棘口属吸虫一新种(复殖目:棘口科)

本文记述采自寄生在我国陕西省洋县山区的濒危鸟朱Nipponianipponn（鹳形目Ciconiitormes）体内的棘口吸虫一新种,洋县棘口吸虫Echinostomayangxianensissp.nov.,对新种的形态特征作详细的描述并与近似种进行了比较。     

棘口属吸虫一新种

本记述采自寄生在我国陕西省洋县山区的濒危危鸟朱ＨｕａｎＮｉｐｐｏｎｉａ ｎｉｐｐｏｎ体内的棘口吸虫一新种,洋县棘口吸虫Ｅｃｈｉｎｏｓｔｏｍａ ｙａｎｇｘｉａｎｅｎｓｉｓｓｐ．ｎｏｒ。,对新种的形态特征作详细的描述并与近似种进行了比较。     

棘蝇属仿棘蝇种团二新种（双翅目：蝇科）

本文记述了在采自中国东洋区的蝇科标本中，发现棘蝇属中仿棘蝇种团二新种：残金刺蝇和残股棘蝇。该种团主要特征是：雄性下眶鬃分布在额在下半部；前中鬃缺如，后背中鬃４（少数为３），背侧片具小毛，小盾不带棕色；前足跗节无明显的感觉毛，腹部无闪光斑。模式标本保存在沈阳师范学院昆虫研究所。     

变藓棘毛虫的形态学重描述及细胞发生学研究

通过活体观察和蛋白银染色法对采自青岛沙滩半咸水的变藓棘毛虫Sterkiella histriomuscorum(纤毛门, 腹毛目)进行了形态学及细胞发生学研究。该种群形态学与前人报道的土壤及淡水种群基本一致: 虫体近长椭圆形, 活体大小约(100-160) m (40-75) m; 无皮层颗粒; 2938片口小膜; 额棘毛3根; 额腹棘毛4根; 口后腹棘毛3根; 横前腹棘毛2根; 横棘毛3-5根; 左右缘棘毛列分别由17-23、20-24根棘毛组成; 6列背触毛; 2枚大核。其主要发生学特征如下: (1)老口围带完全保留, 老波动膜解体重建; 后仔虫口原基独立发生; (2)额腹横棘毛为5原基次级发生式, 部分原基来自老棘毛解体, 以2:3:3:4:4方式分化为新棘毛; (3)缘棘毛原基产生于老结构中, 并向两极延伸逐渐形成前后仔虫的新结构; (4)背触毛发生为典型Oxytricha模式; (5)大核在发生过程中完全融合。研究对首次在半咸水生境中发现的变藓棘毛虫种群进行了活体形态学和纤毛图式描述, 补充了显微照片、性状统计数据及发生过程的细节信息。       

辽宁棘蝇属一新种（双翅目：蝇科）

本文记述采自辽宁东部山区的蝇科棘蝇属Ｐｈａｏｎｉａ Ｒ．－Ｄ．一新种。命名新种为眷溪棘蝇Ｐｈａｏｎ ｒｉｐａｒａ ｓｐ．ｎｏｖ．。模式标本保存于沈阳师范学院昆虫研究所。新种同吉林棘蝇Ｐｈａｏｎｉａ ｊｉｌｉｎｅｎｓｉｓ Ｍａ ｅｔ Ｗａｎｇ,１９９２相近似,但后者颊高约等于眼高１／８,小盾下面和端半部明显橙色,上前中侧片鬃存在;翅脉大部为黄色;各股节端部１／３黄色;腹部第３￣５背板正中黑色条很狭,     

华南泥盆纪棘鱼化石新材料及其意义

1948年,刘东生记述了发现于云南弥勒西龙镇大哑口的多瘤亚洲棘鱼(Asiacanthusmultituberculatus),这是我国发现棘鱼化石的首次记述。往后,一直到1964年潘江才又记述了高氏亚洲棘鱼(A.kaoi)、孙氏亚洲棘鱼(A.suni)及武昌中华棘鱼(Sinacanthuswuchangensis)。高氏亚洲棘鱼和孙氏亚洲棘鱼的标本,均采自广西桂平龙山莲花山砂岩中部,武昌中华棘鱼系采自武昌蛇山、凤凰山等地的珞珈石英岩下面的黄绿色砂岩中。本文将记述的鱼化石,计一个属两个种,即翠峰山云南棘鱼 Yunnanacanthus cuifeng-shanensis(gen.et sp.nov.)和畈村中华棘鱼 Sinacanthus fancunensis(sp.nov.)。翠峰山云南棘鱼系张国瑞同志等于1962年采自云南曲靖翠峰山的下泥盆纪地层中,畈村中华棘鱼的化石,是张国瑞、臧润海、李功卓及笔者等于1972年采自皖南宁国畈村的黄绿色砂岩中。     

中国上海棘(虫兆)属一新种(弹尾目:棘(虫兆)科)

描述了采自上海地区的棘属一新种,田村氏棘晃Ｏｎｙｃｈｉｕｒｕｓ ｔａｍｕｒａｉ ｓｐ．ｎｏｖ．。新种与依田氏棘Ｏ．ｙｏｄａｉ Ｙｏｓｉｉ,１９６６非常相似,但可以根据触角基部的假眼数目、腹管上毛的数目以及后爪中小爪与爪长度比值不同,将二者区分开。模式标本存放在中国科学院上海昆虫研究所标本馆。     

中国棘蝇属三新种（双翅目：蝇科）

描述了采自中国四川的蝇科（Ｍｕｓｃｉｄａｅ）棘蝇属（ＰｈａｏｎｉａＲｏｂｉｎｅａｕ－Ｄｅｓｖｏｉｄｙ,１８３０）３新种：钉棘蝇,新种Ｐｈａｏｎｉａｐａｔｔａｌｏｃｅｒｃａｓｐ．ｎｏｖ,回归棘蝇,新种Ｐｈａｏｎｉａｒｅｄａｃｔａｔａｓｐ．ｎｏｖ．双耳棘蝇,新种Ｐｈａｏｎｉａｂｉａｕｒｉｃｕｌａｔａｓｐ．ｎｏｖ。其中１种命名为回归棘蝇Ｐｈａｏｎｉａｒｅｄａｃｔａｔａ,以示香港于１９９７年７月１日回归祖     

中国长白山齿棘圆珧属一新种(弹尾目:圆珧科)(英文)

本文记述了采自长白山的圆科齿棘贺圆属一新种。此物种与八棘齿棘圆Arrhopalitesocta-CanthusYosii1970相近,但前者通过不同的头顶强棘数弹器基背面刚毛数,不同的齿节刚毛类型及上爪被膜缺如等特征与后者分开。新种最显著的特征是第Ⅵ腹节具有特殊的C系列刚毛。     

寒武纪幸运期西乡化石库棘盔状化石研究

本文对产自陕南西乡化石库的棘盔状化石进行了统计和描述,对棘盔属的属种划分进行了重新厘定。单锥形的棘盔状化石同带有多个分枝复合体的棘盔状化石的断枝在尺寸、形态和表面装饰等方面存在较大差异,因此我们把这两类具有明显不同特征的棘盔状化石归入不同的种,将单锥形、表面具有密集直刺等特征的一类归入直刺棘盔Acanthocassis orthacanthus,将分枝数量不定的多分枝复合体归入具刺棘盔Acanthocassis echinate。通过进一步的测量分析,在A.echinate种内,发现其表面装饰也存在差异。本文展示的棘盔状化石新特征丰富了对棘盔状化石的认识,为进一步探讨棘盔状化石的亲缘关系和分类提供了新的材料。     

TWO ONYCHIURID SPECIES NEW TO CHINA (COLLEMBOLA) *

Abstract Two species of the genus Onychiurus (Collembolai Onychiuridae) new to China are re-described from Yunnan Province by giving new characters: Onychiurus hidayensis from Kunming and O. yodai from Xishuangbanna. The former is characteristic in lacking anal spines and having male ventral organ and the latter is remarkable in having dorsomedian setae on head and Abd. IV-VI.     

Octosporea collembolae n. sp. (Microsporida,Microspora): A new microsporidian parasite of springtail Onychiurus quadriocellatus (Onychiuridae: Collembolae)

The life cycle of a new microsporidium, Octosporea collembolae, from the fat body of naturally infected springtails, Onychiurus quadriocellatus, is described at light and electron microscope levels. The prevalence of infection and host-parasite relationships are discussed.     

Onychiurid species from Wanda Mountains in China,with descriptions of two new species (Collembola,Onychiuridae)

A checklist of onychiurid species from the Wanda Mountains in China is presented. Eighteen species belonging to twelve genera have been found, including two new species. Bionychiurus qinglongensis sp. n. can be easily distinguished from other known species of the genus by the absence of pseudocelli on Th. I tergum and fewer number of vesicles in postantennal organ. Onychiurus heilongjiangensis sp. n. is diagnosed by pseudocellar formulae as 32/133/33352 dorsally and 3/011/31120 ventrally, parapseudocellar formula as 0/000/111001+1^m, ratio of anal spine/unguis as 0.6, unguiculus without inner basal lamella, and male ventral organ absent.     

Feeding studies on Onychiurus arcticus (Tullberg) (Collembola: Onychiuridae) on West Spitsbergen

The feeding biology of the arctic collembolan Onychiurus arcticus (Tullberg) is described from West Spitsbergen, based on a combination of gut content analyses for field collected and microcosm-living animals, together with laboratory feeding trials. There was wide variation in the food items consumed by individual animals, reflecting the wide choice available in the environment. Most animals fed predominantly on living and dead bryophytes, detritus and to a lesser extent algal cells. Laboratory trials showed that O. arcticus feeds as a herbivore on a range of bryophyte species. The presence of dense aggregations below bird cliffs and elsewhere may reflect the distribution of particularly favourable microenvironments.     

Predation of Notiophilus (Coleoptera: Carabidae) on Collembola as a predator-prey teaching model

The carabid beetle Notiophilus preys readily on the collembolan Folsomia Candida Willem in very simple experimental conditions. Some features of this predator-prey system are outlined to emphasize its use as a teaching practical. Experiments with another potential collembolan prey, Onychiurus burmeisteri (Lubbock), are described in the context of developing the method for more advanced studies.     

Ultrastructural and molecular identification of a new Rickettsia endosymbiont in the springtail Onychiurus sinensis (Hexapoda, Collembola)

In this paper we provide microscopic and molecular evidence for the presence of an endosymbiontic bacterium in male and female gonads of the soil arthropod Onychiurus sinensis. The sequence of the gene encoding for the 16S rRNA shows that the bacterium is a member of the genus Rickettsia, and some anomalies presumably associated with the presence of these microorganisms have been detected. Although the Rickettsia found in O. sinensis has the smallest genetic divergence with Rickettsia bellii, the phylogenetic analysis fails to find support for a sister-group relationship between these two species, rather suggesting that most Rickettsia species/strains isolated in various arthropods have rapidly evolved and diversified in what appears to be a sudden burst of evolution.     

Effects of previous intensive agricultural management on microorganisms and the biodiversity of soil fauna

In this study effects of previous intensive management on microorganisms and soil fauna were investigated. It was hypothesized that a former but now abandoned intensive management practice still causes negative effects years after conversion into conventional management.Two agricultural fields were investigated. Until 1990 one field (preINT) had been managed with the intensive crop hops (Humulus lupulus), whereas the second one (preCON) had been under crop rotation. In consequence the main difference between the two fields was the high copper load of preINT. In the period during this study both fields were cultivated the same way (1991: winter wheat, 1992: spring barley).Microbial biomass, species numbers and abundances of collembola as well as of earthworms were much lower in preINT in the first year of investigation. In 1992, earthworm biomass was still extremely low, whereas the microbial biomass and total collembola had reached the values of preCON. Between the collembola populations there were still distinct differences in species abundances. In preCON,Folsomia quadrioculata, Onychiurus armatus, and theMesaphorura krausbaueri group each made up about 1/4 of the total population. In preINT nearly 60% of the population consisted of theMesaphorura krausbaueri group, followed byIsotoma notabilis andOnychiurus armatus.Folsomia quadrioculata andIsotomiella minor in preINT exhibited extremely small abundances during the whole investigation period. Thus, in comparative field studies their abundances could serve as indicators for copper contamination.Supplementary microcosm studies had shown that severe reductions of earthworm numbers, especially with simultaneous high mesofauna abundances, will be accompanied by increased mineralization rates. Therefore changes in soil fauna composition caused by copper contamination could have pronounced effects on mineralization rates and nutrient fluxes.