基于逆转录病毒载体的外源基因表达系统的评价和应用

逆转录病毒表达系统是基因治疗研究和RNA干扰技术广泛采用的外源基因表达系统。文中以增强型绿色荧光蛋白 (EGFP) 基因的表达水平和稳定性为指标,比较逆转录病毒表达载体pQCXIN和pcDNA3.1(+) 表达质粒介导的外源基因在HEK293细胞和CHO-K1细胞的表达效率。病毒感染HEK293细胞和CHO-K1细胞的相对荧光强度 (Relative fluorescence intensity,RFI) 均约为对应的质粒转染细胞的2倍。多轮反复感染逆转录病毒表达载体能有效提高HEK293细胞表达EGFP的效率。HEK293细胞经4轮病毒感染后的RFI值较1次病毒感染HEK293细胞的RFI值约提高2倍。此外,逆转录病毒表达载体介导的外源基因表达的稳定性优于质粒转染的外源基因表达。采用携带人重组活性蛋白C (Recombinant human activated protein C,rhAPC) 基因的pQCXIN和HEK293细胞进一步验证了逆转录病毒载体介导的外源基因表达效率,构建了rhAPC表达水平为10~15 mg/(106 cells·d) 的HEK293细胞系。研究结果表明,逆转录病毒表达系统是有应用价值的介导外源基因在哺乳动物细胞高效表达的技术途径。     

诱导表达p27对HEK293细胞生长代谢的影响

目的:研究诱导表达p27对HEK293细胞生长和代谢的影响。方法:将pTet-on载体和响应于Dox的p27诱导表达载体共转染HEK293细胞,随机挑选单克隆细胞株。以细胞周期分布和活细胞密度为主要观察指标,考察稳定转染的细胞在Dox诱导下的细胞生长;以Qglc、Qlac和Qgln为主要观察指标,考察转染细胞在Dox诱导下的细胞代谢。结果:p27基因的表达使HEK293细胞的增殖速度显著降低,G1期细胞比例显著升高,葡萄糖消耗和乳酸生产减少。结论:诱导表达p27基因是对HEK293细胞进行G1期阻滞的一种有效策略。     

诱导表达p27对HEK293细胞生长代谢的影响

目的：研究诱导表达p27对HEK293细胞生长和代谢的影响。方法：将pTet—on载体和响应于Dox的p27诱导表达载体共转染HEK293细胞,随机挑选单克隆细胞株。以细胞周期分布和活细胞密度为主要观察指标,考察稳定转染的细胞在Dox诱导下的细胞生长;以Qglc、Qlac和Qgln为主要观察指标,考察转染细胞在Dox诱导下的细胞代谢。结：p27基因的表达使HEK293细胞的增殖速度显著降低,G1期细胞比例显著升高,葡萄糖消耗和乳酸生产减少。结论：诱导表达p27基因是对HEK293细胞进行G1期阻滞的一种有效策略。     

应用LC3B-PLA2研究Atg4B对LC3B的切割作用

目的:构建带Myc标签的LC3B-PLA2基因的真核表达质粒,获得LC3B-PLA2融合蛋白,并应用LC3B-PLA2研究Atg4B对LC3B的切割作用。方法:以本实验室保存的乳腺文库为模板,PCR扩增获得LC3B序列,与PLA2G10拼接后插入pCMV-Myc载体,用构建的重组质粒转染HEK293T细胞,Western印迹检测融合蛋白的表达,用LC3B-PLA2与Atg4B共转染的方法检测Atg4B对LC3B的切割作用。结果:菌液PCR、重组质粒双酶切及测序均表明重组质粒构建成功,Western印迹结果表明融合蛋白在HEK293T细胞中获得表达,LC3B-PLA2真核表达蛋白能够应用于Atg4B对LC3B切割作用的研究。结论:构建了pCMV-Myc-LC3B-PLA2真核表达质粒,LC3B-PLA2融合蛋白在Atg4B对LC3B切割作用的研究中至关重要,为进一步研究Atg4B在自噬过程中的作用奠定了基础。     

肿瘤内皮标志物8同型物Ⅰ基因真核表达载体的构建及其在HEK293F细胞中的表达

目的:构建肿瘤内皮标志物8(TEM8)基因真核表达载体,实现TEM8在HEK293F细胞中的外源表达。方法:用PCR技术扩增TEM8基因,经限制性酶切、连接、转化,插入pcDNA3.1(+)-EGFP真核表达载体,并通过脂质体将TEM8表达质粒转染至HEK293F细胞中,Western印迹检测TEM8的表达。结果:PCR扩增得到TEM8基因,构建了真核表达载体pcDNA3.1(+)-TEM8-EGFP并转染HEK293F细胞,经G418加压筛选及有限稀释法得到生长性状良好、表达效率高的单克隆细胞系TEM8-EGFP/HEK293F;Western印迹证明过表达细胞系TEM8-EGFP/HEK293F显著表达TEM8蛋白。结论:构建了表达TEM8的重组HEK293F工程细胞系TEM8-EGFP/HEK293F,为进一步研究TEM8的生理功能奠定了基础。     

结核分枝杆菌CFP10、ESAT6、Ag85A和Ag85B抗原真核共表达载体的构建与表达

CFP10、ESAT6、Ag85A和Ag85B是结核分枝杆菌的主要免疫优势抗原。为了构建一种可同时表达这4种抗原的真核多基因共表达载体pcDNA-CFP10-ESAT6-Ag85A-Ag85B(pcDNA-CEAB),并利用HEK 293T细胞对其体外表达进行检测。采用酶切、连接的方法,将CFP10和ESAT6编码基因以(Gly4Ser)3蛋白Linker连接,插入至质粒pcDNA3.1(+)多克隆位点CMV启动子与加尾信号BGH pA之间,使两者融合表达,将Ag85A和Ag85B编码基因以内部核糖体进入位点(Internal ribosome entry site,IRES)序列连接,并赋予RSV启动子和加尾信号BGH pA,使两者在RSV启动子作用下独立表达。重组质粒经酶切及测序验证后转染至HEK 293T细胞中进行体外表达实验,48 h后提取总蛋白,利用CFP10、ESAT6、Ag85A和Ag85B特异性抗体进行Western blotting检测。结果显示多基因共表达载体pcDNA-CEAB在真核细胞HEK 293T中得到表达,且CFP10、ESAT6、Ag85A和Ag85B抗原能被相应的特异性抗体所识别,表明质粒pcDNA-CEAB构建正确,这为进一步研究其免疫原性和免疫保护效果奠定了基础。     

人HCN2 真核表达载体的构建及在HEK293 细胞中的表达

目的:构建含有人HCN2基因的真核表达载体,并观察在人胚胎肾细胞(HEK293)中的表达情况。方法:对人HCN2基因全序列进行分析,进行oligo设计,通过PCR,扩增HCN2全长cDNA,通过双酶切(XhoI和BamHI)装入真核表达载体pIRES2-EGFP中,脂质体法转染入HEK293细胞中,利用真核表达载体中带有绿色荧光蛋白GFP报告基因,对转染效率进行监测,采用反转录-聚合酶链反应检测HCN2 mRNA表达,全细胞膜片钳技术检测HCN2通道电流。结果:测序及酶切结果表明HCN2基因正确,荧光显微镜下,转染细胞观察到绿色荧光,反转录-聚合酶链反应检测到HCN2 mRNA表达,膜片钳检测到hHCN2基因编码的通道电流。结论:成功地构建了HCN2真核表达载体并进行了起搏通道HCN2基因的异源性表达。     

瞬时基因表达可溶性的VEGFR2: I-IV

通过RT-PCR的方法从三个月的流产绒毛组织中克隆目的基因VEGFR2 (Vascular endothelial growth factor receptor 2, 血管内皮细胞生长因子受体2) 胞外I-IV区, 连接到真核表达载体上构建了重组表达载体。首先在无血清悬浮培养的HEK293细胞中, 使用报告基因GFP(Green fluorescence protein, 绿色荧光蛋白)优化转染条件, 发现在转染时DNA: PEI=1:2 (W/W)、1.5 mg DNA/106 cells及开始转染4 h内使用无血清、摇床(120 r/min)时可以达到最佳的转染效率和细胞数量。在确定转染条件之后, 将构建的表达载体分别在HEK293细胞、COS-7细胞和CHO-K1细胞中进行瞬时转染表达, 结果发现仅在CHO-K1细胞的培养上清中检测到目的蛋白的表达。瞬时转染CHO-K1细胞至总体积约为1.5 L, 由于目的蛋白的羧基端有8-His标签, 通过Ni2+-IDA柱纯化得到5 mg左右的目的蛋白。     

人源跨膜蛋白43(TMEM43)的检测、细胞内定位及体外真核表达

为探究人源跨膜蛋白43(TMEM43)基因含量、定位分布及体外真核表达情况,利用RT-PCR及Western blot方法分别检测内源MRC-5和HEK293细胞内TMEM43基因及其蛋白表达情况,采用间接免疫荧光实验进一步分析其在MRC-5细胞内的分布;构建重组表达载体pcDNA3.1-EGFP-TMEM43,转染至HEK293细胞内检测外源TMEM43在HEK293细胞内的基因和蛋白表达情况。结果显示,基因水平TMEM43在MRC-5细胞内的表达明显高于HEK293细胞,蛋白水平仅能检测到MRC-5细胞内TMEM43的表达。重组表达质粒pcDNA3.1-EGFP-TMEM43转染HEK293细胞后,基因水平TMEM43表达显著升高, Western blot可检测到转染后细胞内TMEM43蛋白成功表达。结果表明,不同细胞表达TMEM43含量存在差异,肺来源细胞内TMEM43的表达明显高于肾来源的细胞;构建的重组载体pcDNA3.1-EGFP-TMEM43可成功转染HEK293细胞并表达。该研究为TMEM43结构及功能、与疾病相关机理的进一步探究提供了实验依据。     

改良红鲫Dmc1基因编码阅读框的克隆及表达

Dmc1基因是一个在减数分裂前期Ⅰ表达的基因,其表达产物为减数分裂时同源染色体配对所必需。本实验根据普通红鲫Dmc1基因编码阅读框(ORF)序列设计引物,克隆了改良红鲫Dmc1基因(命名为IRCC-Dmc1)的ORF序列并将之插入到cDNA5-FRT/TO载体中,构建了改良红鲫Dmc1基因表达载体FRT/TO-IRCC-Dmc1-Myc。以FRT/TO-IRCC-Dmc1-Myc质粒转染HEK293T细胞,蛋白印迹杂交实验检测到改良红鲫Dmc1基因在HEK293T细胞中有着正确的表达。本文为将来进一步研究改良红鲫Dmc1基因的功能打下了基础。     

Curcuminoids as inhibitors of thioredoxin reductase: A receptor based pharmacophore study with distance mapping of the active site

Curcumin is the yellow pigment of turmeric that interacts irreversibly forming an adduct with thioredoxin reductase (TrxR), an enzyme responsible for redox control of cell and defence against oxidative stress. Docking at both the active sites of TrxR was performed to compare the potency of three naturally occurring curcuminoids, namely curcumin, demethoxy curcumin and bis-demethoxy curcumin. Results show that active sites of TrxR occur at the junction of E and F chains. Volume and area of both cavities is predicted. It has been concluded by distance mapping of the most active conformations that Se atom of catalytic residue SeCYS498, is at a distance of 3.56 from C13 of demethoxy curcumin at the E chain active site, whereas C13 carbon atom forms adduct with Se atom of SeCys 498. We report that at least one methoxy group in curcuminoids is necessary for interation with catalytic residues of thioredoxin. Pharmacophore of both active sites of the TrxR receptor for curcumin and demethoxy curcumin molecules has been drawn and proposed for design and synthesis of most probable potent antiproliferative synthetic drugs.     

A Unique Protease Cleavage Site Predicted in the Spike Protein of the Novel Pneumonia Coronavirus (2019-nCoV) Potentially Related to Viral Transmissibility

正Dear Editor,In December 2019, a novel human coronavirus caused an epidemic of severe pneumonia(Coronavirus Disease 2019,COVID-19) in Wuhan, Hubei, China(Wu et al. 2020; Zhu et al. 2020). So far, this virus has spread to all areas of China and even to other countries. The epidemic has caused 67,102 confirmed infections with 1526 fatal cases     

Comparative morphology of the carpel in the Liliaceae: Hewardieae, Petrosavieae, and Tricyrteae

The young pistils in the melanthioid tribes, Hewardieae, Petrosavieae and Tricyrteae, are uniformly tricarpellate and syncarpous. They lack raphide idioblasts. All are multiovulate, with bitegmic ovules. The Petrosavieae are marked by the presence of septal glands and incomplete syncarpy. Tepals and stamens adhere to the ovary in the Hewardieae and the Petrosavieae but not in the Tricyrteae. Two vascular bundles occur in the stamens of the Hewartlieae and Tricyrtis latifolia. Ventral bundles in the upper part of the ovary of the Hewardieae are continuous with compound septal bundles and placental bundles in the lower part. Putative ventral bundles occur in the alternate position in the Tricyrteae and putative placental bundles in the opposite. position in the Petrosavieae. The dichtomously branched stigma in each carpel of the Tricyrteae is supplied by a bifurcated dorsal bundle.     

Entwicklungsgeschichte und Ultrastruktur von Pollenkitt und Exine bei nahe verwandten entomophilen und anemophilen Angiospermensippen derAlismataceae,Liliaceae, Juncaceae,Cyperaceae, Poaceae undAraceae

Some closely related members of the monocotyledonous familiesAlismataceae, Liliaceae, Juncaceae, Cyperaceae, Poaceae andAraceae with variable modes of pollination (insect- and wind-pollination) were studied in relation to the ultrastructure of pollenkitt and exine (amount, consistency and distribution of pollenkitt on the surface of pollen grains). The character syndromes of pollen cementing in entomophilous, anemophilous and intermediate (ambophilous or amphiphilous) monocotyledons are the same in principal as in dicotyledons. Comparing present with former results one can summarize: 1) The pollenkitt is always produced in the same manner by the anther tapetum in all angiosperm sub-classes. 2) The variable stickiness of entomophilous and anemophilous pollen always depends on the particular distribution and consistency of the pollenkitt, but not its amount on the pollen surface. 3) The mostly dry and powdery pollen of anemophilous plants always contains a variable amount of inactive pollenkitt in its exine cavities. 4) A step-by step change of the pollen cementing syndrome can be observed from entomophily towards anemophily. 5) From the omnipresence of pollenkitt in all wind-pollinated angiosperms studied one can conclude that the ancestors of anemophilous angiosperms probably have been zoophilous (i.e. entomophilous) throughout.

     

Identification and Characterization of the First Equine Parainfluenza Virus 5

正Dear Editor,Parainfluenza virus 5 (PIV5), known as canine parainfluenza virus in the veterinary field, is a negative-sense,nonsegmented, single-stranded RNA virus belonging to the Paramyxoviridae family (Chen 2018). The virus was first reported in primary monkey kidney cells in 1954 (Hsiung1972), then it has been frequently discovered in various