河南董寨白冠长尾雉繁殖期栖息地选择

2001年至2003年春季,采用样线调查和媒鸟招引,在河南董寨国家级自然保护区对我国特有珍稀雉类白冠长尾雉（Syrmaticus reevesii）的栖息地选择进行了调查,结合RS和GIS分析了在景观水平上对栖息地的选择性,并借助逐步逻辑斯谛回归分析了影响繁殖期白冠长尾雉栖息地的关键尺度和主要因素。结果表明,在白云保护站,占区雄性白冠长尾雉在不同栖息地类型中的出现频率不同,出现最多的是混交林,其次是杉木林,随后是松林、灌丛、阔叶林;在董寨自然保护区内,在115 m尺度和250 m尺度上,针叶林的面积比例均是影响其栖息地选择的关键因子,而到农田的距离是距离因素中最重要的因素。根据回归分析和AIC_C及ΔAIC_C值,115 m尺度上栖息地变量对白冠长尾雉繁殖期的栖息地选择影响最大。综合分析表明,影响白冠长尾雉繁殖期栖息地选择的主要因子为115 m尺度上针叶林的面积比例和到农田的距离。建议在制定白冠长尾雉栖息地保护策略时,应加强现有适宜栖息地的管理,改善栖息地布局,并从景观尺度上开展针叶林对白冠长尾雉种群影响方面的研究工作。     

白冠长尾雉育雏期的栖息地选择

20 0 1年 4～ 8月 ,在河南省董寨国家级自然保护区对白冠长尾雉 (Syrmaticusreevesii)育雏期的栖息地进行了调查。野外共遇见 2 4个不同的家族群 ,平均大小为 (2 96± 0 35 )只。白冠长尾雉的家族群主要在针阔混交林中活动 ,这些地方的坡向以东南方向居多、坡度较缓而坡位靠下 ,与林缘的距离大于 6 0m而与水源的距离通常小于 30m。逐步判别分析的结果表明 ,与林缘的距离、乔木胸径、灌木盖度、草本植物的种类和高度等是影响白冠长尾雉家族群栖息地选择的关键因子 ;植被结构 ,尤其是草本植物的特征 ,是影响家族群栖息地选择的主要方面。建议在对白冠长尾雉采取保护措施时 ,从提供丰富的食物资源和良好的隐蔽条件入手。注意保护现存栖息地 ,在育雏期保护好草本植物。     

人为干扰对白冠长尾雉的活动区面积和栖息地利用的影响

人类活动会改变地区原始的生态环境，对当地动物种群的空间利用产生影响。因此，了解人为干扰条件下濒危物种对空间的利用情况有助于更好地进行保护。活动区和栖息地利用是对动物空间需求最好的度量，掌握这些信息对有效保护鸟类具有重要意义。本研究于2020和2021年对湖北省广水市平靖关村周边的白冠长尾雉(Syrmaticus reevesii)进行追踪，获得了47组白冠长尾雉的活动区面积和栖息地利用信息。将实际栖息地利用率的置信区间与理论利用率相比得到白冠长尾雉对栖息地的偏好，并采用广义线性混合模型对栖息地利用率和活动区面积的影响因素进行逐步剔除分析。结果发现，该地区白冠长尾雉主要利用针阔混交林、落叶阔叶林和灌木林，但按照干扰强度划分后，低干扰区的白冠长尾雉只倾向于利用针阔混交林。雄性个体对落叶阔叶林的利用率与居民点的距离呈负相关关系，低干扰区雌性个体对落叶阔叶林的利用率与居民点距离呈反比，而对针阔混交林利用率与居民点距离呈正相关，雌性个体在高干扰区对针阔混交林的利用率随居民点和农田距离的增大而增大；活动区面积方面，雌性的面积显著大于雄性，并且在高干扰区活动区面积与居民点距离呈负相关。以上研究结果提供了有关地栖性森林鸟类在人类主导的环境中的活动区及栖息地利用的响应，为地栖性森林鸟类的保护工作提供了一定的科学依据。     

白冠长尾雉雄鸟的冬季活动区与栖息地利用研究

2001年和2002年冬季,利用无线电遥测技术在河南董寨国家级自然保护区内对白冠长尾雉(Syrmaticusreevesii)雄鸟的冬季活动区和栖息地利用进行了研究。对遥测位点超过30个的5只雄性个体的研究表明,白冠长尾雉雄鸟的冬季活动区面积为10.03±1.17hm2(最小凸多边形法,MCP)、8.60±0.35hm2(90%调和平均转换法,90%HMT)和9.50±1.90hm2(95%固定核法,95%FK),明显小于其繁殖期的活动区面积。核心区面积为1.88±0.37hm2。核心区的栖息地组成在个体间变化较大,但主要是针阔混交林、松林、杉木林和灌丛。在研究区尺度上,白冠长尾雉雄鸟对栖息地有明显的选择性,但在活动区内则是随机利用栖息地。乔木胸径、灌木高度、2.0m层盖度及灌丛与森林的距离对雄性白冠长尾雉冬季的栖息地选择有重要影响。根据本项研究结果,我们建议在白冠长尾雉的栖息地管理中首先应加强对现存栖息地的保护,同时应通过适当的造林来扩大栖息地面积,此外还要注意对大面积的现有灌丛进行改造。     

山西芦芽山褐马鸡越冬栖息地选择的多尺度研究

1998～2000年在山西芦芽山自然保护区对褐马鸡的越冬栖息地选择进行了研究。采用4种空间尺度(10m、100m、300m和距离尺度),对影响褐马鸡越冬栖息地选择的主要因子进行了深入分析,并建立了褐马鸡越冬栖息地选择的逻辑斯谛回归模型。在300m尺度上．活动点和非活动点的生境类型有针叶林、针阔混交林、灌木林和草丛等。活动点周围针叶林面积显著高于非活动点(F=-3．116,P=0．002),虽然针阔混交林在两者中的面积比例都较小,但活动点周围针阔混交林的面积明显地低于非活动点(F=-2．255,P=0．024)．在灌木林和草丛的面积上两者无显著差异。这表明褐马鸡在300m尺度上喜欢活动于针叶林较多的地域,由于冬季针阔混交林不如针叶林能提供很好的隐蔽条件,褐马鸡避免选择针阔混交林;在100m尺度上,活动点和非活动点的生境类型有针叶林、针阔混交林和草丛,无灌木林生境,活动点的针叶林面积明显地高于非活动点(F=-2．931,P=0．003)。这表明褐马鸡在100m尺度上虽然倾向于选择针叶林,但对其它类型的生境如针阔混交林和草丛是可以利用的,这可能与其广泛取食活动有关。褐马鸡大尺度上的隐蔽条件满足以后,在小尺度上主要是为了获取更为丰富的食物。在距离尺度上活动点距居民点的距离、距道路的距离显著大于非活动点(F=15．621;6．048,P=0．000;0．018)。通过逐步逻辑斯谛回归分析,发现距灌草丛的距离、距居民点的距离、100m范围内针叶林的面积、树高以及食物的丰盛度是冬季褐马鸡栖息地选择的重要因子。以另外一个研究地收集的数据对所建立的栖息地选择模型的可靠程度进行了检验,结果表明该模型能有效地对褐马鸡的越冬栖息地进行预测。     

基于物种分布的森林生态系统类型自然保护区功能区划评价——以河南连康山国家级自然保护区为例

森林生态系统类型自然保护区是我国最主要的自然保护区类型,该类型自然保护区通常具有复杂多样的保护对象,因此对其进行功能区划需全面考虑各种保护对象的需求。评价森林生态系统类型的自然保护区功能区划有利于提高自然保护区的保护有效性。以属于森林生态系统类型自然保护区的河南连康山国家级自然保护区功能区划为研究对象,于2016年12月至2018年12月在该自然保护区内进行样线和红外相机调查,获取白冠长尾雉及与白冠长尾雉存在种间相互作用物种的分布点数据,结合收集的环境数据,采用MaxEnt模型对白冠长尾雉（Syrmaticus reevesii）和与白冠长尾雉存在种间相互作用物种的分布进行预测,进而分析物种与该自然保护区功能区划的空间关系,及自然保护区内野生动物分布与人为干扰强度的空间关系,评估连康山国家级自然保护区现有功能区划对白冠长尾雉和与白冠长尾雉存在种间相互作用物种的保护有效性。结果表明,保护区内高保护价值区域面积为33.84 km²,核心区、缓冲区和实验区内高保护价值区域面积分别占保护区总面积的18.96%、3.84%和9.19%,自然保护区内高保护价值区域面积比例偏低。保护区现有功能区划并不能充分满足保护白冠长尾雉栖息地的需要,且核心区、缓冲区和实验区面临不同程度的人为干扰的影响,这对保护区内重点保护对象的生存产生潜在威胁。因此,结合保护区内保护价值与人为干扰分布现状,针对白冠长尾雉及相关物种的受胁情况提出两种不同的保护区功能区划优化方案,在不降低连康山国家级自然保护区面积的前提下,提高核心保护区白冠长尾雉及相关物种适宜栖息地面积的比例,同时降低保护区内人为干扰强度。本研究可为该保护区保护白冠长尾雉提供决策依据,并为其他以野生动物为保护目标的保护区功能区划优化提供指导方法。     

白冠长尾雉的生态

白冠长尾雉(Syrmaticus reevesii)是我国的特产珍贵禽鸟之一。我们于1974年4月—1978年4月,在贵州各地对白冠长尾雉的生态,进行了初步的观察,现报道如下。 (一)栖息地 白冠长尾雉是一种林栖鸟类,生活多在海拔400—1,300米的山区。喜在靠近农田附近较为茂密的林中。多栖于由枫     

广西雅长发现白冠长尾雉

白冠长尾雉(Syrmaticus reevesii)是分布狭窄的全球性易危鸟类。2020年5月,在位于广西百色市乐业县的雅长兰科植物国家级自然保护区观察到白冠长尾雉活动,确认为广西鸟类分布新记录种。生境的丧失和河面的加宽导致广西西北部的白冠长尾雉可能形成一个与贵州分布区隔离的孤立种群,建议对其分布区和种群数量进行专门调查,为相关部门制定白冠长尾雉的保护规划提供科学依据。     

陕西牛背梁自然保护区血雉对栖息地的选择

2009年1月～2010年12月,对牛背梁自然保护区血雉栖息地选择与利用情况进行了调查研究.结果表明,血雉Ithaginis cruentus sinensis David栖息分布于秦岭主脊以南海拔2000～2500 m中山地带、乔木高度较矮(5～10 m)、郁闭度较低(0.3～0.5)、林下灌木稀疏(≤0.2)的针阔混交林中.从地形情况来看,则多活动于山坡的上坡位或梁脊处、坡度相对较为平缓(≤25°)地带的半阴半阳坡.距离水源较远(150 m),对人为干扰的敏感性相对较弱.从对各生态因子的偏好性来看,血雉比较偏好坡度相对较陡(25°～40°)、乔木高度低矮(≤5 m)、郁闭度低(≤0.2)的针叶林,以及盖度在0.3～0.6的竹林、隐蔽性较高(≤5 m)、距离水源较近(50～100 m)的环境,而对其他因子的选择性和偏好性则无差异.主成分分析表明,血雉栖息地选择的主要因子有3种:干扰因子(依次为坡向、植被类型、坡位、乔木高度与人为干扰距离)、隐蔽因子(灌木盖度、竹林盖度、隐蔽性、坡度、乔木郁闭度和水源距离)和食物因子(灌木盖度).人为活动干扰是影响血雉对栖息地各生态因子选择的最根本的诱因.     

董寨最具特色的鸟类——白冠长尾雉

爱鸟之人都希望到董寨看鸟，一是因为那里的鸟多，二是因为那里有白冠长尾雉。白冠长尾雉在分类上隶属于鸡形目雉科长尾雉属，是我国特产的一种珍稀雉类。它是我国的一种名鸟，古代的《尔雅》、《本草纲目》对其均有记载。白冠长尾雉的雌雄鸟具有不同的羽色。雄鸟不仅尾羽修长（最长的可以达到2米），而且全身金黄色并杂以黑色条纹的羽毛看上去华丽夺目，它的头顶部呈白色，故而得名白冠长尾雉。     

Simultaneous measurement of the trace elements Al, As, B, Be, Cd, Co, Cu, Fe, Li, Mn, Mo, Ni, Rb, Se, Sr, and Zn in human serum and their reference ranges by ICP-MS

The goal of this article was to establish reference ranges of the concentration of trace elements in human serum and to compare these results with those reported by other authors. We describe the sample preparation and measurement conditions that allow the rapid, precise, and accurate determination of Al, As, B, Be, Cd, Co, Cu, Fe, Li, Mn, Mo, Ni, Rb, Se, Sr, and Zn in human serum samples (n=110) by inductively coupled plasma-mass spectrometry (ICP-MS). Accuracy and precision were determined by analyzing three reconstituted reference serum samples by comparison with other methods and by the standard addition procedure. The advantages of the ICP-MS method include short time of analysis of the elements mentioned, low detection limit, high precision, and high accuracy. Disadventages include a high risk of contamination due to the presence of some of the elements of interest in the environment, the relatively delicate sample handling, and the high cost of the equipment.     

Distribution of N,P, K,Ca, Mg,S, Zn,Fe, Mn and Cu in groundnut

Summary Concentration of N, P, K, Ca, Mg and S in summer groundnut crop was higher than in kharif while Zn, Fe, Mn and Cu contents were higher in summer crop. Kernel's N, P and Zn; Leaflet's Ca and Mn; Stem's K and Fe; Root's S and Cu and Petiole's Mg contents were highest. Shell's N, P, K, Mg, S, Zn and Cu; Kernel's Ca, Fe and Mn contents were the least. N, P, K, S, Zn and Cu concentrations decreased linearly as the crop grew. Ca, Mg, Fe and Mn concentrations did not display any distinct pattern. Ca concentration was positively correlated with pod yield in both the seasons.     

Reference values for the concentrations of As,Cd, Co,Cr, Cu,Fe, I,Hg, Mn,Mo, Ni,Pb, Se,and Zn in selected human tissues and body fluids

This report attempts to formulate reference ranges of elemental concentrations for 15 trace elements in selected human tissues and body fluids. A set of samples consisting of whole blood, blood serum, urine, milk, liver, and hair were chosen and considered for 15 elements of biological significance: As, Cd, Co, Cr, Cu, F, Fe, I, Hg, Mn, Mo, Ni, Pb, Se, and Zn. The results represent wholly or partially data received from 40 countries of the global regions of Africa, Asia, Europe, North, South, and Central America, Australia, and New Zealand. This survey, even if qualitative, has been useful in demonstrating certain trends of trace-element scenarios around the world. It is of course recognized that both diet and environment exert a strong influence on the distribution pattern of several elements, such as As, Cd, Mn, Pb, Se, and Zn. A limited comparison of the available information on soil status of different countries reflected some interesting associations for elements, such as Mn and Zn. Importantly, this study revealed that only a few countries were in a position to identify a reasonable amount of data on samples requested for this project. Regretably, for a number of countries, any dependable data for even such essential elements as Cu, Fe, and Zn were not available. In view of the nutritional importance of many elements, the time is ripe for concerted efforts by intergovernmental agencies to initiate investigations or commission task forces/projects to generate reliable reference data for selected global regions, which sadly lack data of any kind at present.     

Relations of the Al,B, Ba,Br, Ca,Cl, Cu,Fe, K,Li, Mg,Mn, Na,P, S,Si, Sr,and Zn mass fractions to morphometric parameters in pediatric and nonhyperplastic young adult prostate glands

The variation with age of the 18 trace element mass fractions and some histological characteristics of intact prostate glands of 50 subjects aged 0–30 years was investigated by instrumental neutron activation analysis, inductively coupled plasma atomic emission spectrometry, and a quantitative morphometric analysis. Mean values ± standard error of the mean (M ± SΕΜ) for the mass fractions (in milligrams per kilogram wet tissue) of these trace elements in pre-puberty were: Al 28.5 ± 9.0, B 0.40 ± 0.11, Ba 1.48 ± 0.44, Br 10.5 ± 1.5, Ca 241 ± 30, Cl 3,203 ± 278, Cu 3.51 ± 0.89, Fe 33.7 ± 4.1, K 2,364 ± 145, Li 0.020 ± 0.004, Mg 153 ± 23, Mn 0.46 ± 0.06, Na 2,286 ± 130, P 1,391 ± 100, S 1,698 ± 132, Si 62 ± 11, Sr 0.38 ± 0.08, and Zn 27.6 ± 2.3. During puberty and postpuberty, when there is a significant increase in circulating androgens, the mean values were: Al 7.2 ± 1.4, B 0.21 ± 0.05, Ba 0.25 ± 0.06, Br 5.8 ± 1.0, Ca 433 ± 81, Cl 2,314 ± 201, Cu 1.77 ± 0.13, Fe 20.9 ± 1.6, K 2,585 ± 118, Li 0.0088 ± 0.0014, Mg 232 ± 27, Mn 0.34 ± 0.04, Na 1,875 ± 107, P 1,403 ± 98, S 1,673 ± 73, Si 22.2 ± 3.1, Sr 0.22 ± 0.03, and Zn 93.3 ± 8.9. Mean values (M ± SΕΜ) of percent volumes (%) of the stroma, epithelium and lumen in the prostate before puberty were 73.4 ± 2.6, 20.4 ± 1.7, and 4.45 ± 0.94, respectively, versus 46.5 ± 2.5, 38.5 ± 1.9, and 14.9 ± 1.2 during puberty and postpuberty. This work’s results confirm that the Zn mass fraction in prostate tissue is an androgen-dependent parameter. For the first time it has been demonstrated that the glandular lumen is a main pool of Ca, Mg, and Zn accumulation and that the stroma is a main pool of Al, B, Ba, Br, Cl, Cu, Fe, Mn, Na, and Si accumulation in the normal human prostate, for the age range 0–30 years. It was concluded that the Ca, Mg, and Zn binds tightly within the prostatic fluid, because the volume of glandular lumen reflects the volume of prostatic fluid.     

Crystal structure, detonation performance, and thermal stability of a new polynitro cage compound: 2, 4, 6, 8, 10, 12, 13, 14, 15-nonanitro-2, 4, 6, 8, 10, 12, 13, 14, 15-nonaazaheptacyclo [5.5.1.13, 11. 15, 9] pentadecane

A new polynitro cage compound 2, 4, 6, 8, 10, 12, 13, 14, 15-nonanitro-2, 4, 6, 8, 10, 12, 13, 14, 15-nonaazaheptcyclo [5.5.1.1(3,11).1(5,9)] pentadecane (NNNAHP) was designed in the present work. Its molecular structure was optimized at the B3LYP/6-31 G(d,p) level of density functional theory (DFT) and crystal structure was predicted using the Compass and Dreiding force fields and refined by DFT GGA-RPBE method. The obtained crystal structure of NNNAHP belongs to the P-1 space group and the lattice parameters are a = 9.99 ?, b = 10.78 ?, c = 9.99 ?, α = 90.01°, β = 120.01°, γ = 90.00°, and Z = 2, respectively. Based on the optimized crystal structure, the band gap, density of state, thermodynamic properties, infrared spectrum, strain energy, detonation characteristics, and thermal stability were predicted. Calculation results show that NNNAHP has detonation properties close to those of CL-20 and is a high energy density compound with moderate stability.     

The Effect of Age and Gender on Al, B, Ba, Ca, Cu, Fe, K, Li, Mg, Mn, Na, P, S, Sr, V, and Zn Contents in Rib Bone of Healthy Humans

The effect of age and gender on major, minor, and trace element contents in the intact rib bone of 80 relatively healthy 15–55-year-old women and men was investigated. Contents or upper limit of contents of 16 chemical elements in the rib bone were determined by inductively coupled plasma atomic emission spectrometry (ICP-AES). Mean values (M?±?SΕΜ) for the mass fraction of Ba, Ca, Cu, Fe, K, Li, Mg, Na, P, S, Sr, and Zn (milligram per kilogram of dry bone) were as follows: 2.54?±?0.16, 171,400?±?4,050, 1.35?±?0.22, 140?±?11, 1,874?±?71, 0.049?±?0.011, 2,139?±?38, 5,378?±?88, 75,140?±?1,660, 1,881?±?51, 291?±?20, and 92.8?±?1.5, respectively. The upper limits of contents of Al, B, Mn, and V were <7.20, <0.65, <0.36, and <0.03, respectively. Statistically significant tendency for the Ca, Mg, and P content to decrease with age was found in the human rib bone, regardless of gender. The mass fraction of Fe in the male rib bone increases with age. It was shown that higher Ca, Mg, Na, P, and Sr mass fractions as well as lower Fe content were typical of female ribs as compared to those in male ribs.     

Monovalent Cation Permeation through the Connexin40 Gap Junction Channel : Cs,Rb, K,Na, Li,TEA, TMA,TBA, and Effects of Anions Br,Cl, F,Acetate, Aspartate,Glutamate, and NO3

The unitary conductances and permeability sequences of the rat connexin40 (rCx40) gap junction channels to seven monovalent cations and anions were studied in rCx40-transfected neuroblastoma 2A (N2A) cell pairs using the dual whole cell recording technique. Chloride salt cation substitutions (115 mM principal salt) resulted in the following junctional maximal single channel current-voltage relationship slope conductances (γ_j in pS): CsCl (153), RbCl (148), KCl (142), NaCl (115), LiCl (86), TMACl (71), TEACl (63). Reversible block of the rCx40 channel was observed with TBA. Potassium anion salt γ_j are: Kglutamate (160), Kacetate (160), Kaspartate (158), KNO₃ (157), KF (148), KCl (142), and KBr (132). Ion selectivity was verified by measuring reversal potentials for current in rCx40 gap junction channels with asymmetric salt solutions in the two electrodes and using the Goldman-Hodgkin-Katz equation to calculate relative permeabilities. The permeabilities relative to Li⁺ are: Cs⁺ (1.38), Rb⁺ (1.32), K⁺ (1.31), Na⁺ (1.16), TMA⁺ (0.53), TEA⁺ (0.45), TBA⁺ (0.03), Cl⁻ (0.19), glutamate⁻ (0.04), and NO₃− (0.14), assuming that the monovalent anions permeate the channel by forming ion pairs with permeant monovalent cations within the pore thereby causing proportionate decreases in the channel conductance. This hypothesis can account for why the predicted increasing conductances with increasing ion mobilities in an essentially aqueous channel were not observed for anions in the rCx40 channel. The rCx40 effective channel radius is estimated to be 6.6 Å from a theoretical fit of the relationship of relative permeability and cation radius.     

Competitive inhibition and selectivity enhancement by Ca in the uptake of inorganic elements (Be, Na, Mg, K, Ca, Sc, Mn, Co, Zn, Se, Rb, Sr, Y, Zr, Ce, Pm, Gd, Hf) by carrot (Daucus carota cv. U.S. harumakigosun)

We investigated the uptake of inorganic elements (Be, Na, Mg, K, Ca, Sc, Mn, Co, Zn, Se, Rb, Sr, Y, Zr, Ce, Pm, Gd, and Hf) and the effect of Ca on their uptake in carrots (Daucus carota cv. U.S. harumakigosun) by the radioactive multitracer technique. The experimental results suggested that Na, Mg, K, and Rb competed for the functional groups outside the cells in roots with Ca but not for the transporter-binding sites on the plasma membrrane of the root cortex cells. In contrast, Y, Ce, Pm, and Gd competed with Ca for the transporters on the plasma membrane. The selectivity, which was defined as the value obtained by dividing the concentration ratio of an elemental pair, K/Na, Rb/Na, Be/Sr, and Mg/Sr, in the presence of 0.2 and 2 ppm Ca by that of the corresponding elemental pair in the absence of Ca in the solution was estimated. The selectivity of K and Rb in roots was increased in the presence of Ca. The selectivity of Be in roots was not affected, whereas the selectivity of Mg was increased by Ca. These observations suggest that the presence of Ca in the uptake solution enhances the selectivity in the uptake of metabolically important elements against unwanted elements.