进口美国松木中截获齿小蠹的鉴定(鞘翅目:小蠹科)

本文对2010—2015年全国口岸从美国进境松木中截获的齿小蠹进行了分析,分别对美云杉齿小蠹Ips borealis、美雕齿小蠹I.calligraphus、混点齿小蠹I.confusus、重齿小蠹I.duplicatus、南部松齿小蠹I.grandicollis、蒙大拿齿小蠹I.montanus、似混齿小蠹I.paraconfusus、白云杉齿小蠹I.perturbatus、美松齿小蠹I.pini、平额重齿小蠹I.plastographus、十二齿小蠹I.sexdentatus、云杉八齿小蠹I.typographus 12种昆虫的进境寄主进行统计,对截获频次进行分析对其成虫的主要形态特征进行了描述,编制了分种检索表,对检疫鉴定工作具有指导意义。     

青海柴达木盆地第四纪介形类属Ilyocypris壳面瘤状装饰的分类意义

Ilyocypris是陆相介形类的一个常见属。对其壳体外层瘤状凸起分类意义的认识历来存有争议。本文在对柴达木盆地第四纪具瘤或经常具瘤的Ilyocypris分子进行研究并初步查明其瘤状装饰分类意义的基础上,将其鉴定描述为三个种：Ilyocypris gibba,I.echinata和I.salebrosa。前者个体发育中壳瘤减少直至消失的变化及其与气候环境变迁的相关性表明,I.gibba的壳瘤发育程度是表型特征,区内原定的I.biplicata和I.bradyi实为I.gibba的无瘤类型。I.echinata的壳瘤也不具备分类意义。I.salebrosa则不同,其鲜明而巨大的后背瘤足以与Ilyocypris属的其它种区别开来,是稳定的种征。     

中国丝盖伞属丝盖伞亚属2个新种及8个新记录种

丝盖伞属Inocybe(Fr.)Fr.是伞菌中一个较大的属,目前国内对丝盖伞属真菌的种类和分布知之甚少。在进行丝盖伞科分类学研究过程中,发现2个新种,分别为长孢土味丝盖伞I.oblonga和拟暗盖丝盖伞I.phaeodiscoides,以及8个新记录种(变种),它们是卷鳞丝盖伞大果变种I.cincinnata var.major、暗毛丝盖伞沼生变种I.lacera var.helobia、暗毛丝盖伞灰鳞变种I.lacera var.rhacodes、突起丝盖伞I.prominens、多疣丝盖伞I.decemgibbosa、拟纤维丝盖伞I.fibrosoides、荫生丝盖伞橙色变型I.umbratica f.aurantiaca和接骨木丝盖伞I.sambucina。根据材料对新种和新记录种进行了详细描述,并提供了每个种的线条图。     

荔枝蒂蛀虫(Conopomorpha sinensis Bradley)的饲养及其实验种群生命表

荔枝蒂蛀虫(Conopomorpha sinensis Bradley)是影响荔枝生产及出口的重要害虫.由于其具有钻蛀为害的习性,其生态学研究薄弱.以荔枝果核、龙眼果核为饲料,在室内成功饲养了连续3个世代的荔枝蒂蛀虫.并编制了荔枝蒂蛀虫实验种群的特定时间生命表和特定年龄生命表.特定时间生命表参数为:第一世代R0(I)＝2.0503,rm＝0.0230;第二世代R0 (I)＝7.5067,rm＝0.0538;第三世代R0 (I)＝0.3104,rm＝0.0321.特定年龄生命表参数为:第一世代R0 (I)＝2.0594,rm＝0.0217;第二世代R0 (I)＝7.5261,rm＝0.0559;第三世代R0 (I)＝0.3114,rm＝0.0333.研究了两类生命表参数之间的关系,并进行了相应的换算论证.通过R0≈I的关系,在本例中,两种生命表之间的参数是可以进行换算的.生殖力表不同于特定时间生命表,它丢失了幼期累计存活率而使R0失真.     

甲状旁腺素和胰岛素样生长因子促成骨样细胞ROS 17/2.8增殖分化中的协同作用

 间歇性小剂量地给予甲状旁腺素 (parathyroid hormone,PTH)可促进成骨 .胰岛素样生长因子 - I(insulin- like growth factor- I,IGF- I)由成骨细胞所产生并贮存于骨基质中 ,可促进成骨细胞的增殖分化 .为进一步了解向钙性激素和骨源性生长因子对骨生长的影响 ,利用成骨样细胞 ROS1 7/ 2 .8进行体外实验 ,观察了 PTH和 IGF- I这两种在骨生长和代谢中有重要作用的激素和因子相互作用的效果 ,并对其相互作用机制作出初步探讨 .结果显示 :联合使用 IGF- I及 PTH(间歇性给药 )时 ,(1 ) SRB(sodium rhodamine B,SRB)染色显示经 PTH(1 0 -9mol/ L,间歇给药 )和 IGF- I(1 0 -9mol/ L)联合处理的细胞 ,其数目明显增加 ,且明显高于单独处理组 ;(2 ) 3H- Td R参入增加 ,也明显高于单独处理组 ;(3)与增殖相关的原癌基因 (c- fos,c- jun,c- ki- ras)的表达增强 ,明显高于单独处理组 ;(4)骨钙素 (osteocalcin)基因 m RNA表达增强 ,明显高于单独处理组 ;(5) IGF- I(1 0 -8mol/L,1 0 -9mol/ L)可使 PTH受体基因 m RNA表达增强 .这些结果提示 PTH和 IGF- I在成骨样细胞ROS 1 7/ 2 .8增殖分化中具有协同作用 ,原癌基因的表达增强可能是其作用的一个环节 .此外 ,IGF- I可能通过增强 PTH受体表达 ,使细胞对 PTH的反应性增强     

高效液相色谱法制备Ⅰ型胶原蛋白及其性质研究

从猪皮中分离纯化I型胶原蛋白,并对其部分性质进行研究。采用粗提法,高效液相色谱半制备法进行分离纯化,用分析型高效液相色谱检测纯度,同时对其理化性质进行鉴定,并对所提取的胶原进行全身急性毒性试验及皮肤致敏试验。高效液相色谱测定结果显示所得样品为一单峰,理化性质测定结果符合I型胶原蛋白特征;通过整体水平的安全性评价,表明该方法提取的I型胶原蛋白具有较大的安全性和可靠性。因此,用高效液相色谱可制得高纯度且具有良好生物安全性的I型胶原蛋白。     

唇形科香茶菜属二萜类化合物分布规律

香茶菜属（Isodon）由于富含二萜类化合物（Diterpenoids）而具有较高的药用价值,本研究根据其所含二萜的骨架和氧化状态,对该类化合物在香茶菜属植物中的分布规律进行研究。UPGMA聚类分析结果显示：含二环和三环二萜为主的植物种类聚在一支上,含四环二萜为主的植物种类聚在另一支上。进一步将二萜分为二环、三环、四环三大类绘制到分子系统树上结果显示：三环二萜主要分布在较原始的类群中,如：线纹香茶菜（I.lophanthoides）和小花线纹香茶菜（I.lophanthoides var. micranthus）;而四环二萜主要分布在较进化的类群中,如：旱生香茶菜（I.xerophilus）和腺花香茶菜（I.adenanthus）。本研究通过对二萜类化合物与香茶菜属系统发育之间存在的联系进行探讨,有助于对香茶菜属植物中的二萜类化合物活性成分进行筛选与研发。     

大鼠肢体缺血/再灌注后肝脏 HO-1表达的变化及其意义

目的:探讨肢体缺血/再灌注(I/R)致肝脏损伤时肝组织诱导型血红素氧合酶(HO-1)表达的变化及其意义.方法:夹闭大鼠双侧股动脉根部4 h、开放2～24 h,制备肢体I/R模型.RT-PCR检测肝组织HO-1 mRNA表达的变化,免疫组化染色法观察HO-1蛋白在肝内的生成与分布.对肢体I/R大鼠应用锌原卟啉抑制其体内HO-1活性后,光镜观察其肝组织的病理变化.结果:肢体I/R后肝组织HO-1 mRNA的表达水平显著高于各对照组,再灌12 h表达至峰值,至再灌24 h仍显著高于各对照组(P＜0.01).肢体I/R组肝组织内出现大量弥散分布的HO-1阳性肝细胞,抑制HO-1活性,使肢体I/R组肝组织损伤明显加重.结论:肢体I/R损伤可诱导肝细胞HO-1基因表达上调,所诱生的HO-1对肝细胞具有保护效应.     

禽Ⅰ型副粘病毒f基因克隆及序列分析

用RT-PCR一步法对云南省不同禽类(鸡、鸽子)3株禽I型副粘病毒F基因进行扩增和克隆,并对其f基因片段核苷酸序列进行分析,结果表明,云南省禽I型副粘病毒各毒株同源性为88.1%～94.9%,与疫苗株LaSota和强毒株F48E9的同源性为85.6%.所分离两株新城疫病毒在F蛋白裂解位点区(112～117aa)的氨基酸序列与强毒株在这一区域的序列完全相同,表明为强毒株.鸽I型副粘病毒F蛋白裂解位点区的氨基酸序列与PPMV ZQ98-1株在这一区域的序列完全相同,揭示为中强毒株.以1 662bp核苷酸绘制系统发育树,表明云南地方新城疫病毒属于基因Ⅶ型,鸽I型副粘病毒属于基因Ⅵ型.     

Val55点突变对鸡胱抑素I66Q结构稳定性影响的分子动力学研究

Val55是鸡胱抑素(Chicken cystatin,cC)铰链环状区的重要位点.本文采用分子动力学模拟的方法研究了V55位点突变对cC典型的淀粉样突变体I66Q结构稳定性的影响情况,并深入探讨了其分子机制.研究表明V55N和V55D对I66Q突变体都有稳定其结构的作用,但V55N的稳定作用更显著.进一步研究发现V55N和V55D对I66Q的这种稳定作用是由于突变后的55位残基与邻近残基形成了较多稳定的氢键,从而增加了自身位点及Loop1、β2 - β3的稳定性,并进一步稳定了I66Q的α-螺旋和疏水核心结构.这可能最终阻碍胱抑素淀粉样突变体I66Q结构域交换的发生.     

Molecular characterization of Inonotus rickii /Ptychogaster cubensis isolates from different geographic provenances

Thirteen isolates of Inonotus rickii/Ptychogaster cubensis, from different geographic provenances, were analyzed by sequencing ITS1, ITS 2 and 5,8S ribosomal RNA region. A phylogenetic tree, also including sequences available in Genbank database, showed that the strains enclosed in this study fall into two well-separated groups, one formed by isolates from Florida (USA) and the other one by isolates from Europe, Argentina and China. Differences were also highlighted on the growth rate of mycelial cultures at different temperatures. In fact, although the tested isolates generally attained the best growth at 30°C, isolates from Europe seem well adapted to higher temperatures and went on growing at 40°C whilst the growth of isolates from Florida significantly decreased at 35°C. Since the teleomorph I. rickii was never detected in Florida, and in this study noticeable differences were detected by analysis of ITS region, the existence of two possible distinct species, not discriminated solely on the basis of morphological characters, could be suggested.     

Stable transformation of Solanum rickii chloroplast DNA

The biolistic method was used for genetic transformation of Solanum rickii chloroplasts with aadA gene encoding resistance to streptomycine and spectinomycine. Selective pressure was applied immediately after microbombardment to avoid appearance of mutant lines. The transplastomic Solanum rickii plants remained green during two years cultivation on the media supplemented with two antibiotics. There were no morphological differences between the transformed and the wild type plants.     

Regeneration of cybrid Lycopersicon peruvianum x (Solanum rickii) plants with genetically transformed chloroplasts

The hybrid plants with transformed plastids were regenerated after PEG fusion of chlorophyll-deficient Lycopersicon peruvianum leaf mesophyll protoplasts and leaf mesophyll protoplasts of Solanum rickii, which were previously genetically transformed and as the result were resistant to streptomycine and spectinomycine. The hybrid callus selection was based on the inability of the Lycopersicon peruvianum minicalli to have the green coloration and on the inability of gamma-preirradiated Solanum rickii protoplasts to divide. The hybrids were identified on the base of PCR analyses of nuclear and plastid DNA.     

Highly oxygenated and unsaturated metabolites providing a diversity of hispidin class antioxidants in the medicinal mushrooms Inonotus and Phellinus

Three new highly oxygenated and unsaturated metabolites named interfungins A (1), B (2), and C (3), which provide a diversity of hispidin class compounds in the fungi Inonotus and Phellinus, were isolated from the methanolic extract of the fruiting body of the fungus Inonotus xeranticus (Hymenochaetaceae). Their structures were established by spectroscopic methods. The existence of these functionalized metabolites implies that inoscavin A, davallialactone, and phelligridin F, which were previously isolated from the fungi Inonotus and Phellinus spp., are derived from 1. Compound 1 is derived from the condensation of hispidin and hispolon. Inoscavins B and C previously isolated from the fungus I. xeranticus are most probably derived from 2 which stemmed from the oxidative coupling of 3,4-dihydroxybenzalacetone and hispidin. This class of compounds exhibited significant free radical scavenging activity against the superoxide radical cation, ABTS radical anion, and DPPH radical.     

Effect of six species of white-rot basidiomycetes on the chemical composition and rumen degradability of wheat straw

This study was conducted to investigate changes in in vitro dry matter digestibility (IVDMD), volatile fatty acids (VFA) production and cell-wall constituent degradation in wheat straw treated with six white-rot fungi: Daedalea quercina, Hericium clathroides, Phelinus laevigatus, Inonotus andersonii, Inonotus obliquus, and Inonotus dryophilus. The incubation of wheat straw for 30 days at 28 C improved IVDMD from 41.4 (control) to 59.2% for D. quercina, 56.3% for H. clathroides, 50.2% for P. laevigatus, 51.4% for I. andersonii, 52% for I. obliquus, and 55.9% for I. dryophilus. In contrast, the growth of fungi was accompanied by the dry matter loss of wheat straw: 43% for D. quercina, 12% for H. clathroides, and 22-25% for the other fungi. It is evident that the increase in digestibility by D. quercina was not offset by a loss of dry matter. The total VFA production during the rumen fermentation of fungus-treated straw was slightly increased by H. clathroides and I. dryophilus only. Neutral detergent fiber (NDF) and acid detergent fiber (ADF) were reduced in fungus-treated straw. Out of the three fractions (hemicellulose, cellulose, and lignin), hemicellulose and lignin showed the largest proportionate loss after inoculation with the fungi D. quercina, H. clathroides, P. laevigatus, and I. obliquus. The other two fungi showed the largest proportionate loss in cellulose and hemicellulose contents. The results of this study suggest that the digestion enhancement of wheat straw colonized by white-rot fungi is regulated by complex factors including the degradation of structural carbohydrates and lignin.     

Inonotus tenuicontextus sp. nov. (Hymenochaetaceae) from Guizhou, southwest China with a preliminary discussion on the phylogeny of its kin

Inonotus tenuicontextus collected from Guizhou, southwest China was described and illustrated as a new species based on a combination of phylogenetic and morphological evidence. It is characterized by perennial and effused-reflexed to pileate basidiocarps; duplex and very thin context; a monomitic hyphal system in context; a dimitic hyphal system in trama; and broadly ellipsoid, hyaline and thick-walled basidiospores. Phylogenetically I. tenuicontextus clustered within Inonotus s. s. clade; moreover, it formed a well supported monophyletic subclade with Inonotus baumii, I. linteus, I. lonicericola, I. vaninii and I. weirianus. In morphology I. tenuicontextus distinguishes from I. linteus, also a species with duplex context, by its smaller basidiospores, while its duplex context makes it different from the other four species with homogeneous context. We proposed this subclade as a medicinal group for most of its members with medicinal functions. The phylogeny of the six species in this medicinal group was briefly discussed based on our results. An identification key to them is also provided.     

A new species of Inonotus (Hymenochaetaceae) from Scandinavia

The new species Inonotus ulmicola belongs to the Inonotus obliquus complex. It is separated by the presence of solitary tramal setae, and by growing on Ulmus , and is reported from Denmark and Sweden. A survey is presented of the species of Inonotus growing in trunk cavities and beneath the bark, and a classification of the setae is proposed.     

桦褐孔菌资源分布及药理活性研究进展

对桦褐孔菌在我国的资源调查情况进行了汇总,在已报道桦褐孔菌综述的基础上,重点针对近5年来野生桦褐孔菌与桦褐孔菌发酵产物药理活性的研究成果进行了综述,并对桦褐孔菌的资源及其开发利用前景进行了展望。     

中国锈革孔菌科三新记录种

本文报道了我国锈革孔菌科三个新记录种──浅色小集毛菌Coltriciellasubpicta（Lloyd）Corner,浅黄针孔菌Inonotusflavidus（Berk.）Ryvarden,颇氏针孔菌Inonotuspatouillardii（Rick）Imazeki,根据中国的材料对这三种多孔菌形态进行了详细描述。