植物组织中糖与糖醇乙酰化及毛细管气相色谱分析

介绍了一种用1-甲基咪唑为溶剂和催化剂、盐酸羟胺和乙酸酐为肟化和乙酰化试剂,对植物样品中糖与糖醇进行乙酰化衍生化后的气相色谱分离和质谱鉴定的分析方法.并对糖与糖醇乙酰化影响较大的反应温度、反应时间、反应物组成和反应物浓度等条件进行了比较研究,确定了糖与糖醇乙酰化各步反应的最佳反应温度和反应时间,分析了各组分间相互作用及其用量对衍生化效率的影响.对多种糖与糖醇乙酰化产物进行毛细管气相色谱分离、FID检测及GC-MS结构鉴定.研究证明,在合适条件下应用此方法对糖与糖醇进行乙酰化,反应完全,产物单一,能得到理想的分离、检测和定量分析效果.适用于微量植物组织中多种单糖、双糖及其糖醇的定量分析.     

植物组织中糖与糖醇乙酰化及毛细管气相色谱分析

介绍了一种用1-甲基咪唑为溶剂和催化剂、盐酸羟胺和乙酸酐为肟化和乙酰化试剂,对植物样品中糖与糖醇进行乙酰化衍生化后的气相色谱分离和质谱鉴定的分析方法。并对糖与糖醇乙酰化影响较大的反应温度、反应时间、反应物组成和反应物浓度等条件进行了比较研究,确定了糖与糖醇乙酰化各步反应的最佳反应温度和反应时间,分析了各组分间相互作用及其用量对衍生化效率的影响。对多种糖与糖醇乙酰化产物进行毛细管气相色谱分离、FID检测及GC-MS结构鉴定。研究证明, 在合适条件下应用此方法对糖与糖醇进行乙酰化,反应完全,产物单一,能得到理想的分离、检测和定量分析效果。适用于微量植物组织中多种单糖、双糖及其糖醇的定量分析。     

高效毛细管电泳在蛋白质分析上的应用

高效毛细管电泳（ＨＰＣＥ）是继高效液相色谱技术之后的又一新型分析及分离技术,本文应用高效毛细管电泳技术对基因工程干扰素、疫苗、动物脏器提取物等蛋白质产品进行了分离分析和纯度鉴定,并与凝胶电泳的分析结果进行对比。实验结果表明,ＨＰＣＥ可以用于生物产品分离、生物遗传研究和医学临床等领域的蛋白质定量分析、组分测定和纯度鉴定,是一种很有应用前途的新技术。     

毛细管电泳技术在蛋白质翻译后修饰中的应用

蛋白质中翻译后修饰蛋白的鉴定是蛋白质组学研究的主要内容之一。毛细管电泳技术由于其高分辨能力、低样品上样量、易操作性和较少的分析时间等特点,迅速发展成为一种重要的分离技术。通过毛细管电泳与质谱连用,可以得到许多关于蛋白质鉴定、纯化和结构改变方面的十分有价值的信息。对毛细管电泳技术进行了简单介绍,并且就其在蛋白质磷酸化和蛋白质糖基化研究中的应用进行了综述。     

高效毛细管电泳在蛋白质分析上的应用

高效毛细管电泳（ＨＰＣＥ）是继高效液相色谱技术之后的又一新型分析及分离技术。本文应用高效毛细管电泳技术对基因工程干扰素、疫苗、动物脏器提取物等蛋白质产品进行了分离分析和纯度鉴定,并与凝胶电泳的分析结果进行对比。实验结果表明,ＨＰＣＥ可以用于生物产品分离、生物遗传研究和医学临床等领域的蛋白质定量分析、组分测定和纯度鉴定,是一种很有应用前途的新技术。     

毛细管电泳分析核酸的方法及应用

毛细管电脉是一门迅速发展的分离技术。根据分离机制不同,毛细管电脉分离核酸的方法有：胶束电动力学毛细管色谱（ＭＥＫＣ）、毛细管区带电脉（ＣＺＥ）和毛细管凝胶电脉（ＣＧＥ）。毛细管电脉主要用于核酸纯度的鉴定、定量分析、测序、片段大小多态性分析构象多态性分析和蛋白与核酸相互作用的研究。     

小黄皮叶挥发油的化学成分

利用水蒸气蒸馏法提取小黄皮叶挥发油,运用毛细管气相色谱-质谱联用法对挥发油进行了分析,分离出40个峰,鉴定了其中的37种成分,所鉴定成分占挥发油总量的99.87%,其主要化学成分为单萜及倍半萜类化合物。     

不同季节银木叶精油化学成分的研究

用毛细管气相色谱-质谱-计算机联用技术、毛细管气相色谱双柱保留指数法和双柱标准品叠加法分析了不同季节银木叶精油化学成分。从分离出来的207—250个色谱峰中,初步鉴定出59个成分,被鉴定成分的总量占精油总组成的94.45—98.92%,其主要成分随采油季节不同而有所不同。     

关于油樟叶芳香油化学成分的研究

用毛细管气相色谱——质谱——计算机联用技术、毛细管气相色谱保留指数和毛细管标准品叠加法分析了油樟Cinnamomum lonoepaniculatum叶芳香油的化学成分。从分离出来的49个色谱峰中鉴定出了28个成分,其中主要成分是1,8—桉叶脑(58.55%)、α—萜品醇(15.43%)、香桧烯(14.16%)等。     

蛋白质组研究中分离新技术与新方法

对于蛋白质组的研究离不开分析技术的支撑。由于样品及其基质的复杂性,为了实现蛋白质的高通量、高灵敏度、快速分析鉴定,必须发展与之匹配的新技术与新方法。多维高效液相色谱/毛细管电泳技术,部分弥补了传统2D PAGE的不足,近年来,在蛋白质分离鉴定方面取得了最令人瞩目的成绩。本文分别从多维液相色谱分离技术、多维毛细管电泳蛋白质分离平台、微柱液相-毛细管电泳联用技术、极端pH蛋白质的分离分析和蛋白质的在线富集技术等方面对蛋白质组学研究中在新技术与新方法方面近期取得的成果加以系统阐述。     

The diagnostic of membranes' state after exposure of gamma-radiation of small doses

There are the results of experimental research of the change of membranes' conditions under the action of gamma-radiation using the method of following membranes' electroporation of the accurate impulse of the electrical field for the analysis of defects after the action of gamma-radiation. As of the research material the suspension of erythrocytes was used. It was shown that the velocity of decreasing of the erythrocytes in the case of combined action of gamma-radiation and the impulse of the electrical field is more than the sum of such velocities in the case of the action of the factors separately. The method of the electroporation of the accurate impulse of the electircal field is obvious for the practicaland the analytical research of membranes' defects.     

Effect of thyroxine on the diurnal rhythm of the mitotic activity and parameters of the life cycle of cells of the liver and esophagus]

The duration of the cellular cycle and the diurnal rhythm of the amount of mitosis were studied in young rats in normality and under the influence of thyroxin. The parenchymal and connective-tissue cells of the liver and cells of the liver and the cells of the oesophagus epithelium basal layer were studied. It was found that under the influence of thyroxin there occured a shortening of the periods of the cellular cycle and a 3--6 h shift to the left of the diurnal rhythm curve of the amount of mitoses. In thyroxinized animals the 21--95% increase of the amount of mitoses in the period of maximum values of the mitotic index during a day was observed as compared with control animals. A conclusion is made about the diurnal rhythm of sensitivity of G0-phase cells to the synchronizing factor, suggesting the decisive significance of the state of the cell population in the interaction of the tissue and hormone cells. The data obatained in the work show that the thyroid hormones regulate the cellular reproduction in the organism by stimulating the cells in the division cycle, synchronization of greater amount of cells by the moment of beginning of the mitotic cycle at a definite time of day and by shortening the period of the cell mitotic cycle.     

Cooperative properties of D-glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase]

The structure of the active center of glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase and the arrangement of subunits in the tetrameric molecule is delineated. The mechanism of cooperative effects in the oligomer is considered, and the involvement of various regions of the active center and of different-subunit contact area in the realization of the cooperative phenomena is discussed. A special attention is paid to the effect of NAD+ bound to one of the subunits of the tetramer on the structure of an adjacent subunit and to the problem of the participation of the coenzyme in the creation of anion-binding sites of the enzyme. The conditions of reversible dissociation of the tetrameric apoenzyme molecule into dimers are depicted, and the role of NAD+ in the organization of the quaternary structure of the dehydrogenase is discussed. The problem of catalytic activity of the dimeric form of the enzyme is argued.     

ON THE CAUSE OF THE INFLUENCE OF IONS ON THE RATE OF DIFFUSION OF WATER THROUGH COLLODION MEMBRANES. II

1. It had been shown in previous publications that when pure water is separated from a solution of an electrolyte by a collodion membrane the ion with the same sign of charge as the membrane increases and the ion with the opposite sign of charge as the membrane diminishes the rate of diffusion of water into the solution; but that the relative influence of the oppositely charged ions upon the rate of diffusion of water through the membrane is not the same for different concentrations. Beginning with the lowest concentrations of electrolytes the attractive influence of that ion which has the same sign of charge as the collodion membrane upon the oppositely charged water increases more rapidly with increasing concentration of the electrolyte than the repelling effect of the ion possessing the opposite sign of charge as the membrane. When the concentration exceeds a certain critical value the repelling influence of the latter ion upon the water increases more rapidly with a further increase in the concentration of the electrolyte than the attractive influence of the ion having the same sign of charge as the membrane. 2. It is shown in this paper that the influence of the concentration of electrolytes on the rate of transport of water through collodion membranes in electrical endosmose is similar to that in the case of free osmosis. 3. On the basis of the Helmholtz theory of electrical double layers this seems to indicate that the influence of an electrolyte on the rate of diffusion of water through a collodion membrane in the case of free osmosis is due to the fact that the ion possessing the same sign of charge as the membrane increases the density of charge of the latter while the ion with the opposite sign diminishes the density of charge of the membrane. The relative influence of the oppositely charged ions on the density of charge of the membrane is not the same in all concentrations. The influence of the ion with the same sign of charge increases in the lowest concentrations more rapidly with increasing concentration than the influence of the ion with the opposite sign of charge, while for somewhat higher concentrations the reverse is true.     

The protein arrestin as a regulator of the phototransduction process and as a factor of pathogenesis of the eye diseases

In the first part of the paper, the results of the investigation of the rhodopsin arrestin interaction are presented. The results were mainly obtained with the technique of the selective labelling of the rhodopsin and arrestin SH-groups and the rhodopsin limited proteolysis. These results are discussed in the frame of the latest data on the three-dimensional structure of arrestin. In the second part of the paper, results of the antigenic properties of arrestin (S-antigen) and its role in the pathogenesis of the retina diseases are summarized. The data on the role of the autoimmune processes in the pathogenesis of diabetic retinopathy are presented. We have also described the results of the use of the elaborated technique of the immune diagnostics in the prognosis of the diabetic retinopathy and retinopathy of the premature babies.     

Immunoenzyme analysis of the change in the expression of class II antigens of the major histocompatibility complex under the influence of interferon preparations

The interferons (IFN's) are natural regulators of the immune response. This quality of IFN depends to a large extent on their capacity to change the expression of the antigens of the second (II) class of the Major Histocompatibility Complex. The most effective modulator of the expression of the antigens of the class II MHC is beta-IFN. The aim of this work is to explore with the aid of enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) peculiarities of an action of the preparations alpha- and beta-IFN's of a man on the expression of the antigens of the second class on macrophages of mice with using monoclonal antibodies to the products of subregions I-A and I-E MHC. As a result of exploration we have the following: both preparations IFN's (leukinterferon and beta-IFN) reinforce the expression of the antigens of the second class on the macrophages of mice spleens. With combined influence preparation alpha-IFN and beta-IFN show interweakened effect on the expression of the antigens of the class MHC. Exposed regularities of the expression have the same type for products of subregions I-A and I-E H-2 of mice complex. ELISA is the sensible method of determination of a level of the expression of the antigens of the class II MHC on the cell's populations.     

On the occasion of the 20th anniversary of the accident on the Chernobyl NPP: medical consequences in Armenia

The aim of this work is the analysis of the indices of the health and of the structure of the sicknesses of the inhabitants of Armenia who took part in the liquidation of the consequences of the Chernobyl accident. Also it is the determination of possible dependence of the frequency of diseases for the most widespread classes of sicknesses on the received dose of the irradiation, according to the data of the clinical examination and dispensarysation; and also it is the revelation of the role of other factors influenced on the health indexes.     

Sequential maturation of skeletal muscle groups during postnatal ontogenesis of rats]

Experiments were conducted on rats during the early postnatal period; a study was made of the membrane potential (MP) establishment of the fibers of the skeletal muscles of the neck, the anterior and the posterior limbs. At birth the most mature were the muscles of the neck, and the least -- the muscles of the posterior limb. Establishment of the stationary MP level in the muscles of the neck occurred during the first week after birth, in the muscles of the anterior limbs -- by the 10th-12th day, and of the posterior limbs -- by the 15th-20th day. The order of maturation of various groups of the skeletal muscles was associated with the peculiarities of the neuro-trophic influences at various age periods. Muscles of the neck were characterized at all the developmental stages by a rhythmic low-frequency electromyographic activity. In the muscles of the limbs the rhythmic electromyographic activity was transformed into the discharge high-frequency activity by the period of termination of increase of the MP of the muscles.     

Microscopic studies on the transition between the sigmoid sinus, the superior bulb of the jugular vein and the first portion of the internal jugular vein

The author studied the structure of the tissue components of the tunicae of the terminal segment of the sigmoid sinus, particularly at the level of the transition between the sigmoid sinus, the superior bulb of the jugular vein and the first portion of the human internal jugular vein; it was established that the transition between the sigmoid sinus and the first portion of the internal jugular vein occupies the whole extension of the superior bulb of the jugular vein up to the inferior third of the first portion of this vessel. These vascular walls exhibit a structure similar to that of the dura, i.e. the tunica adventitia is formed by fascicles of collagenic fibers which describe discontinuous spirals, more open proximal to the beginning of the first portion of the internal jugular vein. Approximately in the inferior third of the first portion of the internal jugular vein, there appear fascicles of smooth muscle fibers which are arranged similarly to those of the venous walls. The tunica intima of these vascular segments exhibits an endothelium resting on a network of elastic fibers which may play the role of an internal elastic lamina. From the bony border of the jugular foramen there originates a connective system whose fascicles of collagenic and elastic fibers incorporate to the wall of the internal jugular vein after describing a stretch in spiral around the vascular lumen.