南疆棉田盲蝽类害虫种群数量动态

2002 ~2004年研究了南疆地区棉花盲蝽类害虫的发生和种群动态及棉花品种的影响。结果表明,危害棉花的盲蝽类害虫有牧草盲蝽Lygus pratensis(L.)和苜蓿盲蝽Adelphocoris lineolatus(Goeze) ,其中牧草盲蝽为主要为害种类,其数量占盲蝽类害虫的99.93 %。2002,2003和2004年,牧草盲蝽最高密度分别为56.0,105.3和53.7头/百株,而苜蓿盲蝽3年中最高密度<0.1头/百株。对转基因抗虫棉GK19(表达Cry1A杀虫蛋白)、SGK321(表达Cry1A/CpTI杀虫蛋白)和普通棉花泗棉3号、石远321的研究表明2种盲蝽在不同品种上的季节性数量动态没有显著性差别。     

Effects of spraying host plants with different concentrations of rubidium on the behavior of Apolygus lucorum and Adelphocoris suturalis

微量元素铷(Rb)标记技术花费低、易操作、对环境安全,是昆虫生态学研究中一种常用的标记技术.本文测定了不同浓度的RbCI溶液对2种主要有害棉盲蝽的标记效果以及对其生命参数的影响.结果表明2000和4000ppm的RbCI溶液喷洒绿盲蝽Apolygus lucorum(Meyer-Dür)、中黑盲蝽Adelphocoris suturalis Jakovlev及其寄主植物,可以有效地标记2种盲蝽及其寄主植物,且对2种盲蝽的生命活动无显著影响,是最理想的标记浓度.Rb在盲蝽体内可滞留6～7d,在寄主植物体内可滞留至少10d.这为利用铷标记技术进行2种有害盲蝽的生态学研究奠定了基础.     

铷对两种盲蝽及其寄主植物的标记与影响

微量元素铷(Rb)标记技术花费低、易操作、对环境安全,是昆虫生态学研究中一种常用的标记技术。本文测定了不同浓度的RbCl溶液对2种主要有害棉盲蝽的标记效果以及对其生命参数的影响。结果表明2 000和4 000 ppm的RbCl溶液喷洒绿盲蝽Apolygus lucorum(Meyer-Dür)、中黑盲蝽Adelphocoris suturalis Jakovlev及其寄主植物,可以有效地标记2种盲蝽及其寄主植物,且对2种盲蝽的生命活动无显著影响,是最理想的标记浓度。Rb在盲蝽体内可滞留6～7 d,在寄主植物体内可滞留至少10 d。这为利用铷标记技术进行2种有害盲蝽的生态学研究奠定了基础。     

短时高温暴露对绿盲蝽和中黑盲蝽存活及生殖的影响

绿盲蝽和中黑盲蝽是危害棉花害虫的两个优势种,为探明短时高温暴露对绿盲蝽和中黑盲蝽存活和生殖的影响,将在27℃饲养的绿盲蝽和中黑盲蝽的卵和初孵若虫每天暴露在不同高温(30、33、36、40℃)4 h,以27℃恒温饲养的为对照,比较两种盲蝽卵的孵化率、若虫存活率、成虫产卵量的变化以及两者的差异。研究结果显示:在27—40℃范围内,随着温度的升高,绿盲蝽卵的孵化率先从27℃处理的84.25%上升至30℃处理的94.69%,而后开始下降,36℃处理的孵化率下降为76.84%,到40℃处理时降至44.30%;中黑盲蝽卵的孵化率则由27℃处理的79.27%上升至30℃处理的87.90%,后逐渐下降至40℃处理的60.24%。在极端高温40℃的处理中,中黑盲蝽卵的孵化率显著高于绿盲蝽卵的孵化率,表明中黑盲蝽卵较绿盲蝽卵更耐极端高温。在30—40℃范围内,随着温度的升高,两种盲蝽若虫存活率降低,40℃处理后,绿盲蝽若虫存活率为零,中黑盲蝽若虫存活率为16.74%。同时,高温对绿盲蝽和中黑盲蝽的产卵量也存在显著影响。27℃处理下,绿盲蝽平均每头雌虫产卵量为64.78粒;30℃处理后,产卵量上升为70.03粒,后随处理温度升高产卵量开始下降,40℃时不能产卵;中黑盲蝽产卵量在27—36℃之间没有显着差异,平均每头雌虫产卵量为63—75粒,显著高于40℃处理的20.75粒。此外,短时高温暴露延长了绿盲蝽和中黑盲蝽的若虫历期,降低了绿盲蝽和中黑盲蝽雌雄成虫寿命。结果表明,短时高温对绿盲蝽和中黑盲蝽卵的孵化率、若虫存活率、生殖及成虫寿命等均有不利影响,温度越高,影响越大。绿盲蝽和中黑盲蝽在极端高温40℃处理下,中黑盲蝽耐热性明显高于绿盲蝽。两种盲蝽在极端高温条件下的耐热性不同,可能是导致它们在棉田内种群季节动态差异的一个重要因素。     

中黑盲蝽性外激素释放及产卵习性观察

<正> 1983年以来,中黑盲蝽Adelphocoris suturalis Jakovlev为害日益严重,已成为南通棉区棉花蕾铃期的主要害虫之一。本试验就中黑盲蝽的性外激素释放及产卵习性进行了一系列观察,旨在为预测中黑盲蝽的种群变化趋势及有效地防治中黑盲蝽提供依据。现将研究结果报道如下。 一、材料与方法 (一)供试虫源 将田间四代中黑盲蝽老     

绿盲蝽和中黑盲蝽对不同抗性和虫害处理棉花的选择趋性

研究绿盲蝽Apolygus lucorum和中黑盲蝽Adelphocoris suturalis对不同抗性和虫害处理棉花的选择趋性,为棉盲蝽的综合治理提供理论依据。本研究以抗性棉花品种BR-S-10（抗性品种）和感性棉花品种科林08-15（感性品种）,以及绿盲蝽和中黑盲蝽分别危害处理后的该两种棉花植株为试验材料,以纯净空气为空白对照,共成对设置15个气味源组合,采用“Y”型昆虫嗅觉仪室内研究了绿盲蝽和中黑盲蝽对不同抗性和虫害处理棉花的选择趋性。结果表明,绿盲蝽显著选择感性品种、中黑盲蝽危害感性品种和绿盲蝽危害感性品种。中黑盲蝽显著选择绿盲蝽危害感性品种、中黑盲蝽危害感性品种和感性品种。总的来说,两种棉盲蝽趋向于选择敏感棉花品种,抗性棉花品种对供试昆虫有显著趋避性;绿盲蝽显著趋向选择中黑盲蝽危害感性品种和绿盲蝽危害感性品种,中黑盲蝽显著趋向选择绿盲蝽危害感性品种和中黑盲蝽危害感性品种。     

不同寄主对牧草盲蝽生长发育的影响

在人工气候条件下对牧草盲蝽若虫在9种不同寄主植物上的发育历期、存活率等进行研究,以探讨牧草盲蝽对不同寄主植物适合度,明确不同寄主对牧草盲蝽生长发育的影响。结果表明,牧草盲蝽若虫在花椰菜和四季豆上发育历期最短,分别为16.56 d和17.60 d,存活率最高,分别为76%和74%。田旋花上牧草盲蝽若虫历期最长为22.12 d,存活率最低仅35%。用花椰菜、四季豆喂养牧草盲蝽成虫体重最大,分别为0.083 g和0.069 g。用9种不同寄主对牧草盲蝽进行室内饲养,仅在花椰菜、四季豆上孵出若虫。由此可见,花椰菜、四季豆是牧草盲蝽生长发育最适寄主植物,田旋花适合度最低。     

Effects of different temperatures on the development and reproduction of Apolygus lucorum

模拟组建了绿盲蝽Apolygus lucorum (Meyer-Dür)在5种温度(18,21,24,27,30℃)下的实验种群生命表.结果表明:在18-30℃,绿盲蝽发育速率随着温度的升高而加快,并符合Logistic模型;绿盲蝽卵、若虫、产卵前期及世代的发育起点温度分别为9.53、12.32、10.40和11.07℃,有效积温分别为142.61、162.60、123.13和425.17日·度;若虫期最高存活率(24℃)比最低存活率(30℃)高27.27％;最高产卵量(24℃)比最低产卵量(30℃)高33.61粒/雌;24℃内禀增长率最高,为0.0949.通过生命表参数综合评价表明:24-27℃是绿盲蝽生长繁殖的最适温区.     

Using the Rb marking technique to track the spring migration of Apolygus lucorum and Adelphocoris suturalis in Henan

利用铷标记方法对河南省绿盲蝽Apolygus lucorum(Meyer-Dür)和中黑盲蝽Adelphocoris suturalis Jakovlev的春季迁移现象进行了研究.结果表明:在河南省2种棉盲蝽均有较强的迁移能力.绿盲蝽2d内可迁移2560m(试验最远回捕距离),中黑盲蝽6d内可迁移5120m(试验最远回捕距离).本文提供了春季绿盲蝽和中黑盲蝽由越冬场所向棉田转移的直接证据.     

河南省绿盲蝽和中黑盲蝽春季迁移能力的铷标记研究

利用铷标记方法对河南省绿盲蝽Apolygus lucorum(Meyer-Dür)和中黑盲蝽Adelphocoris suturalis Jakovlev的春季迁移现象进行了研究。结果表明:在河南省2种棉盲蝽均有较强的迁移能力。绿盲蝽2 d内可迁移2 560m(试验最远回捕距离),中黑盲蝽6 d内可迁移5 120 m(试验最远回捕距离)。本文提供了春季绿盲蝽和中黑盲蝽由越冬场所向棉田转移的直接证据。     

六种藓类植物茎的比较解剖学研究

通过对6种藓类植物,即褶叶青藓(Brachythecium salebrosum(Web.et Mohr.)B.S.G.)、湿地匐灯藓(Plagiomnium acutum(Lindb.)Kop.)、侧枝匐灯藓(Plagiomnium maximoviczii(Lindb.)Kop.)、大凤尾藓(Fissidensnobilis Griff.)、大羽藓(Thuidium cymbifolium(Doz.et Molk.)B.S.G.)和大灰藓(Hypnum plumaeforme Wils.)嫩茎和老茎的石蜡切片和显微观察发现,同一藓类植株的嫩茎和老茎,茎结构稳定,不同种藓类植物茎横切面具有不同特征.植物体茎横切面形状、表层细胞的层数、细胞大小和细胞壁厚薄、皮层细胞大小和形状、中轴的有无以及比例等特征可以作为藓类植物的分科分类依据之一.     

Photoregulation of seed germination of wild-type and of an aurea-mutant of tomato

Seed germination of an aurea mutant of tomato ( Lycopersicon esculentum Mill.) is promoted by continuous irradiation with red, far-red or long-wavelength far-red (758 nm) light as well as by cyclic irradiations (5 min red or 5 min far-red/25 min darkness). Far-red light applied immediately after each red does not change the germination behaviour. Seed germination of the isogenic wild-type, cv. UC-105, is promoted by continuous and cyclic red light while it is inhibited by continuous and cyclic far-red light and by continious 758 nm irradiation. Far-red irradiation reverses almost completely the promoting effect of red light. The promoting effect (in the aurea mutant) and the inhibitory effect (in the wild-type) of continuous far-red light do not show photon fluence rate dependency above 20 nmol m⁻² s⁻¹. It is concluded that phytochrome controls tomato seed germination throgh low energy responses in both the wild type and the au mutant. The promoting effect of continuous and cyclic far-red light in the au mutant can be attributed to a greater sensitivity to P_fr.     

Cause of Senescence of Nine Sorts of Flowers

The levels of endogenous phytohormones and respiratory rate in nine sorts of flowers such as Cymbidium faberi Rolfe, Nopalxochia ackermannii Kunth and others were investigated both at full bloom and senescence and meanwhile the effect of exogenous phytohormones on prolonging the blossoms and promoting ethylene production were tested. There is a high content of endogenous ethylene in all the long-lived flowere, about 3–16 folds higer than the short-lived ones. There is a high level of ABA at full blooming flowers of short-lived flowers, in which there is no or only some cytokinins in it, but the ratio of CTK (6BA+zeatin)/ABA is smaller(l.7). The endogenous ABA reached a much higher level at senescence in all nine sorts of flowers, so it is reasonable to consider that it is ABA which plays an important role of regulation in controlling flower's senescence. There is a much higher level of GA3 and zeatin in the long-lived flowers which is not demonstrated in the shortlived ones. The respiratory rate is one of the factors controtling the longevity of flowers, but it does not play a decided role. Application of 6BA and zeatin prolongs distinctly orchid’s longevity, however exogenous IAA through the promotive action on ethylene production, evidently extends the longevity of the flowers of the Nopalxochia ackermannii Kunth.     

真菌类遗传学分析的知识结构教学

本文以认知结构理论为指导,讨论了真菌类遗传分析与高等动植物遗传分析的内在联系,认为利用这种内在联系进行教学可收到好的效果并说明了作者的具体教学过程。 Abstract:In the paper, the relationship between genetic analysis of Fungi and genetic analysis of high animal and plant was discussed.A good results were obtained when we adopted this method in the teaching.     

龙胆科药用植物化学成分的研究现状

龙胆科植物在我国的分布范围很广,且多数为药用植物,其多数种属的药用植物,至今其化学成分尚未被系统研究。综述了目前龙胆科药用植物的化学成分的研究现状及一般提取方法,对近年来发现的环烯醚萜及裂环烯醚萜类化合物进行了总结,为本科药用植物的更深入研究提供了参考。     

Interconnection of parameters of regulation system of lipid peroxidation and of morphophysiological parameters of mouse liver

A complex analysis of seasonal fluctuations of the mean group parameters of the system of regulation of lipid peroxidation has been performed in liver of Balb/c mice. Association of lipid characteristics and morphophysiological parameters is studied in the Balb/c mouse liver. An inter-connection is revealed between the liver index and the amount of lysoforms of phospholipids, the scale and character of the interconnection differing essentially depending on proportion of phos-phatidylcholine in mouse liver phospholipids.     

The effects of glutamine of the maintenance of embryogenic cultures of Cryptomeria japonica

Summary Embryogenic tissues of sugi (Cryptomeria japonica) were induced on a modified Campbell and Durzan (CD) medium containing 1 μM 2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid (2,4-D) and 600 mg l⁻¹ glutamine, and subcultured in the medium of the same composition for over 1 yr. This resulted in a mixed culture of embryogenic and non-embryogenic cells. When embryogenic cells were isolated and cultured independently, their capacity to form embryogenic aggregates was lost. Thus, the non-embryogenic cells present within a mixed culture system were essential to the formation of embryogenic aggregates. When embryogenic tissues were isolated and cultured independently on a high glutamine-containing (2400 mg l⁻¹) medium, dry weights and endogenous levels of glutamine increased, and the tissue could generate a large number of embryogenic aggregates. Amino acid analysis of embryogenic and non-embryogenic cells from the maintenance culture indicated a higher level of glutamine was present in the latter. The high endogenous level of glutamine in the non-embryogenic portion of mixed cell masses may be the supplier of glutamine for maintaining the embryogenic property of the tissues.     

Specificity of action of piperidylcholine derivatives as substrates of cholinesterases of various origin

The review deals with study of enzymologic properties of a novel highly specific acetylcholinesterase substrate, N-(β-acetoxyethyl) piperidinium iodomethylate (“piperidylcholine”), and its 30 derivatives that were tested as effectors of cholinesterases of mammals and various species of Pacific squids. It was proven for the first time that responsible for specificity of action was structure of cyclic ammonium grouping of the alcohol part of molecule of the ester substrate. Analysis of specificity is performed based on enzymatic hydrolysis parameters—activity of catalytic center of cholinesterases and bimolecular constant of the reaction rate that are determined at optimal and low substrate concentrations. Among the specially synthesized group of thioester compounds there is revealed one more highly specific acetylcholinesterase substrate—N-(β-acetoxyethyl) piperidinium.