10种植物插枝生根的生态生理

山茱萸、天目铁木的嫩枝在5月和9月间扦插有50％～80％的成活率,并以半木质化中上部的侧枝和切段为高。苗床光照为 5～20klX,而光照不足和通气不良会阻碍生根成活。红豆杉、六月雪春夏一年生枝扦插均有高的成活率。银杏、桂花、中华猕猴桃、长序榆、青檀宜于夏秋扦插。羊角槭成活率低。所有切枝用 100～200ppmNAA处理 1～12h对生根成活有一定促进作用。几种大龄树的侧枝扦插成活率远比幼树的低。     

西蒙得木扦插繁殖技术初探

西蒙得木以雨季扦插为最佳时间 ,其半木质化嫩枝扦插成活率为 6 4 .0 % ,而木质化老枝生根率仅 3.0 %。扦插基质对插条的生根率也有直接影响 ,用沙为基质的较好。平切法插条 ,以生长调节物质吲哚丁酸、吲哚乙酸、萘乙酸和生根粉处理 ,可有效提高插条生根成活率     

棚窖扦插育苗

有棚地窖具有冬暖夏凉的特点和保温保湿的功能;利用棚窖扦插育苗,能为插穗生根成活提供良好的生态小环境,可延长扦穗适期,提高插穗成活率;可立体使用面积,提高土地利用率,加速插苗生长,缩短生产周期,增进经济效益。棚窖扦插适用于果树、林木、花木、花卉等多类植物的硬枝(包括根)、嫩枝、叶片扦插育苗,是值得推广的扦插育苗新技术。现介绍其技术要点,供参考。     

两种野生花卉的扦插繁殖研究

开展野生花卉车轮梅(Raphiolepis indica)和赤楠(Syzygium buxifolium)扦插试验,结果表明:车轮梅硬枝扦插需一定浓度的外源激素方能生根;对激素浓度大小不敏感;总体上NAA组合生根质量优于IBA组合。综合不同处理生根率、根数和不定根根长3个指标,以800 mg/L NAA或800 mg/L IBA作为车轮梅生产上扦插的激素种类和浓度。赤楠生根率较低,最高扦插率达66.7%,生根时间长,约需45 d始生根。综合生根率、不定根根数和不定根根长3个生根指标,试验的4种激素均能较好促进赤楠生根,200×根太阳在生根率和根数上效果最好,生产上可用200×根太阳浸泡2 h,也可用50-100 mg/L NAA或100-400 mg/L IBA浸泡2 h后进行扦插。     

野生何首乌茎蔓切段根芽生长影响因素研究

以野生何首乌茎蔓为材料,研究生根促进剂种类及浓度、插穗茎节数、扦插时间、扦插基质等对其切段生根及芽生长的影响.结果表明:在不同插穗茎节数处理中,以含有三个叶节的插穗成活率最高,扦插苗长势最好,含两个茎节的插穗次之,而含有一个茎节的插穗最差;不同生根促进剂种类及其浓度对扦插生根有显著或极显著影响,在九种生根试验处理中,以4×10"mg/L NAA的处理插穗生根成活率最高,4×10-4mg/L的IBA处理次之,混合药液效果最差;疏松肥沃的扦插基质有利于何首乌扦插苗生根和幼苗生长.何首乌扦插生根受温度、湿度的影响较大,在春季的3～4月扦插效果较好,生根成活率达79.8%.     

长白落叶松插穗的内源激素水平及其与扦插生根的关系

长白落叶松 (Larixolgensis)扦插繁殖的试验结果表明 ,嫩枝扦插效果好于硬枝扦插 ,并且母树年龄是影响其扦插生根的重要因子。母树年龄为 2年生时 ,生根率达 95 %以上。本文在此试验的基础上 ,对嫩枝和硬枝插穗中内源植物激素水平进行了测定。结果发现嫩枝插穗中IAA、CTKs的含量要高于硬枝插穗中IAA、CTKs的含量 ,并且随母树年龄的增加而降低 ;相反 ,嫩枝插穗中ABA含量要低于硬枝插穗中ABA的含量 ,并且随着母树年龄的增加而增加。实验结果表明 :IAA、ABA的含量和扦插生根有密切关系。IAA促进生根 ,ABA抑制生根。IAA/ABA比值可以用来衡量长白落叶松的生根能力     

IBA浓度、扦插时间对江西杜鹃和百合花杜鹃扦插生根的影响

为探明有鳞大花亚组杜鹃扦插生根的最佳IBA浓度和扦插时间,该研究以江西杜鹃、百合花杜鹃为材料,分别采用腐叶土+河沙(1:1)、泥炭+珍珠岩+蛭石(3:1:1)基质,开展了4个IBA浓度和4个扦插时间的生根试验.结果表明:IBA浓度对除老叶留存数外的所有指标有显著影响,其中100 mg·L-1 IBA处理生根率、新梢长最大,腐烂率最低,其它指标也表现良好,为最佳生根浓度;50 mg·L-1 IBA处理根幅、新梢率最大,但不定根数最少,效果其次;200 mg·L-1 IBA处理促进根系生长,但生根率较低、特别是显著抑制新梢发育;对照处理生根效果最差.扦插时间对所有生根指标均有显著影响,早春(04-18)木质化硬枝扦插除老叶留存数较差外,其它指标均表现极佳,为最适扦插时间;秋季(10-19)半木质-木质化过渡枝扦插效果其次;夏季(06-21)嫩枝及(08-16)半木质化枝生根效果极差,不宜进行扦插育苗.物种、基质对生根指标也有显著影响,百合花杜鹃扦插生根能力强于江西杜鹃,泥炭+珍珠岩+蛭石(3:1:1)基质生根效果优于腐叶土+河沙(1:1).该研究结果首次发现早春新梢萌发前采用木质化硬枝扦插可以显著提高两种杜鹃的生根效果,为该亚组杜鹃的扦插育苗提供了科学依据.     

促肝细胞生长素对肝损伤小鼠脂质过氧化的影响

将脱毒甘薯叶节苗基端于布洛芬液浸10min然后扦插,能有效地促使薯苗生根,增加根数和根干重,提高根系活力;并能促使薯苗生长,茎叶干重和腋芽发育成的枝数增加,茎节繁殖系数提高。布洛芬的最适作用浓度为1000mg·L-1。     

布洛芬对脱毒甘薯叶节苗生根和生长的影响

将脱毒甘薯叶节苗基端于布洛芬液浸 1 0min然后扦插 ,能有效地促使薯苗生根 ,增加根数和根干重 ,提高根系活力 ;并能促使薯苗生长 ,茎叶干重和腋芽发育成的枝数增加 ,茎节繁殖系数提高。布洛芬的最适作用浓度为 1 0 0 0mg·L-1 。     

巧用硬枝扦插快速繁育银杏

银杏(Ginkgo biloba),又名白果、公孙树,是城市和农村绿化美化的优良树种,也是重要的果材兼用树。目前,银杏繁殖常用的方法有种子繁殖和绿枝扦插,而硬枝扦插由于成活率低不太常用。近几年来,我们一直在进行银杏硬枝扦捅试验。在试验过程中,我们发现银杏硬枝扦插成活率受诸多因素的影响,其中扦插时期、插条质量和插床基质等是影响银杏硬枝扦插成活率的重要因素。在注意这几个方面的前提下,其他采用常规管理,硬枝扦插的生根率可以达到95％以上。     

不同处理对濒危植物黄枝油杉扦插育苗的影响

黄枝油杉属珍稀濒危植物,树形高大,采种困难,母树开花结实少,种子发芽率低,繁殖速度慢。采用扦插育苗,方法简便易行,繁殖速度快。为此,针对与黄枝油杉扦插育苗成活、生长密切相关的插穗粗度、ABT生根粉浓度和施肥种类三大因素,分别进行对比试验。结果表明:插穗茎粗0.70cm用150mg/LABT生根粉溶液处理的平均成活率达95.6%;扦插成活后施用粪肥+尿素(配比为100∶0.4)的混合肥苗木生长健壮,平均抽梢长达30.8cm。方差分析和多重比较分析结果表明,插穗粗度、ABT生根粉浓度和肥料种类对黄枝油杉扦插苗木的生长影响极大。     

三角梅扦插育苗技术研究

以三角梅越冬枝条及当年嫩枝作试材,分别对不同植物生长调节剂种类、不同浓度处理、不同直径插条及不同扦插时期的生根效应进行研究。结果表明,NAA、IAA和ABT(生根粉)对插条具有良好的促根作用,其中以NAA 100mg/L浸泡插条基部3h效果最佳,生根率达91.7%。健壮之越冬枝条是三角梅理想的扦插材料,初夏扦插育苗效果较好。     

影响四季桔器官发生的因素

对四季桔胚轴直接出芽、愈伤组织诱导及植株再生能力的研究表明：上、下胚轴在含有BA的MT培养基上,均能直接出芽,但上胚轴出芽能力明显高于下胚轴,最高出芽率为96．9％。外植体在培养基上的接种方式,对出芽也有一定影响,上胚轴切段以形态学下端垂直插入,出芽率高,且在培养前期表现尤为突出。胚轴愈伤诱导的适宜培养基为MT＋IBA0．5mg-1＋BAgmg-1。愈伤组织分化时,上、下胚轴愈伤组织所要求的BA浓度分别为4mgL-1及2mgL-1。在根的诱导中,附加的生长素种类,不仅影响生根率的高低,而且影响上部茎叶的生长,其中以加入lmgL-1IBA的效果最好,生根率达84．4％。     

Roles of leaf in regulation of root and shoot growth from single node softwood cuttings of grape (Vitis vinifera)

The role of leaf in regulation of root and shoot growths in single node softwood cuttings of grape (Vitis vinifera) was characterised. Leafy cuttings showed early rooting, vigorous root growth and subsequent shoot development. Defoliation at planting induced early sprouting, but adversely affected rooting and decreased the survival of cuttings irrespective of pre‐planting treatment with 100 μM indole 3‐acetic acid (IAA). Treatment with IAA did not affect the percent rooting of leafy cuttings but increased root and shoot growth. Leaf weight (wt) and leaf area of the cuttings showed a highly significant correlation to root wt of the new plant at 4 wk after planting, while cutting stem + petiole wt was either not or less significantly correlated to root and shoot weights of the subsequent plant. The greater the area or wt of leaf, the better the root and shoot growths, implying that leaf contributed to adventitious root growth. However, retaining the leaf for just 2 days was enough to stimulate rooting in more than 80% of the cuttings, suggesting that leaf tissue could also induce root formation. Root growth increased with the period of leaf retention but leaf removal before 3 wk triggered sprouting leading to high mortality in rooted cuttings. Bringing the leaf closer to the rooting zone by preparing leaf at base (LAB) cuttings delayed rooting and sprouting compared with the standard leaf at top (LAT) cuttings. An inhibitory effect on rooting and sprouting by the exposed upper internode region in LAB cuttings is suggested.     

Influence of light on adventitious root formation in birch shoot culturesin vitro

The influence of light of different spectral composition and levels of irradiance (2-40 Wm-²) on adventitious root formation (ARF) in birch shoot segments was investigated. Spontaneous rooting of shoot segments occurred in segments with intact apical or axillary meristems. Concerning ARF shoot meristems could be substituted by application of auxin. The very low rooting percentage of shoot segments in darkness was improved considerably by auxin application. Irradiation of cuttings was a requirement for a high percentage of spontaneous rooting. The promoting effect of light was dependent on its spectral composition and was the highest under red followed by white and blue light. The low rooting response under blue light was enhanced almost to the red light level by shielding the root-forming cutting base from light.     

Rooting cuttings of<Emphasis Type="Italic"> Syringa vulgaris</Emphasis> cv. Charles Joly and<Emphasis Type="Italic"> Corylus avellana</Emphasis> cv. Aurea: the influence of stock plant pruning and shoot growth

The relationship between shoot growth and rooting was examined in two, 'difficult-to root' amenity trees, Syringa vulgaris L. cv. Charles Joly and Corylus avellana L. cv. Aurea. A range of treatments reflecting severity of pruning was imposed on field-grown stock prior to bud break. To minimise variation due to the numbers of buds that developed under different treatments, bud number was restricted to 30 per plant. Leafy cuttings were harvested at different stages of the active growth phase of each species. With Syringa, rooting decreased with later harvests, but loss of rooting potential was delayed in cuttings collected from the most severe pruning treatment. Rooting potential was associated with the extent of post-excision shoot growth on the cutting but regression analyses indicated that this relationship could not entirely explain the loss of rooting with time, nor the effects due to pruning. Similarly, in Corylus rooting was promoted by severe pruning, but the relationship between apical growth on the cutting and rooting was weaker than in Syringa, and only at the last harvest did growth play a critical role in determining rooting. Another unusual factor of the last harvest of Corylus was a bimodal distribution of roots per cutting, with very few rooted cuttings having less than five roots. This implies that, for this harvest at least, the potential of an individual cutting to root is probably not limited by the number of potential rooting sites.     

基质温度对三角梅插穗生根及其叶片光合作用的影响

探讨了智能调控下18、20、25、30、33℃的5个基质温度处理对三角梅叶片光合作用及插穗生根的影响.结果表明:随着基质温度上升,三角梅插穗叶片净光合速率增加,18、20℃处理的净光合速率较低,两处理间未见显著性差异,但均显著地低于处理间未见明显差异的25、30、33℃处理.随着基质温度上升,叶片蒸腾速率、气孔导度及胞...     

Leaf number and position effects on the survival and performance of grape microcuttings in vitro,and the sensitivity of the cut nodal region to the medium

The presence of leaf in microcuttings of grape cvs. Arka Neelamani and Thompson Seedless promoted rooting in vitro (MS, 1 μM IAA, 0.1 μM GA₃, 3% sucrose) but the effect varied depending on the number of leaves and position of the leaf on the cutting. Single node cuttings with a full-length lower internode and a lamina at top (LAT) showed earlier rooting and more root and shoot growth than cuttings with lamina positioned at the middle (LAM), while cuttings with a leaf at the base (LAB) of the cutting and full-length upper internode exhibited a lower percent rooting and sprouting, poor root and shoot growth, and low survival. Partial or complete removal of the upper internodal segment in LAB cuttings improved rooting and sprouting suggesting the possible operation of an inhibitory effect by the upper internode. Retaining an upper leaf in LAB cuttings (LAB+UL) resulted in necrosis of the upper leaf often followed by the lower one. The extent of necrotic damage was influenced by the leaf area and position or age of the cutting on the stock shoot. Retaining the lower internode in LAB and LAB+UL cuttings which held the node–leaf junction away from the medium, or reducing the concentration of MS medium helped significantly in improving the survival and performance of these cuttings. The difference in reaction between LAB and LAT cuttings was attributable mainly to the difference in the sensitivity of the stem part that came in contact with the medium. Removal of the leaf in LAB cuttings reduced this sensitivity. The majority of the LAB and LAB+UL cuttings, as well as non-rooting or delayed rooting LAT and LAM cuttings, exhibited high purple pigmentation of leaf, petiole and stem. Two-leafed cuttings in vitro showed poor survival, less rooting and low plantlet output compared to single-leafed cuttings. This revised version was published online in June 2006 with corrections to the Cover Date.     

三倍体枇杷的茎尖培养及诱导生根

以三倍体枇杷为材料, 研究了不同消毒方式、MS培养基浓度、植物生长调节剂及浓度配比对茎尖培养及诱导生根的影响。结果表明, 初代培养时, 选择生长饱满、健壮的顶芽及适宜的消毒方式, 外植体剥离长度0.5-0.8 cm, 能显著提高茎尖培养的成活率; MS培养基浓度的变化对外植体的褐化没有明显的影响; 最适茎尖的启动培养基为MS＋1.0 mg·L-1 6-BA＋0.5 mg·L-1 NAA, 成活率高达84.8%; 最适组培苗生根培养基为1/2MS＋0.1 mg·L-1 NAA＋0.01 mg·L-1 IAA＋0.3%活性炭, 生根率达66.7%, 每株平均生根2.83条。该研究结果将为三倍体枇杷再生体系的建立及利用转基因技术对三倍体无籽枇杷进行遗传改良奠定基础。