多层螺旋CT联合彩色多普勒超声对小儿先天性胆总管囊肿的诊断价值分析

摘要 目的：探讨多层螺旋CT（MSCT）联合彩色多普勒超声对小儿先天性胆总管囊肿（CCC）的诊断价值。方法：选取2018年1月～2021年12月来我院治疗的78例CCC患儿为研究对象,所有患儿均接受彩色多普勒超声检查及MSCT检查,以病理诊断结果为金标准,对比两种检查方法对CCC的诊断价值。结果：所有CCC患儿中均未出现肝门部纤维斑块（TC征）阳性、肝动脉内径增宽,33例出现囊肿内胆泥沉积和肝内胆管扩张,16例出现胆囊异常;囊肿长径、宽径分别为（5.41±0.60）cm、（3.26±0.38）cm,脾脏内径为（1.56±0.17）cm。所有患者的Todani分型结果显示：Ⅰ型67例,Ⅱ型2例,Ⅲ型2例,Ⅳ型5例,Ⅴ型2例。与病理学诊断结果对比,彩色多普勒超声对CCC患儿Todani分型有一定的诊断效能,对Ⅰ型、Ⅳ型、Ⅴ型的诊断准确率分别为83.33%、93.59%、93.59%（P＜0.05）。与病理学诊断结果对比,MSCT对CCC患儿Todani分型有较好的诊断效能,对Ⅰ型、Ⅱ型、Ⅲ型、Ⅳ型、Ⅴ型的诊断准确率分别为88.46%、89.74%、93.59%、94.87%、97.43（P＜0.05）。彩色多普勒超声联合MSCT检查的诊断准确率高达96.15%,明显高于两种方法单独应用（P＜0.05）。结论：不同Todani分型的CCC患儿具有不同的超声征象,彩色多普勒超声及MSCT对CCC患儿Todani分型均有一定的的诊断价值,且两者联合应用时诊断价值较高。     

5'-NT、血清内毒素及TNF-α在妊娠肝内胆汁淤积症患者中的表达及临床意义

目的:观察5'-核苷酸酶(5'-NT)、血清内毒素(LPS)及肿瘤坏死因子α(TNF-α)在妊娠肝内胆汁淤积症患者中的表达.为判断其病情严重程度及预后,寻找更有效的检测指标和治疗方法.方法:采用酶法速率法检测妊娠肝内胆汁淤积症患者(胆淤组)及健康妊娠者(对照组)血清5'-NT的活性,ELISA检测两者血清TNF-α的含量,并检测常规肝功能指标.结果:胆淤组患者血清5'-NT的活性明显高于对照组(P＜0.01),胆淤组的血清TNF-α显著高于对照组,胆淤组常规肝功能指标(ALT、AST、GGT、ALP)均高于对照组,且5'-NT与ALT(r=0.763,P＜0.05)、AST(r=0.684,P＜0.05)均呈正相关.结论:5'-NT与妊娠肝内胆汁淤积症患者肝功能水平密切相关,TNF-α在患者体内的高表达,提示在胆汁淤积期积极抗炎治疗可能更有利于患者病情好转.     

长期拉米夫定治疗乙肝后肝硬化患者血清肝纤维化指标、血小板以及超声影像学指标的变化

目的:探讨长期拉米夫定治疗乙肝后肝硬化患者血清肝纤维化指标、血小板参数以及超声影像学相关指标的变化。方法:选取符合标准的108例乙肝肝硬化患者作为研究对象,依据随机数据表法将其分为对照组和观察组(均54例);对照组患者常规降酶、护肝利胆等治疗,观察组在对照组的基础上给予口服拉米夫定治疗,观察3年。比较两组患者治疗前后血清肝纤维化指标(ⅣC、HA、PⅢP和LN)、血小板参数(PLT、PCT、MPV和PDW)以及超声影像学相关指标(肝左外叶体积/全肝体积,肝体积/脾体积、PVP和DMPV)。结果:治疗前,两组患者的上述指标比较,差异无统计学意义(P0.05);治疗后,两组的ⅣC、HA、PⅢP、LN、MPV、PDW、肝左外叶体积/全肝体积和DMPV水平,与组内治疗前相比,均显著下降,且观察组明显低于对照组,比较均有统计学差异(P0.05);两组的PLT、PCT、肝体积/脾体积和PVP水平较组内治疗前均显著升高,且观察组明显高于对照组(P0.05)。结论:拉米夫定长期治疗乙肝后肝硬化可改善患者的血清肝纤维化指标、血小板参数以及超声影像学指标水平。     

胆道闭锁患儿血清GPC3、TGF-β1和VEGF水平与肝硬度值和肝功能的关系研究

目的:研究胆道闭锁(BA)患儿血清磷脂酰肌醇蛋白聚糖3(GPC3)、转化生子因子β1(TGF-β1)和血管内皮生长因子(VEGF)水平与肝硬度值和肝功能的关系。方法:选择2016月3月-2019年3月期间在我院接受Kasai手术治疗的62例BA患儿作为研究对象(BA组),并根据总胆红素水平分为黄疸患儿(总胆红素≥34.2μmol/L)、无黄疸患儿(总胆红素<34.2μmol/L);另取同期在本院体检的50例健康儿童作为对照组。检测BA组患儿术后2个月、对照组儿童体检时的血清GPC3、TGF-β1、VEGF及肝功能指标白蛋白(ALB)、丙氨酸转氨酶(ALT)、天冬氨酸转氨酶(AST)、γ-谷氨酰转肽酶(GGT)的水平及肝硬度值,采用Pearson相关分析血清GPC3、TGF-β1和VEGF水平与肝硬度值和肝功能的相关性。结果:BA组患儿的血清GPC3、TGF-β1、VEGF、ALT、AST、GGT水平及肝硬度值均明显高于对照组(P<0.05),血清ALB水平与对照组比较无统计学差异(P>0.05);BA组中黄疸患儿的血清GPC3、TGF-β1、VEGF、ALT、AST、GGT水平及肝硬度值均明显高于无黄疸患儿,血清ALB水平明显低于无黄疸患儿(P<0.05);BA组中血清GPC3、TGF-β1、VEGF水平与血清ALT、AST、GGT水平及肝硬度值呈正相关(P<0.05),与血清ALB水平呈负相关(P<0.05)。结论:BA患儿术后GPC3、TGF-β1和VEGF的升高与肝纤维化进程、肝功能破坏有关,未来可能成为研究BA术后肝纤维化发生机制的靶点。     

彩色多普勒超声监测下介入治疗盆腔脓肿的临床疗效及安全性研究

目的探讨盆腔脓肿患者在彩色多普勒超声监测下行介入治疗的临床效果及安全性。方法选择2013年9月～2017年9月在我院诊治的88例盆腔脓肿患者为研究对象,按随机方法分为对照组和实验组各44例,对照组实施传统手术治疗,实验组在彩色多普勒超声监测下行介入治疗,观察比较两组患者的治疗效果。结果两组患者的住院时间、症状消失时间、白细胞恢复时间、体温恢复时间比较,实验组各项指标均优于对照组,差异均有统计学意义(P0.05)。结论彩色多普勒超声监测下行介入治疗盆腔脓肿的效果显著,具有临床应用价值。     

彩色多普勒超声用于评估妊娠高血压缺氧程度的临床价值

目的:探讨彩色多普勒超声用于评估妊娠高血压缺氧程度的临床价值。方法:将我院自2017年6月至2019年6月收治的妊娠高血压患者106例作为研究组及同期产检正常孕妇103例作为对照组,采用彩色多普勒超声检查仪监测两组孕妇的子宫动脉血流动力学情况,并分析新生儿的缺氧程度。结果:研究组孕妇脐血流搏动指数(pulsatility index,PI)、脐血流阻力指数(resistance index,RI)和脐动脉血流收缩期/舒张期(S/D)水平均明显高于对照组(P0.05),舒张早期切迹发生率为47.17%,亦明显高于对照组8.74%(P0.05)。研究组孕妇平均孕周、新生儿体重和体重指数均明显少于对照组(P0.05),其早产率为19.81%、剖宫产率为64.15%、胎儿窘迫发生率为15.09%,均明显高于对照组(5.83%、19.42%、4.85%,P0.05)。研究组中切迹组孕周、新生儿体重均明显小于非切迹组(P0.05)。研究组羊水异常发生率为16.00%,早产率为40.00%,新生儿窒息率为14.00%,胎儿窘迫发生率为26.00%,均明显高于对照组(5.36%、1.79%、1.79%、5.38%,P0.05)。结论:采用彩色多普勒超声仪检测孕妇子宫动脉血流频谱可作为了解子宫-胎盘-胎儿循环的检查方式,评估妊娠并发症的发生风险,监测胎儿宫内生长发育。     

2型糖尿病合并脑出血患者微创术后颅内感染与血液流变学的关系探究

摘要 目的：探讨2型糖尿病（T2DM）合并脑出血患者微创术后颅内感染与血液流变学的关系。方法：选取2017年1月～2021年12月于医院行微创术后颅内感染的2型糖尿病合并脑出血患者50例作为感染组,根据入院时格拉斯哥昏迷(Glasgow Coma Score, GCS)评分将患者分为轻度组（GCS≥9分,n=31）和重度组（GCS<9分,n=19）,另按病例对照研究法选取同期行微创术后颅内未感染的50例患者为对照组。分析不同组患者血液流变学指标[全血黏度高切（HS）、全血黏度低切（LS）、血浆黏度（PV）和红细胞聚集指数（EAI）]的变化,并采用ROC评估根据术后HS、LS、PV、EAI预测颅内感染预后的效能。结果：感染组患者引流管数、引流管留置时间及脑脊液漏均高于对照组（P<0.05）;感染组患者LS、HS、PV和EAI均高于对照组患者（P＜0.05）;重度组患者LS、HS、PV和EAI均高于轻度组患者（P＜0.05）;预后不良组患者LS、HS、PV和EAI均高于预后良好组（P<0.05）;ROC曲线结果显示：HS、LS、PV和EAI预测患者术后颅内感染预后的AUC分别为0.698、0.837、0.690、0.666,最佳临界值为10.22 mPa?s、5.20 mPa?s、5.05 mPa?s、14.10。结论：T2DM合并脑出血微创术后颅内感染患者凝血功能及血液流变学指标异常升高,且对病情程度及预后预测中有一定应用价值。     

经阴道彩色多普勒超声诊断异位妊娠的临床价值分析

目的:探讨经阴道彩色多普勒超声诊断用于诊断异位妊娠的检出率与准确率,为其临床应用提供参考。方法:选取2016年1月-2017年12月我院收治的疑似异位妊娠患者174例,依据随机数字表方法将其分为观察组和参考组,每组87例。参考组应用经腹部彩色多普勒超声予以诊断,观察组采用经阴道彩色多普勒超声进行诊断,比较两组的检出率与准确率。结果:观察组检出率为96.5%,明显高于参考组(86.2%,P0.05);观察组的准确率达97.6%,明显高于参考组(85.7%,P0.05)。在对大病灶的诊断中,两组的诊断准确率比较差异无统计学意义(P0.05);在小病灶诊断中,观察组的诊断准确率为97.6%,明显高于参考组(76.9%,P0.05)。观察组在胎囊型和飘浮型中的诊断率均明显的高于参考组(P0.05);在包块型的诊断中,两组诊断准确率比较差异无统计学意义(P0.05)。结论:与经腹部彩色多普勒超声相比,经阴道彩色多普勒超声诊断应用于异位妊娠中具有较高的检出率与准确率,尤其针对一些较小的病灶诊断有优势。     

彩色多普勒超声对青少年椎动脉型颈椎病的诊断价值

目的:探讨彩色多普勒超声对青少年椎动脉型颈椎病的诊断价值。方法:选择我院2012年2月-2016年1月收治的80例青少年椎动脉型颈椎病患者作为研究组,选择同期100例门诊体检同龄健康者作为对照组,使用Acuson Sequoia 512以及HDI5000彩色多普勒超声仪进行检查,观察两组椎动脉和颈外动脉血流指标,记录椎间段血流参数:包括舒张末流速(EVD)、收缩期峰值流速(PSV)、血流量(Q)和阻力指数(RI)。结果:实验组椎动脉内径、EDV、PSV和血流量(Q)比对照组低(P0.05),实验组阻力指数(RI)比对照组高(P0.05)。结论:彩色多普勒超声对青少年椎动脉型颈椎病患者的血流相关指数检查对该病的诊断具有明显作用,适合在临床上推广应用。     

彩色多普勒超声应用于乳腺癌诊断及其新辅助化疗疗效评价的临床价值研究

目的:探讨彩色多普勒超声对乳腺良恶性肿瘤的鉴别诊断价值以及其对乳腺癌患者新辅助化疗疗效的评估价值。方法:选取2017年1月到2018年11月期间在我院接受治疗的乳腺癌患者88例作为乳腺癌组,另选取同期在我院接受治疗的乳腺良性肿瘤患者60例作为良性对照组,良性对照组在治疗前,乳腺癌患者在化疗前后采用彩色多普勒超声进行检查,记录所有患者的二维超声表现、彩色多普勒超声表现。结果:乳腺癌组的形态不规则、边界不清晰、内部回声不均匀、后方回声异常的比例均高于良性对照组,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05),两组患者的血流分级分布情况整体比较差异有统计学意义(P<0.05),乳腺癌组的血流阻力指数(RI)高于良性对照组(P<0.05)。化疗后,治疗有效组的乳腺肿瘤体积小于治疗无效组,治疗有效组的形态不规则、边界不清晰、内部回声不均匀、后方回声异常的比例低于治疗无效组(P<0.05),治疗有效组的血流分级分布情况及RI与治疗无效组比较差异亦有统计学意义(P<0.05)。结论:彩色多普勒超声对乳腺良恶性肿瘤具有较高的鉴别诊断价值,同时也可用于乳腺癌患者新辅助化疗疗效的评估。     

六种藓类植物茎的比较解剖学研究

通过对6种藓类植物,即褶叶青藓(Brachythecium salebrosum(Web.et Mohr.)B.S.G.)、湿地匐灯藓(Plagiomnium acutum(Lindb.)Kop.)、侧枝匐灯藓(Plagiomnium maximoviczii(Lindb.)Kop.)、大凤尾藓(Fissidensnobilis Griff.)、大羽藓(Thuidium cymbifolium(Doz.et Molk.)B.S.G.)和大灰藓(Hypnum plumaeforme Wils.)嫩茎和老茎的石蜡切片和显微观察发现,同一藓类植株的嫩茎和老茎,茎结构稳定,不同种藓类植物茎横切面具有不同特征.植物体茎横切面形状、表层细胞的层数、细胞大小和细胞壁厚薄、皮层细胞大小和形状、中轴的有无以及比例等特征可以作为藓类植物的分科分类依据之一.     

Photoregulation of seed germination of wild-type and of an aurea-mutant of tomato

Seed germination of an aurea mutant of tomato ( Lycopersicon esculentum Mill.) is promoted by continuous irradiation with red, far-red or long-wavelength far-red (758 nm) light as well as by cyclic irradiations (5 min red or 5 min far-red/25 min darkness). Far-red light applied immediately after each red does not change the germination behaviour. Seed germination of the isogenic wild-type, cv. UC-105, is promoted by continuous and cyclic red light while it is inhibited by continuous and cyclic far-red light and by continious 758 nm irradiation. Far-red irradiation reverses almost completely the promoting effect of red light. The promoting effect (in the aurea mutant) and the inhibitory effect (in the wild-type) of continuous far-red light do not show photon fluence rate dependency above 20 nmol m⁻² s⁻¹. It is concluded that phytochrome controls tomato seed germination throgh low energy responses in both the wild type and the au mutant. The promoting effect of continuous and cyclic far-red light in the au mutant can be attributed to a greater sensitivity to P_fr.     

Cause of Senescence of Nine Sorts of Flowers

The levels of endogenous phytohormones and respiratory rate in nine sorts of flowers such as Cymbidium faberi Rolfe, Nopalxochia ackermannii Kunth and others were investigated both at full bloom and senescence and meanwhile the effect of exogenous phytohormones on prolonging the blossoms and promoting ethylene production were tested. There is a high content of endogenous ethylene in all the long-lived flowere, about 3–16 folds higer than the short-lived ones. There is a high level of ABA at full blooming flowers of short-lived flowers, in which there is no or only some cytokinins in it, but the ratio of CTK (6BA+zeatin)/ABA is smaller(l.7). The endogenous ABA reached a much higher level at senescence in all nine sorts of flowers, so it is reasonable to consider that it is ABA which plays an important role of regulation in controlling flower's senescence. There is a much higher level of GA3 and zeatin in the long-lived flowers which is not demonstrated in the shortlived ones. The respiratory rate is one of the factors controtling the longevity of flowers, but it does not play a decided role. Application of 6BA and zeatin prolongs distinctly orchid’s longevity, however exogenous IAA through the promotive action on ethylene production, evidently extends the longevity of the flowers of the Nopalxochia ackermannii Kunth.     

Interconnection of parameters of regulation system of lipid peroxidation and of morphophysiological parameters of mouse liver

A complex analysis of seasonal fluctuations of the mean group parameters of the system of regulation of lipid peroxidation has been performed in liver of Balb/c mice. Association of lipid characteristics and morphophysiological parameters is studied in the Balb/c mouse liver. An inter-connection is revealed between the liver index and the amount of lysoforms of phospholipids, the scale and character of the interconnection differing essentially depending on proportion of phos-phatidylcholine in mouse liver phospholipids.     

龙胆科药用植物化学成分的研究现状

龙胆科植物在我国的分布范围很广,且多数为药用植物,其多数种属的药用植物,至今其化学成分尚未被系统研究。综述了目前龙胆科药用植物的化学成分的研究现状及一般提取方法,对近年来发现的环烯醚萜及裂环烯醚萜类化合物进行了总结,为本科药用植物的更深入研究提供了参考。     

Physiological characteristics of various species of strains of carboxydobacteria

Seven strains of aerobic carbon monoxide-oxidizing bacteria (carboxydebacteria) when growing on CO as sole source of carbon and energy had doubling times which ranged from 12–42 h. The activity profiles obtained after discontinuous sucrose density gradient centrifugation indicated that the CO-oxidizing enzymes are soluble and the hydrogenases are membrane-bound in all strains examined. The CO-oxidizing enzymes of Pseudomonas carboxydohydrogena, Pseudomonas carboxydoflava, Comamonas compransoris, and the so far unidentified strains OM2, OM3, and OM4 had a molecular weight of 230,000; that of Achromobacter carboxydus amounted to 170,000. The molecular weights of the CO-oxidizing and H₂-oxidizing enzymes turned out to be identical. The cell sonicates were shown to catalyze the oxidation of both CO and H₂ with methylene blue, thionine, phenazine methosulfate, toluylene blue, dichlorophenolindophenol, cytochrome c or ferricyanide as electron acceptors. Methyl viologen, benzyl viologen, FAD⁺, FMN⁺, and NAD(P)⁺ were not reduced. The spectrum of electron acceptors was identical for all strains tested. Neither free formate, hydrogen nor oxygen gas were involved in the CO-oxidation reaction. Methylene blue was reduced by CO at a 1:1 molar ratio. The results indicate that CO-oxidation by carboxydobacteria is catalyzed by identical or similar enzymes and that the reaction obeys the equation CO+H₂OCO₂+2H⁺+2e^- as previously shown for Pseudomonas carboxydovorans.Dedicated to Otto Kandler remembering almost three decades of enjoyable cooperation     

Modulation of allostery of pyruvate kinase by shifting of an ensemble of microstates

Since the introduction of the concepts of allostery about four decades ago, much advancement has been made in elucidating the structure-function correlation in allostery. However, there are still a number of issues that remain unresolved. In this review we used mammalian pyruvate kinase (PK) as a model system to understand the role of protein dynamics in modulating cooperativity. PK has a triosephosphate isomerase (TIM)(α/β)₈ barrel structural motif. PK is an ideal system to address basic questions regarding regulatory mechanisms about this common (α/β)₈ structural motif. The simplest model accounting for all of the solution thermodynamic and kinetic data on ligand-enzyme interactions involves two conformational states, inactive E^T and active E^R. These conformational states are represented by domain movements. Further studies provide the first evidence for a differential effect of ligand binding on the dynamics of the structural elements, not major secondary structural changes. These data are consistent with our model that allosteric regulation of PK is the consequence of perturbation of the distribution of an ensemble of states in which the inactive E^T and active E^R represent the two extreme end states. Sequence differences and ligands can modulate the distribution of states leading to alterations of functions. The future work includes: defining the network of functionally connected residues; elucidating the chemical principles governing the sequence differences which affect functions; and probing the nature of mutations on the stability of the secondary structural elements, which in turn modulate allostery.     

（鱼句）亚科花（鱼骨）型鱼类骨骼系统的比较

对我国花型Hemibarbuspattern鱼类作了骨骼系统比较,结果表明,此类型鱼类脑颅较长,副蝶骨平直或稍弯曲,眶蝶骨腹纵嵴发达(铜鱼Coreius septentrionalis例外),下颞窝和咽突中等大,基枕骨后突发达;脑颅中的上筛骨的后突、侧筛骨的外筛突,蝶耳骨的外突、上耳骨的后突、围眶骨和后颞窝等均有明显的差异;咽颅中的舌颌骨、尾舌骨、鳃盖骨和下咽齿的列数等又有显著的区别;附肢骨骼中的腰带骨、脊椎骨中的复合神经骨和第4椎骨腹侧的悬器等也有不同之处。据此,这些差异和区别可作为属间或种间的分类依据。