治疗内踝骨折25例,B组使用普通空心螺钉内固定32例。结果：两组57例均获得随访,两组病例远期均能得到较坚强的固定和良好的功能恢复,但Bold螺钉组相对普通螺钉组愈合时间更快（P〈0.05）,下床活动时间更早（P〈0.05）,早期踝关节功能评分高（P〈0.05）,但六个月后没有明显差异。结论：Bold螺钉内固定有助于内踝骨折早期愈合和早期功能锻炼,是一种比较好的内固定材料,值得推广。     

后路减压椎弓根螺钉内固定治疗胸腰椎骨折疗效分析

目的:探讨后路减压椎弓根螺钉内固定治疗胸腰椎骨折的疗效。方法:本研究选取了90例胸腰椎骨折患者,按照入院时间顺序不同分为两组,前路组(46例)采取前路减压椎弓根螺钉内固定治疗,后路组(44例)采取后路减压椎弓根螺钉内固定治疗。观察并记录两组患者围手术期参数,术前术后下腰痛功能、神经功能恢复情况及随访12个月期间并发症发生情况,评价后路减压椎弓根螺钉内固定治疗胸腰椎骨折的疗效。结果:后路组在术中失血量、手术时间、住院时间上均明显少于或短于前路组(P0.05);与术前相比,术后两组Oswestry功能障碍指数(ODI)值均明显降低(P0.05)。与术后同时间前路组相比,后路组ODI值均明显低于前路组(P0.05);与术前相比,术后12个月两组神经功能分级整体有所提高(P0.05),但两组间相比,差异没有统计学意义(P0.05);随访12个月期间,两组并发症发生率比较,差异没有统计学意义(P0.05)。结论:采用后路椎弓根螺钉内固定治疗胸腰椎骨折,手术时间短,疗效显著,术中出血量少,预后较好,有利于患者腰椎功能的恢复。     

伤椎置钉与不置钉短节段内固定对胸腰椎爆裂骨折患者临床疗效及血清炎症损伤介质的影响

目的:探讨伤椎置钉与不置钉短节段内固定对胸腰椎爆裂骨折患者临床疗效及血清炎症损伤介质的影响。方法:回顾性分析2017年3月~2018年7月期间内蒙古医科大学第三附属医院骨科收治的269例胸腰椎爆裂骨折患者的临床资料,根据手术方式的不同分为A组(n=131,给予短节段内固定治疗)和B组(n=138,给予伤椎置钉联合短节段内固定治疗),比较两组患者围术期指标、影像学指标、血清炎症损伤介质及并发症。结果:两组术后1周、术后半年、术后1年伤椎椎体前缘高度呈先升高后降低趋势,且B组术后半年、术后1年伤椎椎体前缘高度均低于A组(P<0.05);两组术后1周、术后半年、术后1年Cobb'S角呈先降低后升高趋势,且B组术后半年、术后1年Cobb'S角均大于A组(P<0.05)。两组患者手术时间、术中出血量、住院时间及并发症发生率比较无差异(P>0.05)。两组术后3d血清白细胞介素-6(IL-6)、白细胞介素-8(IL-8)、白细胞介素-1β(IL-1β)、肿瘤坏死因子-α(TNF-α)、髓过氧化物酶(MPO)水平均升高(P<0.05),但两组术后3d血清炎症损伤介质比较差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。结论:伤椎置钉与不置钉短节段内固定治疗胸腰椎爆裂骨折患者,可获得相似的临床疗效,且对患者损伤程度基本一致,但伤椎置钉在恢复伤椎椎体前缘高度、Cobb'S角方面更优,临床应用价值较高。     

Effect of a double intervertebral cage on the mechanical behavior of the lumbar spine]

A three-dimensional nonlinear finite element model of the lumbar spine was developed. Paired threaded cages and a monosegmental internal spinal fixation device were integrated into the computer model. The model was loaded with such forces as apply during standing, as well as with pure moments in the three main anatomical planes, plus an additional preload. The latter was generated by shortening the distance between the pedicle screws on the longitudinal rod of the fixator. With the exception of torsional loading, an implant appreciably reduces the mobility in the segment concerned. At the loads studied, cages had only a minor impact on the movements and stresses in the adjacent regions, but a strong influence on the stresses in the endplates in contact with them. A preload increases these stresses dramatically. Contact conditions between vertebral body and cages also have a marked effect on the stress distribution in the corresponding vertebral endplate, especially in the case of extension loading. Owing to the preload, maximum stresses were higher for the rigid bond than when contact elements were used.     

腰椎骨折患者伤椎置钉与不置钉临床疗效对比分析

目的:探讨腰椎骨折伤椎置钉和不置钉对疗效的影响,以期选择最佳治疗方法。方法:选取2011年6月-2015年6月80例腰椎骨折患者为研究对象,随机分为对照组39例,伤椎不置钉治疗,观察组41例,伤椎置钉治疗,观察治疗后临床效果和相关指标变化。结果:两组在切口长度、手术时间、出血量、住院时间上比较比较无统计学意义(P0.05);两组术后在后凸Cobb角、椎管侵占率上较术前明显下降,椎体高度恢复较术前明显升高,手术前后比较差异显著(P0.05),观察组在手术后6个月、术后12个月、拆除内固定时后凸Cobb角、椎管侵占率明显低于对照组,椎体高度恢复上明显高于对照组,两组比较差异均显著(P0.05),而手术后1周比较差异不显著(P0.05)。结论:腰椎骨折患者伤椎置钉临床疗效满意。     

空心钉固定治疗骶骨骨折的临床疗效分析

目的:探讨空心钉固定治疗骶骨骨折的临床疗效及其安全性。方法:回顾性分析2010年1月至2013年1月骶骨骨折患者50例,其中男36例,女14例。按照Denis分类法,Ⅰ型22例,Ⅱ型14例,Ⅲ型14例,36例采用空心钉固定治疗,14例采用非手术保守治疗。结果:治疗后,根据Majeed评分标准进行评定,其中空心钉组优10例,良18例,可8例;非手术组优1例,良7例,可6例。全部患者经手术治疗后骨折均愈合,未出现断钉现象。结论:空心钉固定治疗骶骨骨折较保守治疗有更好的功能恢复及生活质量,空心钉固定具有术后恢复快,避免神经损伤,患者可尽早行功能锻炼,促进骨质愈合,改善患者预后,具有良好的临床疗效。