共查询到19条相似文献,搜索用时 78 毫秒
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草坪草生物技术研究进展 总被引:14,自引:0,他引:14
草坪草转基因方法主要有原生质体融合法,基因枪法和农杆菌介导法。抗生素(潮霉素,G418)和除草剂(bialaphos,ppt)都可用于草坪草也可能存在生态风险性。 相似文献
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转基因植物中的卡那霉素抗性 总被引:6,自引:0,他引:6
在转基因植物中一个经常使用的标记基因就是卡那霉素抗性基因。对转基因植物的安全性估价将对于现代植物育种的普及和接受十分有利。对于这个标记基因的生物安全性进行估测认为,没有必要对含这个基因的转基因植物进行注册的限制。 相似文献
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外源基因转化棉花育种研究的进展与应用 总被引:1,自引:1,他引:0
棉花作为重要的经济作物,新品种的选育和应用对于促进棉花生产至关重要。通过转基因技术将外源基因转化棉花,是棉花育种的新手段。尤其是抗逆、抗除草剂、抗虫、抗病和提高棉花品质的转基因技术研究,有助于加速棉花新品种的培育。棉花的转基因技术主要包括农杆菌介导法、基因枪轰击法和花粉管通道法。利用不同的转基因技术在棉花外源基因遗传转化的育种研究中取得了明显成效,探讨外源基因转化棉花育种研究的进展与应用,为新疆陆地棉的转基因育种研究提供重要参考。 相似文献
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鱼类基因工程研究的现状和展望 总被引:12,自引:0,他引:12
动物基因工程是七十年代开展起来的一门新兴遗传育种高技术。1982年,美国科学家Palmiter等人首次将大鼠生长激素基因导入小鼠受精卵中,获得了个体比对照鼠大一倍的转基因“超级鼠”,这一开拓性的工作为动物基因工程定向育种研究领域显示了希望的曙光。继转基因超级鼠研制成功之后,转基因猪,兔,羊等也相继问世。鱼类是人们的主要蛋白质食物来源之一,但目前整个世界的鱼产品产量尚不能满足人们的这种需要,特 相似文献
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水稻转基因技术的现状及在育种上的应用 总被引:14,自引:1,他引:13
近十几年来,随着分子生物学的飞速发展,人类对植物基因的结构、功能和表达有了较为清晰的了解,分子生物学对作物育种的促进作用越来越明显。与植物基因组的研究、RFLP和PCR等辅助选择手段相比较,转基因技术以其把外源基因主动导入、定向改造植物的优点日益为世人所瞩目转基因技术使基因可以在植物、动物、微生物之间相互转移,克服了物种间的隔离,已成为一种新的育种手段。 相似文献
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草坪植物遗传转化的研究进展 总被引:4,自引:0,他引:4
从草坪植物组织培养与植株再生体系的建立、转基因的研究现状以及转基因育种的应用前景和存在的问题入手,综述了近年来草坪植物遗传转化的研究进展,并对草坪植物遗传转化的几种主要方法作了较为详细的阐述。 相似文献
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草坪草生物技术研究进展 总被引:3,自引:0,他引:3
概述了草坪草植株再生体系和遗传转化体系建立的方法和进展.通过愈伤组织培养、悬浮细胞培养和原生质体培养方法对草坪草的一些种已建立较为完善的植株再生体系.在建立再生体系的基础上,利用原生质体融合、农杆菌介导、基因枪和碳化硅纤维介导等转基因方法在一些草坪草种上建立了遗传转化体系并获得了有一定价值的转基因植株.最后,对草坪草转基因存在的问题和前景作了讨论. 相似文献
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Trait improvement of turfgrass through genetic engineering is important to the turfgrass industry and the environment. However,
the possible transgene escape to wild and non-transformed species raises ecological and commercial concerns. Male sterility
provides an effective way for interrupting gene flow. We have designed and synthesized two chimeric gene constructs consisting
of a rice tapetum-specific promoter (TAP) fused to either a ribonuclease gene barnase, or the antisense of a rice tapetum-specific gene rts. Both constructs were linked to the bar gene for selection by resistance to the herbicide glufosinate. Agrobacterium-mediated transformation of creeping bentgrass (cv Penn A-4) with both constructs resulted in herbicide-resistant transgenic plants that were also 100% pollen sterile. Mendelian
segregation of herbicide resistance and male sterility was observed in T1 progeny derived from crosses with wild-type plants.
Controlled self- and cross-pollination studies showed no gene transfer to non-transgenic plants from male-sterile transgenic
plants. Thus, male sterility can serve as an important tool to control transgene escape in bentgrass, facilitating the application
of genetic engineering in producing environmentally responsible turfgrass with enhanced traits. It also provides a tool to
control gene flow in other perennial species using transgenic technology. 相似文献
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Turgrfass used on landscapes, parks, sports fields, and golf courses has significant ecological, environmental, and economic impacts. The economic value of seed production of turfgrasses is second to hybrid corn. The land area cultivated with turfgrass is increasing due to rapid urban development. Turfgrass is often subjected to various abiotic stresses, which cause declines in aesthetic quality, functionality and seed yield. Among abiotic stresses, drought, salinity, heat, and low temperature are the most common detrimental factors for turfgrass growth in various regions. Thorough understanding of mechanisms of turfgrass stress responses is vital for the development of superior stress-tolerant germplasm through breeding and biotechnology. Significant progress has been made in turfgrass stress physiology and molecular biology in recent decades, but research for turfgrasses generally lags behind that of the major Poaceae crops, particularly at the molecular and genomic levels. This review focuses on research advances in turfgrass stress physiology and provides an overview of limited information on gene discovery, genetic transformation, and molecular marker development for improving stress tolerance, with emphasis on drought, salinity, heat, and low temperature stress. Major growth and physiological traits associated with these stresses, as well as metabolic and molecular factors regulating various traits for turfgrass tolerance to each stress are discussed. Future research at the systems biology level and through genomic sequencing is paramount for further insights on fundamental mechanisms of turfgrass stress tolerance and for improving turfgrass tolerance to various environmental stresses. 相似文献
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禾本科牧草与草坪草在农业可持续发展、城市绿化和生态环境保护方面起着至关重要的作用。近年来, 随着生物技术的发展, 国内外在牧草及草坪草雄核发育与单倍体育种研究方面取得了较大进展。该文在归纳总结该领域研究成果的基础上, 对影响禾本科牧草及草坪草雄核发育与单倍体育种的几个主要因素进行了探讨。大量研究结果表明, 供试材料的基因型是影响培养效率的最主要因素。小孢子发育到单核中期至晚期时有利于提高培养效率。培养前花药经过低温和甘露醇等预处理不但可以提高愈伤组织的诱导效率, 还可提高愈伤组织的质量。适宜的激素种类和配比也是影响培养成败的关键因素。同时, 总结了雄核发育再生植株的倍性鉴定方法和加倍技术, 对单倍体育种技术在禾本科牧草及草坪草育种中的应用前景进行了展望。 相似文献