Macrobothridium rhynchobati n. g., n. sp. from the elasmobranch Rhynchobatus granulatus,representing a new family of diphyllidean cestodes,the Macrobothridiidae

Macrobothridium rhynchobati n. g., n. sp. from the guitarfish Rhynchobatus granulatus in Kuwaiti waters in the Arabian Gulf is described and figured. The new genus differs from Echinobothrium in having a short unarmed peduncle and a posterior sucker-like structure in the terminal proglottid. It differs from Ditrachybothridium in having a powerful rostellum with dorsal and ventral groups of hooks and in having unarmed bothridia. A new family, the Macrobothridiidae, assigned to the order Diphyllidea is erected. Larval forms are described and figured.     

A new Amazonian species of Brachychalcinus (Characiformes: Characidae) from the Trombetas River basin,Brazil

A new species of Brachychalcinus is described from the Rio Trombetas basin, Brazil. It differs from congeners by possessing a conspicuous rounded second humeral spot. Additionally, our new species differs from Brachychalcinus nummus, B. orbicularis and B. reisi by having a higher number of branched dorsal-fin rays, and from Brachychalcinus parnaibae by having a lower head depth.     

Primulina elegans (Gesneriaceae), a new species from North Vietnam

Primulina elegans (Gesneriaceae), a new species from Vietnam is described. This species is similar to P. gemella and P. diffusa in having stolons and papillose-hispid leaves, but is easily distinguished from them by having 9–15 cymes and corollas with two brown stripes on the adaxial lip and nine purplish lines on the abaxial lip. Furthermore, Primulina elegans differs from P. gemmella by its broadly infundibuliform corollas with purplish glandular pubescent filaments, and from P. diffusa by having three slightly purplish glandular pubescent staminodes.     

A new lumbriculid genus and species from North America (Clitellata,Lumbriculidae)

Secubelmis limpida n. sp., n. gen., is described from Montana, U.S.A. The monotypic genus resembles the lumbriculid genera Rhynchelmis and Tatriella in having atria in X, spermathecae in VIII, and semi-prosoporous male ducts. It differs from Tatriella in having paired atria and spermathecae, and from Rhynchelmis in having petiolate atria. The single prostate gland is unique within the Lumbriculidae. The new species appears to have a restricted range in the northern Rocky Mountains.     

Onosma lhokaensis (Boraginaceae), a new species from Xizang,China

A new species of Boraginaceae, Onosma lhokaensis, is described and illustrated from Xizang, China. The new species closely resembles O. waddellii and O. waltonii in having azure corollas, coherent anthers and glabrous filaments, but differs in having particularly bristly indumentum, observably narrow corolla, longer calyxes and anthers, and remarkable nutlets with stipitate cicatrix. An updated key to the species of Onosma known from Xizang is also provided.     

Caecidotea williamsi (Crustacea: Isopoda: Asellidae), a new species from a saline crater-lake in the eastern Mexican Plateau

A new species of Caecidotea, an aquatic isopod crustacean is described from Alchichica crater-lake in the state of Puebla, Oriental Basin, central Mexico. This is the first report of an epigean asellid isopod, with cryptic behavior inhabiting inland saline waters in America. Comparisons made with other co-occurring asellid species in the region show that the species Caecidotea pasquinii differs from the new species in lacking eyes, having different features on the male endopod of pleopod 2, a shorter pereiopod 6, and having elongated uropods. The epigean species Caecidotea communis differs from the new species in having pleopod 4 of the A type pattern of Lewis & Bowman (1981) and 5–8 retinacula on pleopod 1 sympod.     

Regiominutus ventralis gen. et sp. nov. (Hemiptera: Aleyrodidae) infesting Aglaia elaeagnoides (Meliaceae) on the Andaman archipelago,India

Puparia and third instar of a new diminutive whitefly, Regiominutus ventralis gen. et sp. nov. found infesting underside leaves of Aglaia elaeagnoides (A. Juss) (Meliaceae) on the Andaman Islands, India, are diagnosed, described and discussed. Regiominutus gen. nov. differs from allied genera, Aleuroclava Singh, Aericerus Dubey, Aleuroparvus Dubey, Aleuropleurocelus Drews and Sampson and Tetralicia Harrison in having a submarginal ventral groove, from the former two in having a deflexed submargin and smaller ventral surface and from the latter two in having a caudal furrow. Affinities and differences of the new genus shared with related genera are discussed. Puparium characters observed in slide mounts versus scanning electron microscope (SEM) images are presented. Line drawings, habitus images and SEM, microphotographs of the type specimens are given for the new taxa. This is the first whitefly species to be recorded from this host plant.     

Neoleptonema yongpilii E.-Y. Lee & I.K. Lee,gen. et sp. nov. (Phaeophyceae), based on morphological characters and RuBisCO spacer sequences

An elachistacean epiphyte, Neoleptonema yongpilii E.-Y. Lee & I.K. Lee, gen. et sp. nov., is reported from Korean coasts. The plants are distinguished by having unbranched assimilatory filaments with intercalary plurilocular sporangia as well as lateral plurilocular sporangia from the cortex. The new genus differs from the genera Leptonematella P. Silva and Halothrix Reinke by having pod-shaped plurilocular sporangia on the medulla, and from Elachista Duby and Proselachista Y.P. Lee & Garbary by having intercalary plurilocular sporangia and a poorly developed medulla. The phylogenetic relationships of Neoleptonema yongpilii were inferred from the spacer sequences between the genes coding for the large and small subunits of the RuBisCO gene. The new genus is a member of a poorly resolved clade consisting of several genera within the Elachistaceae, within which it is more closely related to Halothrix and Elachista nipponica than to Leptonematella.     

Sundapolystoma chalconotae n. g., n. sp. (Monogenea: Polystomatidae) from Rana chalconota (Schlegel) of Peninsular Malaysia

Sundapolystoma chalconotae. n. g., n. sp. (Polystomatidae, Polystomatinae) is proposed for a new polystomatid from the urinary bladder of Rana chalconota (Schlegel) in Peninsular Malaysia. This is the first species of polystomatid to be described from the amphibians of Peninsular Malaysia and the second for the Southeast Asian region. This new genus, as exemplified by S. chalconotae, differs from other polystomatids, and in particular Parapolystoma Ozaki, 1935 (P. bulliense (Johnston, 1912) Ozaki, 1935 and P. johnstoni Pichelin, 1995), in having a tubular uterus and a single diffuse testis. P. crooki Vande Vusse, 1976 is similar to S. chalconotae in having a similar type of uterus and testis, and is re-assigned as Sundapolystoma crooki (Vande Vusse, 1976) n. comb. S. chalconotae differs from S. crooki in having anchors with a longer outer root rather than a longer inner root and 7-8 genital spines compared to 9-13 in S. crooki.     

Two new species of Duplicibothrium Williams & Campbell, 1978 (Tetraphyllidea: Serendipidae) from the Pacific cownose ray Rhinoptera steindachneri

Two new tetraphyllidean species, Duplicibothrium cairae n. sp. and D. paulum n. sp., are described from Pacific cownose rays Rhinoptera steindachneri collected from the Gulf of California. D. cairae n. sp. differs from the only other known species in this genus, D. minutum, in its possession of two posteriorly bifurcating longitudinal septa on each bothridium and having a greater number of loculi per bothridium, wider bothridia and a greater number of segments per worm. D. paulum n. sp. differs from the above two species in being shorter, having two continuous longitudinal septa on each bothridium, rather than posteriorly bifurcating or absent longitudinal septa, having a greater number of loculi per bothridium and having fewer segments per worm. The generic diagnosis of Duplicibothrium is amended to reflect the inclusion of the two new species. Species of Duplicibothriumappear to be restricted to host species of the genus Rhinoptera. Systematic information gained from the study of these two new species supports the monophyly of the tetraphyllidean family Serendipidae and suggests that Duplicibothrium shares a phylogenetic heritage with species in the genera Glyphobothrium and Serendip, taxa that are also parasitic in cownose rays. Evidence for a phylogenetic relationship between serendipid species and species of Dioecotaenia is discussed, as are potential molluscan hosts for cestode species in Duplicibothrium and Dioecotaenia.     

A NEW SPECIES OF THE GENUS IOWANA HOTTES (HOMOPTERA:APHIDIDAE) FROM CHINA*

Abstract This paper deals with a new species of Iowana Hottes, Icrwana zhangi, sp. nov. in China. This new species is closely related to J. frisoni, but differs from the latter in the shape of cauda, length of processus terminalis, length of ultimate rostral segment, and as well as in having smooth siphunculi, having 6‐segmented antennae and primary rhinarium with accessory rhinaria on the ultimate antennal segment. All the type specimens of this new species, collected from Heilongjiang Province, are deposited in the Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing. Iowana Hottes is a new record genus to China.     

PINUS BUCHANANII,A NEW SPECIES BASED ON A PETRIFIED CONE FROM THE OLIGOCENE OF WASHINGTON

A silicified seed cone of Oligocene age from the Olympic Peninsula of Washington represents a new species of Pinus. The cone was about 8 cm long and 3 cm at its widest diameter in the living condition. Its scale apices are thickened and each has a dorsal umbo. Internal cone construction confirms the assignment of the new species to Pinus and suggests affinity with the subsections Australes and Ponderosae of the section Pinus, subgenus Pinus. The cone is peculiar in having a stout bract trace that is slightly concave on its adaxial side and in having resin canals that diverge from the axial secretory system toward the bract but constrict markedly and terminate before entering the bract.     

Nanocnide zhejiangensis sp. nov. (Urticaceae: Urticeae) from Zhejiang Province,East China

Nanocnide zhejiangensis X.F. Jin & Y.F. Lu, a new species of Urticaceae from Zhejiang, east China, is described with illustrations. The new species is morphologically similar to Nanocnide japonica in having staminate inflorescence longer than leaves, but differs by having glabrous stems, petioles, peduncles and abaxial leaf surfaces, glabrous perianth lobes of staminate flowers, dorsally glabrous perianth lobes of pistillate flowers, and acuminate or solitary spinose–setaceous at the apex. Analysis based on ITS, atpF–H, atpB–rbcL and trnL–F sequences also demonstrate that Nanocnide japonica is the closest extant relative to the new species.     

Linocarpon angustatum sp. nov., andNeolinocarpon nypicola sp. nov. from petioles ofNypa fruticans, and a list of fungi from aerial parts of this host

Two new ascomycetes,Linocarpon angustatum sp. nov. andNeolinocarpon nypicola sp. nov., are described from petioles ofNypa fruticans in Malaysia.Linocarpon angustatum differs from species in the genus in having needle-shaped ascospores.Neolinocarpon nypicola differs from species in the genus in having filiform ascospores which gradually taper towards the ends, and ascomata developing within well developed stromata. These new species are compared with existing species and illustrated with interference light micrographs. The fungi known from aerial parts ofNypa fruticans are listed.     

Hymenachne panduranganii sp. nov. from Nilgiri Biosphere Reserve,India

Hymenachne panduranganii, a new species of Poaceae collected from a wetland area of Wayanad Wildlife Sanctuary in Kerala, which constitutes the core area of Nilgiri Biosphere Reserve (NBR), is described and illustrated. The new species differs from the related species H. assamica in having 1.0–1.5 m tall culms, 3.7–4.0 mm long spikelets, floret with a distinct lower palea and having only 2 stamens. To further enunciate the differences, an identification key to the Indian species of Hymenachne is provided.     

Petrocosmea chrysotricha sp. nov. (Petrocosmea,Gesneriaceae), a species previously mistaken for P. begoniifolia on marlstone cliffs in Yunnan,China

Petrocosmea chrysotricha M.Q.Han, H. Jiang & Yan Liu, a new species from Yunnan, China, is described and illustrated. Petrocosmea chrysotricha was found growing with P. melanophthalma on damp marlstone cliffs in evergreen broad‐leaved forest on Mopan Shan. The new species has been grown for decades by Gesneriad enthusiasts under the name P. begoniifolia for decades and it is indeed similar to P. begoniifolia in its oblique campanulate corolla tube, but differs by having filaments covered with golden lanate indumentum in the middle part and by having primrose yellow flowers at the beginning if anthesis, then turning white.     

Description of two new species of the genus Priolepis from the Indo-Pacific with redescription of Priolepis profunda and Priolepis psygmophilia

Priolepis akihitoi is described as new from Australia, New Caledonia and Japan. The species is distinctive in having a transverse papilla pattern, second dorsal rays usually I, 11, predorsal fully scaled and dark bars dorsally on the caudal fin. Priolepis cyanocephala is described as new from eastern Australia and Lord Howe Island. It differs from other species in having a reduced transverse papilla pattern, second dorsal rays I, 10, predorsal largely naked and head with vertical bands, but no bands on the body. Priolepis profunda is redescribed based on material from northwestern Australia and Thailand, and photos of specimens from Indonesia, New Guinea and the Philippines. Priolepis psygmophilia is redescribed based on recently obtained material from the Kermadec Islands and other material from Lord Howe Island, Easter Island and Rapa Island.     

Rhododendron subroseum sp. nov. and R. denudatum var. glabriovarium var. nov. (Ericaceae) from the Guizhou Province,China

One new species, Rhododendron subroseum Xiang Chen & Jiayong Huang, and one new variety, R. denudatum var. glabriovarium Xiang Chen & Xun Chen (Ericaceae), from the Guizhou Province, China are described and illustrated. Rhododendron subroseum is most similar to R. morii from which it differs mainly by having glandular branchlets, a subcordate leaf blade base and a mucronate leaf blade apex, a less floriferous inflorescence, a campanulate to broadly‐campanulate corolla, and a glandular‐hairy style. Rhododendron denudatum var. glabriovarium differs from R. denudatum var. denudatum mainly by having a glabrous ovary. Both of the new taxa are quite rare and therefore their protection is highly desired.     

Poptella fuscata,a new Stethaprionini from the upper Amazon basin,Peru (Characiformes: Characidae)

A new species of Poptella is described from the Río Putumayo, Upper Río Amazon basin, Peru. The new species is distinguished from congeners by having a dense field of dark chromatophores homogeneously spread over the posterior half of the body, posterior humeral blotch extending to three to four horizontal scale rows below the lateral line, and a higher number of branched dorsal-fin rays. The new species can be readily distinguished from P. paraguayensis by having a comparatively shorter predorsal spine.     

Bredia reniformis (Melastomataceae), a new species from Guangxi,China

Bredia reniformis, a new species of Melastomataceae from Guangxi, China, is described and illustrated. Bredia reniformis is similar to B. plagiopetala (C. Chen) R. C. Zhou & Ying Liu and B. gracilis (Hand.-Mazz.) Diels by having axillary inflorescences and flowers with eight isomorphic stamens, but differs from the latter two in having glandular-puberulous indumentum, reniform calyx lobes and shortly falcate yellowish anthers with obconical dorsal appendages.