肥胖儿童非酒精性脂肪肝病与血清铁蛋白相关性研究

目的：探讨血清铁蛋白和肥胖儿童非酒精性脂肪肝（NAFLD）之间的关系,为早期发现肥胖儿童NAFLD提供临床科学依据。方法：选取2016年5月—2018年12月在丽水市中心医院诊断为肥胖的儿童315例,男233例、女82例,平均年龄(11.4±2.6)岁,体质指数（BMI）（24.5±4.6）kg/m2。依据B超结果将315例儿童分为单纯性肥胖184例、肥胖伴NAFLD 131例。按照标准方法测量儿童体重、身高、腰围,同时选取同时期体检同年龄段的健康儿童35例作为对照组。检测血清总胆固醇（TC）、甘油三酯（TG）、低密度脂蛋白（LDL）、高密度脂蛋白（HDL）、血清铁蛋白（SF）等指标。结果：在315例肥胖儿童中,其中116人检出脂肪肝（男性91例、女性25例）,脂肪肝检出率为36.9%,男性和女性肥胖儿童青少年脂肪肝检出率分别是39.1%、30.4%,两组之间差异有统计学意义（P＜0.05）。年龄及BMI在对照组、单纯肥胖组和肥胖伴NAFLD组之间差异无统计学意义（P＞0.05）。腰围在肥胖伴NAFLD组和单纯肥胖组均大于对照组（P＜0.05）;TG、HDL、SF在3组间比较有差异（P＜0.05）;TG在肥胖伴NAFLD组结果要高于对照组;HDL在肥胖伴NAFLD组和单纯肥胖组低于对照组;SF在肥胖伴NAFLD组高于单纯肥胖组和对照组。轻、中、重度3组脂肪肝儿童SF比较发现重度NAFLD＞中度NAFLD＞轻度NAFLD。经多因素Logistic回归分析,甘油三酯（TG）、血清铁蛋白（SF）和性别均是儿童非酒精性脂肪肝的危险因素。结论：血清铁蛋白、血脂、腰围等指标可以作为监测肥胖儿童伴发NAFLD的有效指标。     

松滋市7～12岁单纯性肥胖儿童血清25羟基维生素D水平与其血脂关系的研究

目的：调查湖北省松滋市117例7~12岁儿童维生素D水平与其血脂关系,评价本地区维生素D水平与儿童肥胖的关系。方法：选取2016—2017年在松滋市妇幼保健院接受体检的7~12岁儿童,测定血清25羟基维生素D浓度、BMI以及血脂指标。结果：单纯性肥胖组的血清25羟基维生素D浓度为（10.96±1.64）ng/mL,严重低于正常对照组［（23.93±5.01）ng/mL］（P＜0.05）,超重组的维生素D水平［（16.33±3.54）ng/mL］也低于正常对照组,具有统计学意义（P＜0.05）。儿童血清25羟基维生素D水平与其对应的BMI呈显著负相关（r=-0.78,P=0.000）。肥胖组的TC、TG、LDL C水平显著高于超重组和正常对照组（P＜0.05）。结论：松滋市肥胖、超重的儿童体内血清维生素D水平营养状况存在不足和严重缺乏的现象,与光照时间不足、户外活动缺乏有关,建议对维生素D缺乏的儿童进行膳食干预,加强户外活动,重视肥胖与维生素D等相关营养素的知识宣教,减少因维生素D缺乏导致其他疾病的发生。     

肥胖儿童血清25- 羟维生素D 水平的研究

目的:探讨肥胖儿童血清25-(OH)D的水平,为临床评估维生素D营养状况与儿童肥胖症关系的研究提供参考。方法:将2009年5月至10月收治的儿童依据体重指数分成3组,抽取空腹静脉血检测血清中25-(OH)D水平,并进行组间比较。结果:通过分析25-(OH)D水平,肥胖组婴儿指标显著低于正常儿和瘦婴儿,统计学分析差异有显著性意义。结论:肥胖婴儿较正常儿和瘦婴儿25-(OH)D水平低,更易患佝偻病。提示防治佝偻病,对肥胖婴儿尤应重视,更要补充维生素D。     

长沙市肥胖小学生血清瘦素水平的变化及其影响因素分析

目的:探讨长沙市肥胖小学生血清瘦素(leptin)水平的变化及其影响因素.方法:长沙市5所小学7～12周岁学龄儿童中随机抽取单纯性肥胖儿童119名和正常体重儿童103名,分别测定腰围(WC),臀围,腰臀比(WHR),双能X线骨密度仪(DEXA)测量体脂百分比(%BF),并检测血清甘油三酯(TG)、总胆固醇(TC)、高密度脂蛋白胆固醇(HDL-C)、低密度脂蛋白胆固醇(LDL-C)、空腹血糖(FBG)和空腹胰岛素(FINS),计算稳态模型胰岛素抵抗指数(HOMA-IR),ELISA法测血清瘦素(Leptin).结果:肥胖小学生血清瘦素水平显著高于正常儿童(P<0.01),肥胖小学生瘦素水平与BMI、WC、WHR、%BF、TG、LDL-C呈明显正相关,与HDL-C呈明显负相关,多元逐步回归分析表明FINS、HOMA-IR、BMI、TG、LDL-C及%BF是肥胖儿童血清瘦素水平的主要相关因素.结论:长沙市肥胖小学生血清瘦素水平升高且与体脂、胰岛素抵抗和血脂明显相关.     

单纯性肥胖儿童血清Hcy、visfatin、E-FABP水平与糖脂代谢紊乱和炎症因子的相关性分析

摘要 目的：研究单纯性肥胖儿童血清同型半胱氨酸（Hcy）、内脂素（visfatin）、上皮型脂肪酸结合蛋白（E-FABP）水平与糖脂代谢紊乱和炎症因子的相关性。方法：将2019年4月～2020年10月于我院就诊的70例单纯性肥胖儿童纳入研究,记作肥胖组。另取同期于我院接受体检的健康儿童70例作为对照组。检测并比较两组血清Hcy、visfatin、E-FABP水平,糖脂代谢紊乱相关指标和炎症因子水平。以Pearson相关性分析明确单纯性肥胖儿童血清Hcy、visfatin、E-FABP水平与糖脂代谢紊乱和炎症因子的关系。结果：肥胖组血清Hcy、visfatin、E-FABP水平均高于对照组（均P＜0.05）。肥胖组空腹血糖（FPG）、空腹胰岛素（FINS）水平及胰岛素抵抗指数（HOMA-IR）均高于对照组（均P＜0.05）。肥胖组总胆固醇（TC）、甘油三酯（TG）、低密度脂蛋白胆固醇（LDL-C）水平均高于对照组,而高密度脂蛋白胆固醇（HDL-C）水平低于对照组（均P＜0.05）。肥胖组血清白细胞介素-1β（IL-1β）、白细胞介素-6（IL-6）及肿瘤坏死因子-α（TNF-α）水平均高于对照组（均P＜0.05）。经Pearson相关性分析可得：单纯性肥胖儿童血清Hcy、visfatin、E-FABP水平与FPG、FINS、HOMA-IR、TC、TG、LDL-C、IL-1β、IL-6、TNF-α水平均呈正相关,而与HDL-C水平呈负相关（均P＜0.05）。结论：单纯性肥胖儿童血清Hcy、visfatin、E-FABP水平均异常升高,且与其糖脂代谢紊乱及炎症反应密切相关,值得临床重点关注。     

单纯性生长激素缺乏症病人生长激素基因5‘端顺序研究

人生长激素基因大片段缺乏是单纯性生长激素缺乏症原因之一,但大多数单纯性生长激素缺乏症病因不明。为探查这些病人的发病机理,用ＰＣＲ技术扩增克隆了三例病人ｈＧＨ基因５＇端顺序,并检测了核苷酸序列,发现一例病人序列正常,但另二例病人均出现二种序列,一种是呈多态的正常顺序,另一种则有４个碱基的变异,发生在－１,＋３,＋１６,＋２５位核苷酸,揭示这些变异位点可能对转录翻译有影响,但这些变异顺序与生长激素缺乏     

儿童单纯肥胖症血清瘦素、脂联素相关性研究及意义

目的:检测单纯肥胖症患儿血清中瘦素、脂联素水平,评价其临床意义.方法:依据儿童单纯肥胖症诊断标准选取40名患儿,男女各20名,选取20名年龄、性别类同的健康儿童作为对照组.应用ELISA法检测患儿血清瘦素及脂联素水平,与健康儿童进行比较及男女两组之间比较.结果:与对照组相比,患儿血清脂联素水平降低,瘦素水平升高,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05),男女两组比较,差异无统计学意义(P>0.05).结论:肥胖症儿童脂联素、瘦素水平的变化与儿童肥胖症发病密切相关,对儿童肥胖症的发展趋势及预后判断有一定意义,脂联素、瘦素素水平是肥胖发生的预测指标.     

肥胖儿童血清25-羟维生素D水平的研究

目的：探讨肥胖儿童血清25-（OH）D的水平,为临床评估维生素D营养状况与儿童肥胖症关系的研究提供参考。方法：将2009年5月至10月收治的儿童依据体重指数分成3组,抽取空腹静脉血检测血清中25-（OH）D水平,并进行组间比较。结果：通过分析25-（OH）D水平,肥胖组婴儿指标显著低于正常儿和瘦婴儿,统计学分析差异有显著性意义。结论：肥胖婴儿较正常儿和瘦婴儿25-（OH）D水平低,更易患佝偻病。提示防治佝偻病,对肥胖婴儿尤应重视,更要补充维生素D。     

血清Ghrelin、p21 waf/cip1以及IGF-1与儿童特发性矮小症相关性分析

摘要 目的：研究特发性矮小症（ISS）儿童血清生长激素释放肽（Ghrelin）、p21 waf/cip1以及胰岛素生长因子-1（IGF-1）水平及其临床意义。方法：选择2017年1月到2020年12月在我院接受治疗的特发性矮小症儿童60例（ISS组）,选择同期体检健康儿童60例作为对照（对照组）,比较两组儿童一般资料,检测并比较两组儿童血清Ghrelin、p21 waf/cip1以及IGF-1水平。分析ISS儿童血清Ghrelin、p21 waf/cip1以及IGF-1水平与生长指标的相关性,同时分析治疗对其影响。结果：（1）ISS组患儿性别、年龄和体质指数与对照组比较无显著差异（P>0.05）,但身高、体重以及生长速度显著低于对照组儿童（P<0.05）;（2）ISS组患儿血清Ghrelin和p21 waf/cip1均显著高于对照组,而血清IGF-1显著低于对照组（P<0.05）;（3）ISS组患儿血清Ghrelin和p21 waf/cip1均与身高、体重和生长速度呈负相关,而血清IGF-1与身高、体重和生长速度呈正相关（P<0.05）;（4）治疗显著提高ISS组患儿身高、体重、生长速度以及血清IGF-1水平,而显著降低ISS组患儿血清Ghrelin和p21 waf/cip1水平（P<0.05）。结论：Ghrelin、p21 waf/cip1和IGF-1在特发性矮小症患儿血清中表达异常,共同调控儿童生长发育,是评价儿童生长发育的良好指标。     

血清视黄醇结合蛋白-4同儿童肥胖和代谢综合征组分的关系

目的:探讨儿童血清视黄醇结合蛋白-4(retinol-binding protein4,RBP-4),视黄醇,甲状腺素运载蛋白(transthyretin,TTR)等维生素A相关指标与肥胖、胰岛素抵抗以及代谢综合征组分之间的关系。方法:分别随机选取本地区13-15岁体检学生,其中正常对照组和单纯性肥胖组儿童各50例,测定其血清RBP-4、视黄醇、TTR水平;利用空腹胰岛素和定量胰岛索敏感性检测指标评价其胰岛素抵抗;同时测定代谢综合征部分组分水平和亚临床炎症指标。结果:仅5%的青少年存在维生素A营养不足状态。排除年龄、性别、感染等因素的影响后,血清RBP-4水平、视黄醇、RBP-4/TTR摩尔比值以及RBP-4/视黄醇摩尔比值与体重指数、体脂含量以及体脂的中心分布(WHR)等密切相关;RBP-4与代谢综合征组分的甘油三酯水平则存在明显的正相关,而RBP-4/视黄醇摩尔比值则与空腹胰岛素水平存在显著的正相关。结论:RBP-4可能通过视黄醇依赖和/或非视黄醇依赖的方式参与肥胖和代谢综合征的病理过程。     

The growth of children in relation to the timing of obesity development

Objective: To examine whether there is an association between the timing of the development of obesity and children's growth. Research Methods and Procedures: This study investigated 141 prepubertal obese children (76 girls) and 72 healthy non‐obese children (39 girls). The target height standard deviation score (SDS), the percentage weight for height, and the height SDS (H‐SDS) at presentation and at the age of 2 years were calculated. Patients were classified, according to whether obesity developed before or after the age of 3 years, as presenting with early‐onset or late‐onset obesity, respectively. Results: Mean age (±SD) at presentation was 9.4 (2.1) years. At the age of 2 years, the H‐SDS of the children with early‐onset obesity was 1.3 (1.0) vs. 0.9 (1.3) for the late‐onset obese (p > 0.5) and 0.4 (1.0) for controls (p < 0.001), and the children with late‐onset obesity were also significantly taller than controls (p < 0.005). At presentation, children with early‐onset obesity were significantly taller than children with late‐onset obesity [1.1 (0.8) vs. 0.6 (1.0); p < 0.001] and controls [0.2 (0.8); p < 0.001]. There was no increase in H‐SDS after the age of 2 years in the late‐onset obese children (p > 0.05). H‐SDS values were below average in 21% of the children with late‐onset obesity and in only 4% of the children with early‐onset obesity. Discussion: These findings indicate that late development of obesity is not associated with increased stature in prepubertal children; however, it may be preceded by growth acceleration in the early years of life. Growth acceleration in early life may be a predictor for future obesity.     

Predictors of accurate maternal perception of their preschool child's weight status among Hispanic WIC participants

Childhood obesity is a growing problem in the United States. Parental perception of their children's weight status is a key factor that needs to be considered when developing prevention programs for preschool children. Using a randomly selected sample of participants of Special Supplemental Nutrition Program for Women, Infants, and Children (WIC) in Los Angeles County, we assessed accuracy of maternal perceptions of their children's weight status by comparing children's weight classification to the mothers' response to the question “Do you consider your child to be overweight, underweight or about right weight for (his) (her) height?” Additionally, we identified possible predictors of accurate maternal perception of their children's weight status by conducting a logistic regression model with child's gender, child's birth weight, maternal age, maternal BMI, maternal education, maternal acculturation level, and maternal language preference as potential predictors. Almost all mothers in the study classified their overweight or obese child as being about the right weight (93.6% and 77.5% of mothers, respectively). Maternal BMI and child's birth weight were the only predictors of maternal perception of their child's weight. Both were negatively associated with accuracy, with higher maternal BMI and higher infant birthweight associated with less accurate maternal perception of child weight. Parents need to be educated on the importance of childhood obesity and how to identify if their children are overweight or obese. If parents fail to recognize that their overweight child is overweight, then it is unlikely that they will recognize that interventions targeting obesity are relevant to their families.     

血清25-羟维生素D水平与儿童骨密度的相关性研究

目的:研究血清25-羟维生素D[25-(OH)D]水平与儿童骨密度(BMD)的相关性。方法:选择2017年1月到2017年12月在亳州市人民医院接受健康体检的儿童100例作为研究对象。根据血清25-(OH)D水平对维生素D(Vit D)营养状况进行分组,其中严重缺乏组9例,缺乏组28例,不足组42例和充足组21例。对比不同年龄段和不同性别儿童血清25-(OH)D、BMD水平以及不同Vit D营养状况儿童对应的BMD水平,并采用Spearman相关性分析法分析血清25-(OH)D水平与儿童BMD、年龄的相关性。结果:5-9岁和10-14岁儿童的血清25-(OH)D及BMD水平均分别低于1-4岁儿童,而10-14岁儿童又低于5-9岁儿童(P0.05)。男童的血清25-(OH)D及BMD水平均分别高于女童,差异有统计学意义(P0.05)。不足组、缺乏组、严重缺乏组儿童的BMD水平均分别低于充足组,且缺乏组和严重缺乏组低于不足组,严重缺乏组又低于缺乏组(P0.05)。根据Spearman相关性分析结果显示,血清25-(OH)D水平与儿童BMD呈正相关,而与年龄呈负相关(P0.05),年龄与儿童BMD呈负相关(P0.05)。结论:血清25-(OH)D水平与儿童BMD呈正相关,但与年龄则呈负相关,及时补充适量的Vit D以满足儿童的机体所需,有利于儿童健康成长。     

Trends of overweight and obesity among white and american indian school children in south dakota, 1998–2010

Objective:

To investigate the prevalence of overweight and obesity among white and American Indian children in a predominantly rural state.

Design and Methods:

Using a repeated, cross‐sectional design of school children's height and weight, the study sample included 361,352 measures of children who were 5.0–19.9 years, attending school across 13 academic calendar years. Trained staff measured height, weight, and recorded gender, age, and race. Data were voluntarily reported to the State Department of Health.

Results:

American Indian children consistently had higher rates of overweight and obesity compared to white children. Across the years, 16.3% of white students were overweight, whereas 19.3% of American Indian students were overweight. In addition, 14.5% of white children were obese and 25.9% of American Indian children were obese. Examining by rural versus urban schools, prevalence of overweight had been increasing among white male and female students and American Indian female students living in rural areas. Obesity is also increasing among rural white females and male and female American Indian children.

Conclusions:

The findings here suggest that although American Indian children are at higher risk, in general, compared to white children, rural populations in general are experiencing increases in childhood overweight and obesity. Targeted rural interventions beginning at an early age are necessary to improve the health of rural children, especially in American Indian communities.     

Zip1, Zip2, and Zip8 mRNA Expressions Were Associated with Growth Hormone Level During the Growth Hormone Provocation Test in Children with Short Stature

Short stature of children is affected by multiple factors. One of them is growth hormone (GH) deficiency. Growth hormone therapy can increase the final height of children with growth hormone deficiency. Zinc is found to induce dimerization and to enhance the bioactivity of human GH. Two gene families have been identified involved in zinc homeostasis. Previous studies in our laboratory have shown that Zip1, Zip2, Zip6, and ZnT1 mRNA were associated with zinc level in established human breast cancer in nude mice model; Zip8 was significantly lower in zinc-deficient Wistar rats in kidney. In this study, five zinc transporters: Zip1, Zip2, Zip6, Zip8, and ZnT1 were chosen. We aimed to investigate the mRNA expression of zinc transporters and to explore the relationship between zinc transporters and growth hormone in short stature children. Growth hormone provocation test is used to confirm the diagnosis of growth hormone deficiency. Six short children for the test were enrolled. At the same time, 15 sex- and age-matched normal children were enrolled as control. The expression levels of zinc transporters in peripheral blood mononuclear cells were determined by quantitative real-time PCR. Zip1 and Zip2 mRNA expression positively correlated with growth hormone level (r?=?0.5133, P?=?0.0371; r?=?0.6719, P?=?0.0032); Zip8 mRNA expression negatively correlated with growth hormone level (r?=??0.5264, P?=?0.0285) during the test in short stature children. The average expression level of Zip2 was significantly higher and Zip6, Zip8 mRNA levels were significantly lower in short stature children than in health controls at 0 min (P?<?0.05, P?<?0.05).     

Fetal growth and cardiovascular risk factors in Jamaican schoolchildren.

OBJECTIVE--To determine relation between schoolchildren''s blood pressure, glycated haemoglobin level, and cholesterol concentration and their anthropometry, socioeconomic status, and birth measurements. DESIGN--Retrospective cohort study. SETTING--27 schools closest to University Hospital of the West Indies, Kingston, Jamaica. SUBJECTS--2337 children aged 6-16 years who were born at university hospital were recruited, and their birth records were recovered: 1610 had suitable records, 659 had records including birth length, and 610 of these were prepubertal. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES--Blood pressure, glycated haemoglobin level, serum cholesterol concentration, anthropometry at birth, current anthropometry, and socioeconomic status. RESULTS--Multiple regression analysis showed that children''s systolic blood pressure was inversely related to their birth weight (P < 0.0001) and directly related to their current weight. Glycated haemoglobin level was higher in children with thicker triceps skinfolds (P < 0.001) and who had been shorter at birth (P = 0.003). Serum cholesterol concentration was inversely related to current height (P = 0.001) and to length at birth (P = 0.09) and was directly related to triceps skinfold thickness and higher socioeconomic status (P < 0.001). CONCLUSIONS--Blood pressure in childhood was inversely related to birth weight and directly to current weight. Glycaemic control and serum cholesterol were related to short length at birth, height deficit in childhood, and childhood obesity.     

小儿推拿疗法联合中药热奄包治疗小儿夜啼的疗效及对睡眠质量和生长发育的影响

摘要 目的：探讨小儿推拿疗法联合中药热奄包治疗小儿夜啼的疗效及对睡眠质量和生长发育的影响。方法：选取2019年4月~到2021年8月期间石家庄市中医院收治的120例夜啼患儿作为研究对象。根据双色球法将患儿分为对照组（常规药物治疗）和观察组（对照组的基础上接受小儿推拿疗法联合中药热奄包治疗）,各为60例。对比两组疗效、中医证候评分、睡眠质量、生长发育相关指标和不良反应发生情况。结果：与对照组相比,观察组的临床总有效率明显升高（P<0.05）。与对照组相比,观察组治疗1周后啼哭、腹喜按摩、睡喜蜷曲、四肢欠温、大便稀溏、小便色清评分更低（P<0.05）。与对照组相比,观察组治疗1周后白天睡眠时间、夜间睡眠时间更长,夜间清醒时间更短,夜醒次数更少（P<0.05）。与对照组相比,观察组治疗6个月后年龄别体质量Z值（WAZ）、年龄别身长Z值（LAZ）、身长别体质量Z值（WLZ）和头围Z值（HCZ）更大（P<0.05）。治疗期间两组均未出现不良反应。结论：小儿推拿疗法联合中药热奄包治疗小儿夜啼,可有效改善患儿临床症状,提高睡眠质量,促进生长发育。     

Prevalence and determinants of obesity in children in public schools of Sintra, Portugal

Objective: To assess the prevalence of and the factors related to overweight and obesity in a sample of children from the region of Sintra, Portugal. Methods and Procedures: Cross‐sectional study, stratified for freguesia with random selection of schools. Height, weight, triceps skinfold, upper arm and waist circumferences were measured, and overweight/obesity defined according to international criteria. Breast‐feeding, number of daily meals and parents' height and weight data were also collected. Results: One thousand two hundred and twenty‐five children aged 6–10 years were assessed. Overall prevalence of overweight and obesity was 35.6% (23% overweight and 12.6% obesity). Overweight or obese children had higher triceps skinfold, upper arm circumference, arm muscle area, and waist circumference than their normal weight counterparts (P < 0.001). On multivariate analysis, relatively to a child without obese progenitors, a child with one obese progenitor had an obesity risk multiplied by 2.78 (95% confidence interval (CI): 1.76–4.38), while a child with two obese progenitors had a risk multiplied by 6.47 (95% CI: 5.59–16.19). Conversely, being picky was significantly related with a smaller risk of obesity: for boys, odds ratio (OR) = 0.15 (95% CI: 0.04–0.63); for girls, OR = 0.19 (95% CI: 0.06–0.64). Finally, no relationships were found between obesity, birth weight, birth height or breast‐feeding. Discussion: Prevalence of overweight and obesity are elevated among children of the Sintra region in Portugal compared to most other regions of Europe. The relationship with the parents' nutritional state stresses the need to target families for preventing obesity.     

Adenosine accumulation causes metabolic disorders in testes and associates with lower testosterone level in obese mice

Overweight and obese men face numerous health problems, including type 2 diabetes, subfertility, and even infertility. However, few studies have focused on the effects of nutritional status and obesity‐related regulatory signals on fertility deficiency. Our previous observations have shown that the elevation of plasma 5'‐adenosine monophosphate (5'‐AMP) and the accumulation of adenosine in liver and muscle of obese diabetic db/db mice are related to insulin resistance. Here, we found that adenosine accumulation in testis is a common marker of both genetic obesity and high‐fat‐diet induced obese mice. An messenger RNA sequencing analysis indicated that 78 upregulated genes and 155 downregulated genes in the testis of 5'‐AMP‐treated mice overlapped with the same genes in the testis of ob/ob mice, and these genes belonged to the clusters of steroid metabolic process and regulation of hormone levels, respectively. Serum testosterone was reduced in ob/ob and 5'‐AMP‐treated mice. Metabolomic analysis based on ¹H nuclear magnetic resonance showed that the testicular metabolic profiles of ob/ob mice were similar to those of 5'‐AMP treated mice. Exogenous 5'‐AMP inhibited the phosphorylation of AKT and mammalian target of rapamycin signal transduction and reduced the proliferating cell nuclear antigen expressions in testes. Our results suggest that the accumulation of adenosine causes metabolic disorders in testes and associates lower testosterone level in obese mice.