国产丽豆属2个种的比较形态及其生态学特性和地理分布

对国产丽豆属间断分布的2个种丽豆(Calophaca sinica)和新疆丽豆(C．soongorica)进行了形态、地理分布及其生态学特性的研究,其中包括叶表皮微观结构、花粉和果皮形态、种皮特征以及分布现状、生态学适应性等,结合古地理、气候、植被等的变迁,探讨了丽豆属的起源、形态分化及其环境解释以及现代分布式样的成因,并对其资源利用与保护方面的有关问题提出了相关措施和建议。     

蒙新荒漠两侧丽豆属对子种的细胞地理学研究

中国丽豆和新疆丽豆是蒙新荒漠两侧豆科植物区系为一对较为重要的间断分布的对子种。中国丽豆分布于黄土高原东部的局部地区,而新疆丽豆分布于新疆塔城一带和西天山山脉。从细胞地理学角度对它们进行了研究,结果表明：中国丽豆为二倍体,核型公式为２ｎ＝２ｘ＝１６＝１２ｍ＋４ｓｍ;新疆丽豆为四倍体,核型公式为２ｎ＝４ｘ＝３２＝２４ｍ＋８ｓｍ,两种均为“２Ａ”核型,属的染色体基数ｘ＝８。     

基于LC-MS代谢组学技术的丽豆-大豆差异代谢物比较研究

丽豆(Calophaca sinica)是我国华北地区特有的一种珍稀野生植物。为探明丽豆的营养价值，该文以大豆(Glycine max)为参照组，利用液相色谱-质谱联用(LC-MS)技术对其种子进行了比较代谢组学研究。结果表明：(1)丽豆和大豆中共检测到1 857种代谢产物，二者成分相同且含量相似的代谢物有1 698种(>90%),差异代谢物有159种(<10%)。(2)在差异代谢物中，成分差异的有9种，其中有5种为丽豆特有，剩余150种均为含量差异，其中48种(约30%)在丽豆中的含量高于大豆。(3) KEGG注释到8条差异代谢物显著富集(P<0.1)的通路，主要包括初生代谢物的各类氨基酸生物合成途径和次生代谢物的罗汉松脂素、花生四烯酸以及二萜类等生物合成途径。(4)丽豆比大豆含量低的化学组分主要是初生代谢产物，比大豆含量高的化学组分主要是次生代谢物，而这些次生代谢物在调节血糖、骨坏损修复、增强免疫以及消炎抗癌等生理过程中有着积极的作用。综上所述，该研究认为丽豆与大豆具有相近的营养价值，并且对改善人类亚健康状况有积极的影响；此外，该文使我们对丽豆的营养价值和代谢组成...     

丽斑麻蜥

丽斑麻蜥(Eremias argus)是我国长江以北最为常见的一种小型蜥蜴,俗名麻蛇子。根据我们多年的研究并参考有关资料,对它们的生物学和生态学特性作综合介绍以供参考。分类和分布丽斑麻蜥属蜥蜴目、蜥蜴科、麻蜥属。迄今为止,全世界已发现的麻蜥有50种左右,我国现知9种,其中以丽斑麻蜥最为常见。该种的模式标本采于山东烟台。近年有人将分布于我国的丽斑麻蜥分为二个亚种,即指名亚种(E.a.argus)和北方亚种(E.a.barbouri)。前者分布于江苏、安徽、山东、河南和河北南部;后者则分布在辽宁、吉林、黑龙江、山西、陕西、内蒙古、宁夏、甘肃、青海…     

关于苦马豆属学名的讨论

本文根据国内外豆科研究文献的考证,讨论了苦马豆属(Sphaerophysa DC.)及其近缘属的区别,重新确认了国产苦马豆属和苦马豆的学名。     

中国棘豆属（豆科）二新记录种

报道了中国棘豆属二新记录种——黄绿花棘豆和丛棘豆。黄绿花棘豆主要分布于蒙古国,丛棘豆主要分布于蒙古国和俄罗斯,在中国为首次记录。文中凭证标本存放于内蒙古大学植物标本馆(HIMC)。     

新疆棘豆属棘豆组的修订

通过对大量标本和文献的研究,并结合野外居群的观察分析,澄清了《中国植物志》棘豆组中存在的分类学问题,对新疆棘豆属棘豆组植物的分类进行修订,确认产于新疆的棘豆属棘豆组植物8种、1变型,并重新编制了新疆棘豆属棘豆组的分种检索表,以及各种的分类学处理及地理分布.研究结果表明:少花棘豆归并在宽瓣棘豆中,其中少花棘豆为新异名;冰河棘豆应改为球花棘豆;冰川棘豆的学名更正为Oxytropis proboscidea;将黑萼棘豆并入长茎棘豆组中.此外,棘豆组增加了3个类群:等瓣棘豆、伊朗棘豆和奇台棘豆,其中等瓣棘豆和伊朗棘豆为新疆新记录种,白花球花棘豆为新变型.     

棘豆属（豆科）一新组

记载了棘豆属一新组。目前该组包括二个种,它们是：黄穗棘豆和绿黄棘豆。过去,国内的学都将黄毛棘豆与黄穗棘豆等同。而文中作者认为黄毛棘豆是黄穗棘豆的一个变种。另外异色黄毛棘豆被作为变种处理。绿黄棘豆是一个中国新分布种。     

广西豆科植物新记录属——镰瓣豆属

该文报道了中国广西豆科(Fabaceae)植物新分布记录属,即镰瓣豆属[Dysolobium (Benth.) Prain],同时描述了该属的分类学特征,并提供了镰瓣豆[D. grande (Benth.) Prain]的引证标本、地理信息和图片。     

东喜马拉雅地区雀儿豆属的修订

本文依据形态特征对分布于东喜马拉雅地区的雀区豆属植物进行了研究,认为荚果圆柱形,长圆形并且果皮具海绵状结构非该类植物所特有;垫状生活型则是植物对高山带,荒砾质带生态适应的结果。     

马鸡的分类、分布及演化关系的初步探讨

（１）在耳羽簇发达程度，尾羽形状，腓肠肌外支腿膜内的种子骨和第二趾收肌，雄鸡间争偶和占区行为，巢址选择，瓣生雏形态等方面，白马鸡和藏马鸡，蓝马鸡和褐钯鸡分别表现出明显不同的一致性。基于此，我们认为白马鸡和藏马鸡是原始的类型，蓝马鸡和褐马鸡有较近的亲缘关系。（２）青藏高原短暂的隆起历史和相应发生的生态环境的复杂变化，是白马鸡各亚种形态多变而不稳定的主要原因。与白马鸡相比，藏马鸡的体色特化而稳定，结合     

珍稀濒危植物独叶草的生物学特性及保护对策

对我国特有的珍稀濒危植物独叶草的生物学特性,包括其形态特征、生长特性、生境特点、群落学特性和地理分布进行了较系统的综述,分析了独叶草濒危的可能原因,并提出了一些保护措施.     

Cyanophyta of lakes and ponds of Hope Bay,Antarctic Peninsula

This paper presents the results of the floristic inventory of the freshwater Cyanophyceae found in plankton samples from nine lakes and ponds at Hope Bay (Antarctic Peninsula). Forty taxa were recorded, among which nine are new records for Antarctica. All the taxa are illustrated, and their distribution in Antarctica as well as the ecological characteristics of the sampling sites are given. The main morphological features and the geographic distribution are also given for the new records.     

基于植物功能性状的生态学研究进展:从个体水平到全球尺度

植物功能性状是指能够反映植物碳获取、水分传递、养分循环等的重要生命活动的属性,包括植物生理、形态和物候等方面的特征。通过植物功能性状探讨物种分布格局、生长策略和存活机制及其对全球变化的响应与适应,是近年来生态学研究的热点之一。然而,不同尺度下植物功能性状与环境因子的关系存在差异,并且性状之间的关系也不尽相同。从物种、种群、群落、植被区系到全球尺度,围绕植物功能性状之间的相互关系及其对气候环境变化响应的热点问题进行了综述,梳理了近年来植物功能性状研究领域的进展,并讨论了目前植物功能性状研究的局限性和该领域未来的发展趋势。     

森林溪流倒木生态学研究进展

溪流倒木是指在河流中长度大于1 m、直径大于10 cm的死木。溪流倒木在森林河流中(特别是较小的河流中)是一个常见且重要的结构成分。该文综述了近30年溪流倒木的研究成果(主要来自北美),总结溪流倒木在河流形态、碳循环、泥沙与养分拦截、水生生境的形成、水生生物多样性等方面的生态功能,倒木的时间动态性与空间变异性,以及干扰(包括自然干扰与人为干扰)与倒木存留量及分布的关系。此外,该文也探讨了溪流倒木的生态管理模式及未来研究方向。大量的研究证明,溪流倒木对森林水生生态系统具有重要的生态功能,但它的存留量、分布以及它的生态意义因所研究的森林生态系统、河流大小不同而异。随着河流宽度的增加, 倒木的存留量及它对河流的影响减少,并且倒木的分布以单个为主变为聚集体为主。单个倒木的直径则随河流宽度增加而增大。倒木也呈现十分明显的时间动态性,而这种动态往往是由大规模毁灭性的森林干扰(火、风倒等)所驱动的。研究倒木的时空变异性及自然干扰与人为干扰对倒木的不同影响对于保持倒木的生态功能是十分必要的。该文还对中国开展溪流倒木的生态研究提出一些建议。     

橄榄(Canarium album)种子形态结构与数量性状分析

以福建主栽的橄榄（Canarium album（Lour.）Rauesch.）品种‘长营’种子为材料,观察其成熟种子及不同发育时期种子的形态结构,对数量性状进行测量与统计分析,并运用概率分级建立形态指标的正态分布分级标准。结果显示,橄榄种子表型性状和形态结构变异较大,各数量性状变异系数为6.77%~19.04%,具有丰富的遗传多样性;橄榄种子心室类型有12种,其中三心室占比最高（97.80%）;胚数量0~4个不等;经K-S检验,各数量性状符合正态分布,依据各性状可划分为5级分级标准。本研究为橄榄种质的系统学研究提供了种子形态方面的新内容,可为橄榄资源描述的标准化及遗传育种研究提供一定的参考。     

Ecological plasticity by morphological design reduces costs of subordination: influence on species distribution

We studied the feeding behaviour of two subordinate tit species (Parus spp.) in two competitive contexts: feeding solitarily versus feeding in the presence of the dominant great tit. Considering ecological plasticity as the within-species component of mean behavioural performance associated with different morphologies in different species, we test the hypothesis that subordinate species with morphological designs allowing a greater ecological plasticity (e.g. blue tit whose hindlimb morphology is modified for greater leg flexion) may gain an advantage against subordinate species with a less plastic design (e.g. crested tit whose hindlimb morphology is modified for aid in leg extension) in a competitive context. Our results demonstrate that the blue tit has greater foraging abilities than the crested tit, as the former is able to modify its feeding behaviour in the presence of the dominant great tit significantly more than the crested tit. In light of these results we propose that some subordinate species can take advantage of their greater ecological plasticity against another less plastic, subordinate species, suggesting that ecological plasticity due to morphological design is a way of reducing costs of subordination as well as a novel, alternative mechanism explaining species distribution.     

Morphology,taxonomy, ecology,and distribution of <Emphasis Type="Italic">Cyclotella choctawhatcheeana</Emphasis> prasad (Bacillariophyta)

A study of the widespread centric diatom Cyclotella choctawhatcheeana has revealed the variability of qualitative and quantitative morphological diagnostic features, as well as the presence of initial cells, and allowed us to obtain new data on the ecology and distribution of the species. On the basis of original and literature data, the diagnosis of the species is emended. The conspecificity of C. tuberculata, which is common for waterbodies of the former Soviet Union, with C. choctawhatcheeana, which is new for the flora of Russia, is confirmed, making it possible to bring the first species into the synonymy of the latter. The study of samples of C. caspia from the Caspian Sea which are similar in morphology and ecology allowed us to define the variability of some features of this species and its relationship with C. choctawhatcheeana and to evaluate its taxonomical importance for some of them.     

The tarsal‐metatarsal complex of caviomorph rodents: Anatomy and functional‐adaptive analysis

Caviomorph rodents represent a major adaptive radiation of Neotropical mammals. They occupy a variety of ecological niches, which is also reflected in their wide array of locomotor behaviors. It is expected that this radiation would be mirrored by an equivalent disparity of tarsal‐metatarsal morphology. Here, the tarsal‐metatarsal complex of Erethizontidae, Cuniculidae, Dasyproctidae, Caviidae, Chinchillidae, Octodontidae, Ctenomyidae, and Echimyidae was examined, in order to evaluate its anatomical variation and functional‐adaptive relevance in relation to locomotor behaviors. A qualitative study in functional morphology and a geometric morphometric analysis were performed. We recognized two distinct tarsal‐metatarsal patterns that represent the extremes of anatomical variation in the foot. The first, typically present in arboreal species, is characterized by features that facilitate movements at different levels of the tarsal‐metatarsal complex. The second pattern, typically present in cursorial caviomorphs, has a set of features that act to stabilize the joints, improve the interlocking of the tarsal bones, and restrict movements to the parasagittal plane. The morphological disparity recognized in this study seems to result from specific locomotor adaptations to climb, dig, run, jump and swim, as well as phylogenetic effects within and among the groups studies.