体外联合使用指纹区及高波数区拉曼光谱诊断胃癌

目的:研究正常胃粘膜和胃癌组织在拉曼光谱指纹区(800-1 800 cm-1)和高波数区(2 800-3 000 cm-1)的光谱特征,并将其联合使用建立胃癌诊断模型。方法:收集38例正常胃粘膜和37例胃癌组织活检标本,采用785 nm激发光拉曼光谱仪进行拉曼光谱采集。比较正常胃粘膜和胃癌组织在指纹区和高波数区的拉曼光谱异同,使用偏最小二乘判别分析(PLS-DA)结合留一法交叉验证建立诊断模型。结果:1)胃癌组织在853 cm~(-1),879cm~(-1),1 003 cm~(-1),1 047 cm~(-1),1 173 cm-1,1 304 cm~(-1),1 319 cm~(-1),1 338 cm~(-1),1 374 cm-1、2 932 cm-1谱峰处与正常胃粘膜的拉曼峰强度差异有统计学意义(P0.05)2)将拉曼光谱指纹区和高波数区联合,利用PLS-DA建立胃癌诊断模型的敏感性为94.59%(35/37),特异性为86.84(33/38),正确率为90.6%(68/75)。结论:正常胃粘膜和胃癌组织在拉曼光谱指纹区和高波数区均有显著差异,将上述两区联合使用建立模型诊断胃癌能取得良好的诊断效果。     

二氧化硅与脂质体相互作用的激光拉曼光谱研究

脂质体在SiO_2作用下1127cm~(-1)与1093cm~(-1)强度比和2883cm~(-1)与2847cm~(-1)强度比均降低,715cm~(-1)谱带强度也降低.并且频率有2—3cm~(-1)的位移,峰形变宽.表明磷脂以其极性头部与SiO_2结合,形成稳定的复合体.磷脂头部的作用和脂质体的变形引起烃链构象变化.TiO_2不引起拉曼光谱的变化,与脂质体的作用甚微.     

不同pH条件下细菌视紫红质的共振拉曼光谱研究

本实验测定了不同pH条件下嗜盐菌紫膜中细菌视紫红质(bR)的共振拉曼光谱.13-顺式视黄醛生色团的特征峰1187cm~(-1)和全反式、13-顺式共有的特征峰1200cm~(-1)带强度之比I_(1187)/I_(1200)在pH1.0-8.9之间约为0.76,而pH高于8.9为0.97.pH3.0-9.0时C=NH~ 振动峰为1640-1642cm~(-1),pH9.4以上为1642-1644cm~(-1),pH9.2附近变化最大,pH3.0以下低于1640cm~(-1).酸性和弱碱性范围时,19-CH_3和20-CH_3的面内变形振动与面外变形振动相互重叠,碱性范围分为双峰.并讨论了对结构及其稳定性的影响.     

毛姜花油细胞原位拉曼光谱研究

为避免复杂的样品的制备及提取过程,最大限度避免精油活性成分变化,常温下,用拉曼光谱原位分析毛姜花油细胞中精油。样品切片后置于共聚焦显微拉曼光谱仪下,用10倍物镜可观察到油细胞。油细胞精油的拉曼光谱与1,8-桉油精拉曼光谱非常相似。以毛姜花油细胞/1,8-桉油精的拉曼峰为序,较强峰出现在2928/2 921、647/652 cm~(-1),次强峰出现在540/545、808/813、915/920、926/930、1 012/1 016、1 075/1 080、1 270/1273、1 427/1 432 cm~(-1)。在油细胞中出现的强峰、次强峰与1,8-桉油精的拉曼峰一致,说明毛姜花油细胞中油的主要成分为1,8-桉油精。毛姜花油细胞的25条拉曼峰都与1,8-桉油精的拉曼峰有很好的对应关系。     

皮肤组织显微共聚焦拉曼光谱成像研究

显微共聚焦拉曼光谱成像技术(Confocal Raman Microspectroscopy Imaging,CRMI)能够对样品微区进行精确无损的拉曼光谱分析和光谱图像扫描,提供生物样品的无损高分辨光学信息。本项研究工作,利用CRMI技术实验获取了正常人体离体皮肤组织的拉曼光谱特征,并结合典型特征峰的扫描图像,探讨了脂类、蛋白质等成分在皮肤真皮层的分布特点。实验发现皮肤组织真皮层内胶原蛋白的拉曼特征峰1 248 cm-1强度及其空间分布尤为突出,这一实验结果与组织学中胶原纤维占真皮结缔组织95%的事实相符。实验结果显示,CRMI技术能够全面诠释生物组织内部生化组成与分布信息,在实验描述皮肤组织病理变化的分子生物学机制方面具有广阔的应用前景。     

铁-硫蛋白共振拉曼光谱研究进展

本文概述了近几年铁-硫蛋白共振拉曼光谱研究的一些进展。先简介铁-硫蛋白中Fe-S中心的代表性结构,铁-硫蛋白共振拉曼增强的原理,以及铁-硫蛋白共振拉曼光谱研究的发展历史。后重点对1-Fe、2-Fe、4-Fe和3-Fe蛋白的代表性测定结果进行描述和分析,并从中得出主要的结论。     

马槟榔甜味蛋白的圆二色谱和激光拉曼光谱

测定了自马槟榔(Capparis masaikai Levl.)种子分离的二种甜味蛋白MaⅠ和MaⅡ的远紫外区域圆二色谱,并按Yang和Chen的方法用最小二乘法计算了它们的构象单元含量,结果表明α螺旋含量最多:对MaⅠf_H=0.43、f_β=0.24、f_R=0.33;对MaⅡ,f_H=0.37、f_β=0.33、f_R=0.30;其相关系数均为0.9876;计算所得理论曲线与实验曲钱其本吻合。二种甜蛋白的激光拉曼光谱测定结果也表明其主要构象单元为α螺旋,此外,均无SH谱带:MaⅠ的Tyr残基暴露于分子表面;与MaⅡ相比,MaⅠ有明显的545cm~(-1)和1101cm~(-1)谱带,这可能从构象上说明MaⅠ与MaⅡ对热和变性剂处理表现不同的原因。     

基于表面增强拉曼光谱的冠心病前瞻性诊断方法研究

前期研究表明血小板衍生生长因子-BB(platelet-derived growth factor-BB,PDGF-BB)与冠心病关系密切,本文基于表面增强拉曼光谱(surface-enhanced Raman spectroscopy,SERS)方法,结合PDGF-BB拉曼频移为1 509 cm~(-1)的拉曼特征峰,对60例冠心病患者,其中包括20例行皮冠状动脉介入治疗术(percutaneous coronary intervention,PCI)病人与40例未行PCI病人的尿液样本以及18例健康人尿液样本进行分析。结果显示:行PCI病人的尿液样本SERS光谱中可以检测到1 509 cm~(-1)的拉曼特征峰;而在健康人与大多数未行PCI病人的尿液SERS光谱中则检测不到。与临床资料对比发现,尿液SERS光谱与冠状动脉造影技术在判断心血管堵塞程度是否达到70%以上吻合度较高。基于表面增强拉曼光谱的冠心病检测方法有望发展为一种无创的冠心病前瞻性诊断工具,对于冠心病疑似病例是否需要行PCI提供可靠的临床诊断依据。     

几种生物大分子的激光拉曼光谱

第一个生物大分子——溶菌酶的激光拉曼光谱发表于1968年。两年后R.C.Lord等用浓溶菌酶水溶液实验,对其大部分拉曼谱带作了指认。1970年Rimai等人发表了胡萝卜素、番茄红素、番茄组织和视网膜中视蛋白的共振拉曼光谱。随后十年,拉曼光谱在生物学领域中应用发展极其迅速,     

磷脂分子链构象及相变的拉曼光谱研究

本文报导了几种纯磷脂的固态、分散体或脂质体的激光拉曼光谱特性.在室温条件下固态DMPC、DPPC和DSPC的拉曼光谱表明,它们的分子链的有序性呈现差别.DMPC分子链的有序性远较其它二者为低.研究了DSPC的热致相变,分别观察固态DSPC的Ⅰ_(1100)/Ⅰ_(1064).～温度关系特性曲线和它的分散体的Ⅰ_(2882)/Ⅰ_(2847)～温度关系特性曲线,并发现上述两种关系特性曲线在相变温度之前均出现预相变峰,这可能反映在磷脂分子的相变过程中除trans(?)gauche构象转变外还存在其它构象的变化.DPPC分散体和脂质体的拉曼光谱特性进行比较的结果表明,曲率效应可能是脂质体分子链的有序性不同于分散体的原因.     

胃粘膜正常和癌变细胞基因组DNA的表面增强拉曼光谱研究

通过测试胃粘膜正常上皮细胞、高、中、低和未分化胃癌细胞基因组DNA的表面增强拉曼光谱,分析各自特征性谱峰。结果表明：正常和高分化细胞基因组DNA在1060cm^-1。被抑制,只在1010cm^-1。被激活,但后者的谱峰更强且出现“红移”,其DNA链结构出现不稳定;中、低、未分化细胞基因组DNA中以上两种振动模式都被激活,说明它们的DNA链出现了断裂,且呈现渐强的趋势。同时也说明了脱氧核糖基在恶性程度越高的细胞基因组DNA中带正电趋势越强。1100—1670cm^-1谱带属于dC,dG,dA,dT的综合振动叠加,恶性程度越高的癌细胞中更多的模式被激活。可见,分化越低的胃癌细胞基因组DNA具有更多的振动模式被激活,与正常的差异更明显,并且DNA链整体带正电的趋势也可能越强,提示可能有更多的氧化反应发生。     

Oligomerization of water soluble proteins of rabbit crystalline lens under the action of diamide

The study has examined the effects of the SH-oxidizing agent diamide (Diazane dicarboxylic acid bis-(N,N-dimethyl-amide)) on the water-soluble portion of proteins from rabbit lenses. The dialyzed protein extracts were incubated for 1-1.5 hrs with various concentrations of diamide. Treatments were monitored for alterations in sulphydryl contents, gel filtration and gel electrophoresis profiles of proteins. The response to 2 mM diamide treatment for 1 hr consists of rapid oxidation (up to 40%) of protein-bound sulphydryl groups accompanied by an appearance of polypeptides with apparent molecular weights. The protein with molecular weight of 29 kilodaltons was shown to be involved in cross-linking. The linkages in the dialyzed water-soluble lens polypeptide fraction induced by diamide may be reduced by GSH (10 mM) treatment of protein extract. The main target of oxidative insult induced by diamide in the water-soluble proteins of the lens is probably the superficially localized sulphydryl groups of crystallins. Our observations suggest that the described oxidative system of proteins may be a useful tool for cataract research.     

The metabolism of glucose by the rabbit lens in the presence and absence of oxygen

1. The effect of the absence of oxygen on the metabolism of [U-(14)C]glucose by the rabbit lens has been examined. 2. Protein-free extracts of incubated lens were subjected to electrophoresis followed by chromatography on paper; radioautographs showed 10 compounds substantially labelled. In the absence of oxygen, less radioactivity appeared in glucose, sorbitol, fructose, alanine, glutamic acid, glutathione and nucleotides, and more in lactic acid, alpha-glycerophosphate and glycerol. 3. The radioactivity of lens protein was about two to four times greater after aerobic than after anaerobic incubation. 4. The radioactivity of carbon dioxide was 2- to 4-fold greater after aerobic incubation than after anaerobic incubation. 5. After aerobic incubation of the lens, the radioactivity of all the labelled compounds was higher in the outer part (cortex) than in the inner part (nucleus). 6. Free glycerol has been found to be present in the lens. Its concentration, and that of alpha-glycerophosphate, has been measured in the lens of several species of animal.     

Superoxide dismutase of the eye: relative functions of superoxide dismutase and catalase in protecting the ocular lens from oxidative damage.

1. Activities of superoxide dismutase (superoxide: superoxide oxidoreductase, EC 1.15.1.1) have been estimated in eye tissues. In rabbit eye, superoxide dismutase is present in corneal epithelium, corneal endothelium, lens, iris, ciliary body and retina. In lens the activity is in capsule epithelium. 2. Copper chelator diethyldithiocarbamate inhibited lens superoxide dismutase in vitro and in vivo in rabbit. 3. H2O2 caused inhibition of superoxide dismutase activity of lens extract, and this inhibition was potentiated by the catalase inhibitor 3-amino-1H-1,2,4-triazole (3-aminotriazole) or NaN3. 3-Aminotriazole or NaN3 had no effect on lens superoxide dismutase. Thus endogenous catalase of lens affords protection to the lens superoxide dismutase from inactivation by H2O2. 4. In rabbit having early cataract (vacuolar stage) induced by feeding-3-aminotriazole, there was a decrease in superoxide dismutase of lens, a fall in ascorbic acid of ocular humors and lens, and a 2--3-Fold increase in H2O2 of aqueous humor and vitreous humor. We conclude that catalase of eye affords protection to the lens from H2O2 and it also protects superoxide dismutase of lens from inactivation by H2O2. Superoxide dismutase, in turn, protects the lens from the superoxide radical, O2.-. It is likely that inhibition of these enzymes may lead to production of the highly reactive oxidant, the hydroxyl radical, under pathological conditions when H2O2 concentration in vivo exceeds physiological limits as in cataract induced by 3-aminotriazole. A scheme of reaction mechanism has been proposed to explain the relative functions of ocular catalase and superoxide dismutase. Such a mechanism may be involved in cataractogenic process in the human.     

Differential analysis of D-beta-Asp-containing proteins found in normal and infrared irradiated rabbit lens

Although proteins are generally composed of l-alpha-amino acids, d-beta-aspartic acid (Asp)-containing proteins have been reported in various elderly tissues. Our previous study detected several d-beta-Asp-containing proteins in a rabbit lens derived from epithelial cell line by Western blot analysis of a 2D-gel using a polyclonal antibody that is highly specific for d-beta-Asp-containing proteins. The identity of each spot was subsequently determined by matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization time-of-flight mass spectrometry and the Ms-Fit online database searching algorithm. In this study, we discovered novel d-beta-Asp-containing proteins from rabbit lens. The results indicate that beta-crystallin A3, beta-crystallin A4, beta-crystallin B1, beta-crystallin B2, beta-crystallin B3, gamma-crystallin C, gamma-crystallin D, and lambda-crystallin in rabbit lens contain d-beta-Asp residues. Furthermore, the occurrence of d-beta-Asp residues increases with infrared ray (IR) irradiation. Additionally, some d-beta-Asp-containing proteins only appear after IR irradiation. One such protein is the alpha-enolase, which shows homology to tau-crystallin.     

Effects of aging in vitro on intracellular proteolysis in cultured rabbit lens epithelial cells in the presence and absence of serum

Summary Alterations in proteolytic capabilities have been associated with abnormalities in the aged eye lens, but in vivo tests of this hypothesis have been difficult to pursue. To simulate aging, we cultured cells from an 8-yr-old rabbit to early (population-doubling level 20 to 30) and late (population-doubling level > 125) passage. Long-lived (t_1/2>10 h) and short-lived (t_1/2<10 h) intracellular proteins were labeled with [³H]leucine, and the ability of the cells to mount a proteolytic response to the stress of serum withdrawal was determined. For early passage cells, the average t_1/2 of long-lived proteins in the presence and absence of serum was 62 and 39 h, respectively. For late-passage cells, the average t_1/2 of long-lived proteins in the presence and absence of serum was 58 and 43 h, respectively. The net increase in intracellular proteolysis in the absence of serum was 59 and 35% for early and late-passage cells, respectively. Thus, in vitro-aged rabbit lens epithelial cells mount only 60% the proteolytic response to serum removal shown in “younger” cells. The enhanced ability of early passage cells to respond to serum removal seems to involve lower homeostatic levels of proteolysis in the presence of serum and greater enhancement of proteolysis in the absence of serum. Less than 2% of the protein is in the pool of short-lived proteins. Rates of proteolysis of short-lived proteins in the presence and absence of serum were indistinguishable. With respect to basal proteolytic rates in the presence of serum and ability to mount a proteolytic response upon serum withdrawal, these rabbit lens epithelial cells are similar to bovine lens epithelial cells and fibroblasts. This work was supported in part by contract 53-3K06-5-10 U.S. Department of Agriculture, Washington, DC, Massachusetts Lions Eye Research FUnd, Inc., the Daniel and Florence Guggenheim Foundation, and a grant EY00362 from the National Eye Institute, Bethesda, MD.     

Transport processes of fluid exchange in the crystalline lens of the rabbit eye

Processes of fluid exchange in the crystalline lens of the rabbit eye were investigated. The direction of movement of fluid in the crystalline lens was investigated from the movement of fluorescein by the method of "stopped diffusion". It has been found that the mechanism of fluid transport in the crystalline lens is active and is carried out by means of the Na-kappa-ATPase transport system. The energy necessary for the active transport of fluid inside the crystalline lens is in the range (1.5-6) x 10(-2) J. Owing to the active fluid transport, the pressure inside the crystalline lens constantly increases by 6 mm Hg. In rabbit's life-time, the movement of fluid in the crystalline lens occurs in the direction from the anterior to the posterior surface followed by the exit to vitreous humor.     

Hydrogen peroxide-induced expression of the proto-oncogenes, c-jun, c-fos and c-myc in rabbit lens epithelial cells

The involvement of H2O2 in cataract development has been established inboth human patients and animal models. At the molecular level H2O2 has beenobserved to cause damage to DNA, protein and lipid. To explore the oxidativestress response of the lens system at the gene expression level, we haveexamined the effects of H2O2 on the mRNA change of the proto-oncogenes,c-jun, c-fos and c-myc in a rabbit lens cell line, N/N1003A. H2O2 treatmentof the rabbit lens epithelial cells for 60 min induces quick up-regulationof both c-jun and c-fos mRNAs. The maximal induction is 38 fold for c-jun at150 µM and 72 fold for c-fos at 250 µM H2O2. Treatment ofN/N1003A cells with 50-250 µM H2O2 for 60 min leads to a 2-5 foldincrease of the c-myc mRNA level. H2O2 also induces an up-regulation intransactivity of the activating protein-1 (AP-1) as shown with a reportergene driven by a prolactin gene promoter with 4 copies of AP-1 binding sitesinserted in the upstream of the promoter. Maximal induction occurs with 150µM H2O2. In the same system, the antioxidants, N-acetyl-cysteine (NAC)and pyrrolidine dithiocarbamate (PDTC) at concentrations shown toup-regulate the mRNAs of both c-jun and c-fos, also enhance thetransactivity of AP-1. NAC and PDTC have different effects in modulating theinduction of AP-1 activity by H2O2 and TPA. These results reveal thatoxidative stress regulates expression of various regulatory genes in lenssystems, which likely affects cell proliferation, differentiation andviability and thus affect normal lens functions.     

Isolation and protein composition of gap junctions from rabbit hearts.

We have modified a method for isolating gap-junctional membrane from mouse hearts [Kensler & Goodenough (1980) J. Cell Biol. 86, 755-764] to isolate gap junctions of comparable purity from rabbit hearts more rapidly, with better yield, and without resort to non-ionic detergents. Purification was monitored by electron microscopy of thin-sectioned membrane pellets and by sodium dodecyl sulphate/polyacrylamide-gel electrophoresis. Gap junctions were obtained as vesicles whose mean surface area approximated that of junctions in intact myocardial cells. About 10-20% of the vesicles were ferritin-impermeable. Approx. 125 micrograms of membrane protein was obtained per 8 g of rabbit heart. Sodium dodecyl sulphate/polyacrylamide-gel electrophoresis of purified gap junctions showed five major protein bands of mol.wts. 46 000, 44 000, 33 000, 30 000 and 28 500 that co-purified with the junctions. This protein composition was nearly identical with that published for gap junctions of mouse hearts, and differed markedly from the protein composition of gap junctions from non-excitable cells (lens and liver). The constancy of junctional protein composition between hearts of two different species and its non-identity with that from liver and lens suggest that, although gap-junctional structure in mammalian tissues seems to be remarkably similar by electron-microscopic techniques, junctional-channel protein composition actually varies from tissue to tissue and may be adapted to the permeability requirements of the tissue.     

荔枝果皮多酚氧化酶酶促褐变的研究

从荔枝果皮分别提取多酚氧化酶及其天然底物,两者相作用,形成褐色产物,酶促褐变是荔枝果皮变褐的原因。 从荔枝果皮提取的酚类物质中分离出多酚氧化酶的天然底物。此底物的紫外吸收光谱分别在215和280 nm有一强的和一弱的吸收峰,它的红外吸收光谱在3190、1600、1500 cm~(-1)有很强的吸收峰。