被子植物生散斑壳属若干种内和种间亲缘关系RAPD分析

采用9个重复性好的随机引物对被子植物上的28个散斑壳属(Lophoderm iumChevall.)菌株进行RAPD-PCR扩增,通过RAPD分析结果结合表型性状的比较和分析,确定了子囊果埋生位置,子座、子囊、子囊孢子、侧丝等形态学特征以及寄主种类差异在该类菌物种水平分类上的重要性,另外产地不同等对种内遗传多样性产生一定影响。进一步明确了被子植物生散斑壳属一些种内和种间的亲缘关系。     

散斑壳属两近似种的表型性状和ITS序列分析比较研究

对针叶树散斑壳Lophodermium conigenum与其近似种南方散斑壳L.australe的形态学特征及生态习性等进行了比较研究,同时对这两个种8个菌株的rDNA-ITS区进行了PCR扩增和序列测定,结合GenBank中16个相关ITS序列构建了系统发育树。结果表明,L.conigenum与L.australe有着非常密切的关系。L.conigenum除子囊果形状、子座基部层、线纹和寄生性外,其余特征与L.australe基本相同。L.conigenum的ITS序列的G+C含量(51.0%)小于L.australe的G+C含量(54.0%)。在系统发育树中,此二种形成两个明显独立的分支,支持了依据形态学等表型性状的分类。二者种间及种内的遗传差异与寄主有较大的相关性,而与产地无明显关联。通过表型性状和ITS序列的分析与比较,可准确地将L.conigenum与L.australe鉴别开来。     

针叶树生散斑壳属部分种内及近似种间亲缘关系的ISSR分析

应用ISSR分析技术,对22个散斑壳属（Lophodermium Chevall）菌株进行种内和近似种间亲缘关系的分析。通过欧氏最短距离中的类平均法聚类,得到各菌株之间的遗传距离在5．93～7．41之间,表明种内及近似种间有较丰富的遗传多样性。另外,在遗传距离7．12处,将22个供试菌株分为5类。通过ISSR分析结果结合表型性状的比较和分析,论证了子囊果埋生位置,子座、唇、子囊、子囊孢子等形态学特征以及寄主种类差异等在该类菌物种水平分类上的重要性。     

散斑壳属一新种及两个中国新记录种

报道散斑壳属的3个分类单元,其中微毛柃Eurya hebeclados上的柃木散斑壳Lophodermium euryae sp.nov.是新种,多寄主种贝壳杉散斑壳L.agathidise和小散斑壳L.minus为中国新记录。对各种进行了汉文描述和讨论,新种附有拉丁文特征简介和形态结构图。供研究标本存放在安徽农业大学森林保护教研室(AAUFP)。     

红松上的散斑壳

根据子囊果在寄主组织中的位置、生态学特性和松针上线纹有无等特点,将中国东北红松(Pinns koraiensis Sieb et Zucc.)上的散斑壳(Lophodermium Chev.)鉴定为5个种,其中2个新种:寄生散斑壳(Lophodermium parasiticum B. Z.He et Yang),大散斑壳(L.maximumB.Z.He et Yang);3个为我国新记录种:光亮散斑壳(L.nitens Darker)、偃松散斑壳(L.pini-pumilae Sawada)和乔松散斑壳(L.pini-excelsae Abmad)。引起红松落针病的病原菌主要是大散斑壳,其次是寄生散斑壳。     

散斑壳属Lophodermium spp.ITS区的序列分析

在国内首次对散斑壳属两个代表种的rRNA基因内转录间区(ITS区)进行了克隆测序,并与Genbank中已有的有关序列进行了比较。发现散斑壳属种间的遗传差异明显高于种内的遗传差异,这与形态学分类相符合,表明ITS区序列分析与形态学鉴定相结合的方法用于散斑壳属的分类研究是可行的。     

松树上的七种散斑壳

本文报道松树上散斑壳属(Lophodermium Chev)的7个种,其中3个新种:安徽散斑壳(L.anhuiense Y.R.Lin sp.nov.)、白皮松散斑壳(L.pini—bungeanae Y.R.Lin sp.nov.)及奇异散斑壳(L.mirabile Y.R.Lin sp.nov.);2个我国新记录种:针叶树散斑壳(L.conigenum(Brunaud)Hilitz.)和南方散斑壳(L.australe Dearn.);2个国内已记载的种:松针散斑壳(L.pinastri(schrad.)Chev.)和乔松散斑壳(L.pini-excelsae Ahmad)。文中列出了分种检索表,对新种作了拉丁文和汉文描述,对新记录种的主要特点以及已知种的寄主新记录和地理新分布分别作了记载。     

松树上的七种散斑壳*

本文报道松树上散斑壳属(Lophodermium Chev)的7个种,其中3个新种:安徽散斑壳(L.anhuiense Y.R.Lin sp.nov.)、白皮松散斑壳(L.pini—bungeanae Y.R.Lin sp.nov.)及奇异散斑壳(L.mirabile Y.R.Lin sp.nov.);2个我国新记录种:针叶树散斑壳(L.conigenum(Brunaud)Hilitz.)和南方散斑壳(L.australe Dearn.);2个国内已记载的种:松针散斑壳(L.pinastri(schrad.)Chev.)和乔松散斑壳(L.pini-excelsae Ahmad)。文中列出了分种检索表,对新种作了拉丁文和汉文描述,对新记录种的主要特点以及已知种的寄主新记录和地理新分布分别作了记载。     

中国南部地区松树上的散斑壳菌Ⅰ.

近年作者对我国南部地区松树上的散斑壳属(Lophodermium Chev.)真菌进行了调查和研究。本文报道8个种,其中椭圆散斑壳(L.ellipticum Y.R.Lin)是新种,喜马拉雅散斑壳(L.himalayense P.F.Cannon & Minter)和库曼散斑壳(L.kumaunicum Minter &M.P.Sharma)为我国新记录种,南方散斑壳(L.australe Dearn.)等5种为国内已记载种。对新种作了拉丁文、汉文描述和图解,对新记录种进行了简要记述。另外,记载了已知种的寄主新记录和地理新分布。     

云南松上散斑壳属一新种

根据子囊果的形态及其在基质中的位置和松针上线纹的特征,鉴定出四川二郎山云南松针上散斑壳属的一个新种,即四川散斑壳(Lophodermium sichuanense D.X.Qiu et Liu)。文中对该新种的形态特征作了汉文和拉丁文描述。     

Phylogenetics of Lophodermium from pine

Lophodermium comprises ascomycetous fungi that are both needle-cast pathogens and asymptomatic endophytes on a diversity of plant hosts. It is distinguished from other genera in the family Rhytismataceae by its filiform ascospores and ascocarps that open by a longitudinal slit. Nucleotide sequences of the internal transcribed spacer (ITS) region of nuclear ribosomal DNA were used to infer phylogenetic relationships within Lophodermium. Twenty-nine sequences from approximately 11 species of Lophodermium were analyzed together with eight sequences from isolates thought to represent six other genera of Rhytismataceae: Elytroderma, Lirula, Meloderma, Terriera, Tryblidiopsis and Colpoma. Two putative Meloderma desmazieresii isolates occurred within the Lophodermium clade but separate from one another, one grouped with L. indianum and the other with L. nitens. An isolate of Elytroderma deformans also occurred within the Lophodermium clade but on a solitary branch. The occurrence of these genera within the Lophodermium clade might be due to problems in generic concepts in Rhytismataceae, such as emphasis on spore morphology to delimit genera, to difficulty of isolating Rhytismataceae needle pathogens from material that also is colonized by Lophodermium or to a combination of both factors. We also evaluated the congruence of host distribution and several morphological characters on the ITS phylogeny. Lophodermium species from pine hosts formed a monophyletic sister group to Lophodermium species from more distant hosts from the southern hemisphere, but not to L. piceae from Picea. The ITS topology indicated that Lophodermium does not show strict cospeciation with pines at deeper branches, although several closely related isolates have closely related hosts. Pathogenic species occupy derived positions in the pine clade, suggesting that pathogenicity has evolved from endophytism. A new combination is proposed, Terriera minor (Tehon) P.R. Johnst.     

Lophodermium macci sp. nov., a new species on senesced foliage of five-needle pines

The new species Lophodermium macci is described. It is similar in its morphology, habitat, geographic range and ecology to L. pini-excelsae, L. staleyi and L. nitens and often is misidentified as L. pinastri on Pinus strobus in herbaria. A modified technique was used to extract DNA from minute ascomata on herbarium specimens, and new primers were made to amplify the damaged DNA from these specimens. It provides added evidence to separate L. macci from L. pini-excelsae, its closest morphological taxon.     

Lophodermium pini-mugonis sp. nov. on needles of Pinus mugo from the Alps based on morphological and molecular data

Lophodermium pini-mugonis, collected on needles of Pinus mugo from German Alps, is described as a species new to science. It is characterized by subcuticular ascomata with a wrinkled surface and a somewhat untidy outline, a complex structure of lip cells, and ellipsoidal conidia. An analysis of the internal transcribed spaces of rDNA showed that Lophodermium pini-mugonis is, sister to Lophodermium autumnale and distantly related to other Lophodermium species on pines. The hypothesis of cospeciation of Lophodermium species with members of the Pinaceae is discussed.     

斑痣盘菌科一新种——坛状散斑壳(英文)

报道了一个采自天目杜鹃Rhododendron fortunei落叶上的斑痣盘菌科一新种——坛状散斑壳Lophodermium urniforme。它区别于近似种的主要特征为成熟子囊果呈坛状、具发达且外翻的唇、分生孢子器为不规则下皮下生。研中提供了该种的描述、子实体的外表与内部结构的照片及形态图和讨研。模式标本保藏于安徽农业大学森林菌物标本室(AAUF)。     

Lasiosphaeria and a similar new genus from palms

Lasiosphaeriaceous ascomycetes from palms are discussed in this paper and three new species,L. alexandricola, L. alexandrae andL. chapmanii, are described. Three species are excluded fromLasiosphaeria, L. nematospora, L. rufula andL. tephrocoma, and the transfer ofL. subambigua toCercophora is noted. A new genus,Arecacicola, is introduced to accommodate a distinctive taxon from palms.Arecacicola is characterized by ascomata immersed in a sparse stroma consisting of hosts cells filled with fungal hyphae. The ascomata do not ultimately become erumpent. The ascospores lack apical spines, and the asci do not possess an apical ring. A key to lasiosphaeriaceous taxa from palms is provided.     

不同地理种群美洲斑潜蝇及近缘种的rDNA-ITS1序列分析和比较

【目的】通过对美洲斑潜蝇Liriomyza sativae Blanchard 不同地理种群及近缘种间的核糖体DNA第一内转录间隔区（rDNA-ITS1）进行比较,分析美洲斑潜蝇不同地理种群间的遗传分化情况,并为美洲斑潜蝇与近缘种间提供分子鉴别标记。【方法】用PCR产物直接测序法及克隆测序法对我国美洲斑潜蝇8个地理种群的rDNA-ITS1序列进行测序,并调用GenBank中3个近缘种的rDNA-ITS序列,运用软件MEGA3.1对美洲斑潜蝇不同地理种群及近缘种间的rDNA-ITS1序列进行分析。【结果】美洲斑潜蝇8个地理种群间的分化程度较低,只有8个变异位点,遗传距离都在0.02以下,但4个近缘种间的碱基差异显著,遗传距离为0.149～0.390,有126个变异位点,12个美洲斑潜蝇特异性识别位点。【结论】虽然基于rDNA-ITS1序列所显示的美洲斑潜蝇各地理种群之间的遗传分化很小,但是其分化趋势与地理分布基本相吻合;得到的12个特异性识别位点不仅可以作为美洲斑潜蝇与其近缘种间鉴别的分子标记,而且可为今后设计鉴别性PCR引物提供重要的参考依据。