苦参碱对大眼隐翅虫和梭毒隐翅虫的影响

大眼隐翅虫Stenus (Stenus,s.str)sp.1和梭毒隐翅虫Paedenus fusipes Curtis是重要的天敌昆虫。用苦参碱在室内做了大眼隐翅虫和梭毒隐翅虫的药效实验。结果表明,苦参碱对大眼隐翅虫和梭毒隐翅虫有一定的毒杀作用。     

杀虫双对梭毒隐翅虫捕食功能的影响

梭毒隐翅虫Paederus fuscipes Curtis是一种重要的天敌昆虫.在室内条件下,采用浸渍法测定了18%高效杀虫双在田间常用最低浓度时,对梭毒隐翅虫成虫死亡率和捕食功能的影响.试验结果表明,18%高效杀虫双对梭毒隐翅虫的致死作用及捕食功能影响均较小,但对残存个体捕食功能的影响超过致死作用.     

四种杀虫农药对梭毒隐翅虫捕食功能的影响

梭毒隐翅虫Paederus fuscipes Curtis是一种重要的天敌昆虫。本试验在室内条件下采用浸渍法分别测定了4种杀虫农药在田间常用最低浓度时对梭毒隐翅虫成虫死亡率和捕食功能的影响。试验结果表明,梭毒隐翅虫对10％高效杀虫死最敏感,对22％蚜虱灵、40％氧乐果乳油次之,而18％杀虫双水剂对它的致死作用及捕食功能影响均较小。4种杀虫农药对残存个体捕食功能的影响均超过致死作用。     

梭毒隐翅虫人工饲料研究

分别用一种天然饲料和三种人工饲料以同样的方法喂养梭毒隐翅虫(Paederus fuscipes Curtis)成虫,结果表明四种饲料都能使梭毒隐翅虫存活,就可操作性而言猪肝粉蜂蜜混合饲料优于其他三种饲料,可加工成成品饲料饲养与梭毒隐翅虫食性相近的毒隐翅虫成虫.     

三种隐翅虫下颚须和下唇须感器超微结构的比较研究(鞘翅目:隐翅虫总科)

利用扫描电子显微镜对3种隐翅虫成虫的下颚须和下唇须外部形态进行观察,结果表明,3种隐翅虫成虫的下颚须、下唇须末节感器变化较大。梭毒隐翅虫Paederus fuscipes Curtis下颚须末节有毛形感器、刚毛形感器、柱形感器、感器簇和板形感器,其中柱形感器、感器簇和板形感器在其它昆虫下颚须中未见报道,下唇须末节有锥形感器。闪蓝束毛隐翅虫Dianous coeruleotinctus Puthz和瘦突眼隐翅虫Stenus tenuipes Sharp下颚须、下唇须末节较光滑,仅闪蓝束毛隐翅虫下颚须末节有孔状结构。此外,文中还探讨了这些感器的功能及在分类学上的意义。     

毒隐翅虫与隐翅虫皮炎

<正> 鞘翅目隐翅虫科毒隐翅虫属(Paederus)一些种类的体液有毒,与人的皮肤接触后会引起隐翅虫皮炎(Paederus dermatitis)或称线状皮炎(Dermatitis linearis)。世界上许多地方如非     

中国颊脊隐翅虫属二点与一点颊脊隐翅虫亚属三新种(鞘翅目,隐翅虫科,隐翅虫亚科)

记述中国颊脊隐翅虫属Quedius二点颊脊隐翅虫亚属Microsaurus和一点颊脊隐翅虫亚属Raphirus 3新种,李氏二点颊脊隐翅虫Quedius(Microsaurus)lii sp.nov.,肖氏二点颊脊隐翅虫Quedius(Microsaurus)xiaoae sp.nov.,和粪一点颊脊隐翅虫Quedius(Rphirus)coprobius sp.nov..李氏二点颊脊隐翅虫至今未归入任何种群,可能代表一个新群,肖氏二点颊脊隐翅虫隶属二点颊脊隐翅虫亚属的穆柯颊脊隐翅虫群mukuensis,粪一点颊脊隐翅虫为一点颊脊隐翅虫亚属的里颊脊隐翅虫群intricatus的成员.     

中国颊脊隐翅虫属附点颊脊隐翅虫亚属三新种(鞘翅目,隐翅虫科,隐翅虫亚科)

记述中国颊脊隐翅虫属Quedius附点颊脊隐翅虫亚属Distichalius 3新种,王氏附点颊脊隐翅虫Quedius(Distichalius)wangi sp.nov.,仙附点颊脊隐翅虫Quedius(D.)xiansp.nov.,和卧龙附点颊脊隐翅虫Quedius(D.)wolong sp.nov.。俯附点颊脊隐翅虫Q.(D.)lin Smetana和日本附点颊脊隐翅虫Q.(D.)pretiosus Sharp分别在中国大陆和重庆市是首次记录。3新种都隶属克什米尔附点颊脊隐翅虫群thekashmirensis group,该群为中国新纪录群。2新纪录种,俯附点颊脊隐翅虫和日本附点颊脊隐翅虫,分别是连附点颊脊隐翅虫群theannectens group和查特附点颊脊隐翅虫群thechaterjeei group的成员。     

中国四川和宁夏巨须隐翅虫亚属的新种和新纪录(鞘翅目,隐翅虫科,巨须隐翅虫亚科)

报道中国四川和宁夏巨须隐翅虫属Oxyporus Fablicius,巨须隐翅虫亚属subgenus Oxyporus12个种.记述了 4新种,黄缘巨须隐翅虫Oxyporus aureomarginatus,北川巨须隐翅虫O.beichuanus,海螺沟巨须隐翅虫O.hailuogou和肩斑巨须隐翅虫O.humerosus.简述了1新亚种,扬氏高山巨须隐翅虫O.altus yangae的特征.首次记述了黑胸巨须隐翅虫O.nigricollis Zheng的雄性.提供了高山巨须隐翅虫Oxyporus altus Huang,Zhao et Li,仙台巨须隐翅虫O.germanus Sharp,黑腹蕈巨须隐翅虫O.humerocroceus Huang,Zhao et Li,溪巨须隐翅虫O.riparius Zheng,橘红巨须隐翅虫O.rufus(Linné),中华巨须隐翅虫O.sinicus Huang,Zhao et Li,和横沟巨须隐翅虫O.transversesrlcatus Bernhauer的新分布.所有研究标本都附有彩色整体外形图,新种和新的雄性配有特征图.     

中国颊脊隐翅虫属比桑颊脊隐翅虫群三新亚种(鞘翅目,隐翅虫科,隐翅虫亚科)

记述中国四川颊脊隐翅虫属Quedius比桑颊脊隐翅虫群(beesoni group) 3新亚种,北川颊脊隐翅虫Q. (M.)noboruitoi beichuanensis,片口颊脊隐翅虫Q. (M.)noboruitoi piankouatilis,二郎山颊脊隐翅虫Q.(M.)noboruitoi erlangshanus。首次记录来自中国重庆的比桑颊脊隐翅虫Q. (M.)beesoni Cameron。列出了比桑颊脊隐翅虫群中国已知种和亚种检索表。     

Wolbachia screening in spiders and assessment of horizontal transmission between predator and prey

Recent studies have revealed that the prevalence of Wolbachia in arthropods is attributable not only to its vertical transmission, but also to its horizontal transfer. In order to assess the horizontal transmission of Wolbachia between predator and prey, arthropods belonging to 11 spider families and six insect families were collected in the same field of rice. The distribution of Wolbachia in these arthropods was detected by diagnostic PCR amplification of the wsp (Wolbachia outer surface protein gene) and 16S rDNA genes. Nurscia albofasciata Strand (Araneae: Titanoecidae), Propylea japonica Thunberg (Coleoptera: Coccinellidae), Paederus fuscipes Curtis (Coleoptera: Staphylinidae), and Nilaparvata lugens Stal (Homoptera: Delphacidae) were infected with Wolbachia. This is the first report of infection of N. albofasciata and P. fuscipes by Wolbachia. No direct evidence indicated the existence of horizontal transmission of Wolbachia between predator and prey.     

菜用大豆田害虫天敌资源调查初报

根据田间系统调查,共发现菜用大豆田害虫天敌83种,隶属于2个纲8个目34个科69属;另发现2种病原微生物。其中索非亚恩蚜小蜂、银纹夜蛾多胚跳小蜂等是主要的寄生性天敌;青翅蚁形隐翅甲、龟纹瓢虫、草间小黑蛛、齿螯额角蛛和八斑鞘腹蛛等是主要的捕食性天敌。     

稻田主要捕食性天敌的栖境生态位与捕食作用分析

本文进行了稻田捕食性天敌与稻飞虱的栖境生态位调查,并应用正交试验设计、添加试验法和排除试验法研究了?物种的栖境生态位与各天敌捕食作用的关系,结果表明：在5种灭敌与2种害虫共存系统中,天敌对褐飞虱Nilaparvata lugens Stal捕食量的正主效应大小依次为： 粽管巢蛛 Clubiona aponicola、青翅蚁形隐翅虫Paederus fuscipes、前齿肖蛸Tetragnatha praedonia、食虫沟瘤蛛 Ummeliata insecticeps,拟水狼蛛Pirata subpiraticus的负主效应值最大(随狼蛛密度增大捕食量下降);对稻纵卷叶螟Cnaphlocrcis medinalis Guenee捕食量正主效应大小依次为： 粽管巢蛛、肖蛸、青翅蚁形隐翊虫。多物种共存系统中,狼蛛、微蛛、跳蛛主要捕食飞虱;肖蛸主要捕食稻纵卷叶螟;管巢蛛对两种害虫均具有较好的控制作用。这与各物种的生态位宽度值相一致。当飞虱密度在每穴10一30头时,多物种共存系统优良的生物序是拟水狼蛛、食虫瘤胸蛛、青翅蚁形隐翅虫各为l头,棕管巢蛛2头,此时天敌的控制作用最大。添加法和排除法试验结果表明在具-定数量的多物种共存系统中,再增加天敌密度不一定能增加猎物的被捕食数,其直接的生物学原因是种间种内干扰(包括种间种内残杀)     

蚕豆田节肢类群落特征的初步研究

经调查,蚕豆田的昆虫和蜘蛛,计有68种,其中属农作物害虫的有18种,天敌有50种。本文还对蚕豆田节肢类的优势种群、种群动态及其群落特征进行了分析,阐明了保护蚕豆田中的天敌对控制后茬作物害虫的重要意义。     

Targeting modular polyketide synthases with iteratively acting acyltransferases from metagenomes of uncultured bacterial consortia

Bacterial type I polyketide synthases (PKSs) produce a wide range of biomedically important secondary metabolites. These enzymes possess a modular structure that can be genetically re-engineered to yield novel drug candidates not found in nature. Recently, we have reported the putative pederin PKS from an uncultured bacterial symbiont of Paederus fuscipes beetles. It belongs to an architecturally unusual PKS group, the members of which contain iteratively acting acyltransferases that are not integrated into the PKS modules but are encoded by isolated genes. As these systems are rare, often contain additional unusual features and are of smaller size than regular PKSs, the development of a method for the targeted isolation of new group members would be of great interest. Here, we present a phylogenetic approach to identify these systems rapidly in highly complex metagenomic DNA samples. To demonstrate its practical value, we located two pederin-type PKS systems putatively involved in the biosynthesis of antitumour polyketides in the metagenomic DNA of beetles, sponges and their uncultivated bacterial symbionts.     

不同干扰因素对斜纹猫蛛(Oxyopes sertatus)和红彩真猎蝽(Harpactor fuscipes)捕食作用的影响

斜纹猫蛛和红彩真猎蝽均是烟草上斜纹夜蛾的重要捕食性天敌。室内测定几种干扰因素对斜纹猫蛛和红彩真猎蝽捕食作用的影响,结果表明这些干扰因素对斜纹猫蛛种内、红彩真猎蝽种内和两种捕食者种间的捕食作用均有明显的干扰作用,随捕食者数量的增加,其对斜纹夜蛾捕食作用率显著降低。斜纹猫蛛种内的干扰系数和红彩真猎蝽种内的干扰系数分别为0.7278和0.6911,而两者种间的干扰系数为0.9464,说明两者种间的干扰作用要明显高于同一种捕食者种内的干扰作用。两种捕食性天敌对斜纹夜蛾的捕食量和捕食作用率随烟草茎杆数的增加而降低,表明空间异质性同样是影响两种捕食性天敌捕食作用的一个重要因素。     

Molecular identification of an endosymbiotic bacterium associated with pederin biosynthesis in Paederus sabaeus (Coleoptera: Staphylinidae)

Biosynthesis of the structurally complex hemolymph toxin pederin is an eminent character of Paederus females. For that capability, however, they rely on endosymbiotic bacteria that are lacking in aposymbiotic females. The bacterial inhabitants of the two phenotypes in Paederus sabaeus are evaluated in a PCR-based analysis of 16S rDNA. A certain fragment, which is not found in aposymbiotic females, is highly dominant in the other, biosynthesizing females and thus identifies the endosymbiont. Its DNA sequence reveals a member of the gamma subdivision of the Proteobacteria that is clustered within the genus Pseudomonas (sensu stricto) as it is most closely related to Pseudomonas aeruginosa. These bacteria appear as the hypothesized common producers of pederin and the pederin family of analogs from marine sponges.