胎盘多肽对子宫肌瘤患者T 淋巴细胞亚群、NK细胞及炎症因子水平的影响

目的:探讨胎盘多肽对子宫肿瘤切除术后患者血清炎症因子变化和免疫功能的影响。方法:收集我院收治的子宫肿瘤切除术后患者57例,根据就诊先后顺序不同分为对照组和实验组,实验组采用胎盘多肽治疗,对照组采用常规治疗。检测两组患者CD3~+、CD4~+、CD8~+、NK细胞、CRP及IL-6水平,并比较两组的临床效果。结果:治疗后,两组患者血清CRP及IL-6水平均低于治疗前,且实验组明显低于对照组,差异具有统计学意义(P0.05)。治疗后,两组患者CD3~+、CD4~+、CD4~+/CD8~+、NK细胞均高于治疗前,而CD8~+低于治疗前,差异具有统计学意义(P0.05);实验组患者治疗后CD3~+、CD4~+、CD4~+/CD8~+、NK细胞显著高于对照组,而CD8~+低于对照组,差异具有统计学意义(P0.05)。与对照组相比,实验组患者的首次排气和排便时间明显较短,差异具有统计学意义(P0.05)。结论:胎盘多肽能够明显改善子宫肌瘤切除患者的免疫功能,降低炎症反应,有助于患者术后康复。     

腹腔镜全结肠系膜切除术治疗老年结肠癌患者的近期疗效评价及对机体免疫力的影响

目的:研究腹腔镜全结肠系膜切除术对老年结肠癌患者的近期疗效评价及机体免疫力的影响,为临床治疗结肠癌提供依据。方法:选择2014年6月至2016年6月我院收治的136例老年结肠癌患者为研究对象,按照患者治疗意愿分为两组。治疗组57例行腹腔镜下全结肠系膜切除术,对照组79例行开腹手术。比较两组患者的手术时间、淋巴结清扫数量、术中出血量、肛门排气时间、下床活动时间、术后住院时间及术后并发症发生率。于术前1 d、术后1 d及术后3 d采用流式细胞仪检测两组患者外周血中T淋巴细胞亚群(CD3~+、CD4~+、CD8~+)及自然杀伤(NK)细胞;于术前1 d、术后1 d及术后3 d采用酶联免疫吸附法(ELISA)测定两组患者血清C反应蛋白(CRP)、可溶性白细胞介素-2受体(sIL-2R)、白细胞介素-6(IL-6)、白细胞介素-8(IL-8)浓度。结果:与对照组比较,治疗组术中出血量减少,肛门排气时间、下床活动时间及术后住院时间均缩短,差异均有统计学意义(P0.05)。两组患者淋巴结清扫数量及手术时间比较,差异无统计学意义(P0.05)。治疗组并发症发生率为7.02%,低于对照组的17.72%,差异具有统计学意义(P0.05)。治疗组患者术后1 d和术后3 d外周血中T细胞亚群CD3~+、CD4~+和NK细胞所占比例及CD4~+/CD8~+的比值与术前1 d相比有所减小(P0.05),且术后1 d的CD4~+/CD8~+的比值和NK细胞低于术后3 d(P0.05);两组术后1 d及术后3 d外周血中CD8~+所占比例与术前1 d有所升高,但是差异无统计学意义(P0.05),且术后1 d的CD8~+所占比例与术后3d比较无明显差异(P0.05)。治疗组患者术后1 d和术后3天外周血中CD3~+、CD4~+与对照组比较,差异无统计学意义(P0.05),CD4~+/CD8~+的比值和NK细胞高于对照组,差异有统计学意义(P0.05)。治疗组术后1 d及术后3 d血清CRP、sIL-2R、IL-6、IL-8水平与均较术前1 d增高,术后3 d治疗组血清中CRP、sIL-2R、IL-6、IL-8水平低于术后1 d(P0.05),治疗组术后1 d及术后3 d血清中CRP、sIL-2R、IL-6、IL-8水平均低于对照组,差异均具有统计学意义(P0.05)。结论:腹腔镜全结肠系膜切除术与开腹手术相比,近期疗效更好,具有创口小、出血量少、术后恢复快、术后并发症发生率低及对机体免疫功能影响小等优点,可应用于老年结肠癌的治疗。     

右美托咪定对全麻胃肠手术患者血流动力学及苏醒期躁动的影响

目的:探宄右美托咪定(Dex)对全麻胃肠手术患者血流动力学及苏醒期躁动的影响。方法:选取2013年5月-2015年5月在我院接受全麻胃肠手术患者93例作为研究对象,根据麻醉方法不同将所选患者分为研究组(52例)和对照组(41例)。研究组患者给予全身麻醉联合右美托咪定持续泵入麻醉,对照组仅给予全身麻醉。观察并比较两组患者手术开始时(T1)、手术进行时(T2)及手术结束时(T3)的平均动脉压(MAP)、心率(HR)、脉搏氧饱和度(SpO_2)、呼吸频率(RR)以及睡眠障碍镇静评分(Ramsay评分)。结果:研究组患者在T1,T2及T3的HR,RR及MAP值均显著低于对照组,差异具有统计学意义(P0.05);两组患者各时间点SpO_2比较,差异均无统计学意义(P0.05)。研究组患者各时间点的血流动力学指标比较,差异无统计学意义(P0.05)。研究组患者Ramsay评分(2.81±0.28)显著高于对照组(1.51±0.41),差异具有统计学意义(P0.05);研究组不良反应发生率(5.77%)显著低于对照组(29.27%),差异具有统计学意义(P0.05)。结论:Dex对全麻胃肠手术患者具有良好的镇静、镇痛效果,能够稳定患者血流动力学,对苏醒期恢复影响较小,值得临床应用推广。     

右美托咪定对腹腔镜子宫切除术患者血流动力学及应激反应的影响

目的:探讨右美托咪定(Dex)对腹腔镜子宫切除术患者血流动力学及应激反应的影响。方法:选择2012年7月到2014年7月在我院行腹腔镜子宫切除术的36例患者,随机分为实验组和对照组各18例。实验组静脉注射Dex 1μg/kg直到手术结束,对照组同法给予生理盐水。于麻醉前15 min(T0)、插管后5 min(T1)、气腹后20 min(T2)、术后立刻(T3)和术后24 h(T4)四个时间点,分别监测其平均动脉压(MAP)、心率(HR),并测定血浆皮质醇(Cor)、去甲肾上腺素(NE)和白细胞介素6(IL-6)水平。结果:T0时两组患者的MAP和HR比较,无显著性差异(P0.05),对照组T1、T2、T3时明显升高(P0.05),实验组轻微升高,两组相比差异有显著性(P0.05)。T4时两组患者的MAP和HR均恢复至正常水平。T0时两组Cor、NE和IL-6比较,无显著性差异(P0.05),对照组T2、T3、T4时明显升高(P0.05),实验组轻微升高,两组相比差异有显著性(P0.05)。T4时除NE,其他指标均达到峰值。结论:Dex能维持围术期患者血流动力学稳定,降低术中的应激反应。     

右美托咪定对开胸手术单肺通气患者术中血流动力学和炎性因子的影响

目的:研究右美托咪定对开胸手术单肺通气患者术中血流动力学和炎性因子的影响。方法:选取我院收治的行开胸手术单肺通气的患者50例,通过随机数表法,平均分为对照组(n=25)和实验组(n=25),对照组采取常规麻醉,实验组在常规麻醉中增加Dex的静脉注射。记录2组平均动脉压的血流动力学指标和心率,对比进入手术时刻(T1),注射右美托咪定15分钟时刻(T2)、气管插管后时刻(T3)、切皮时刻(T4)、单肺通气时刻(T5)和术毕时刻(T6)的生命体征,对比T1、T5、T6、T7的外周血TNF-α、IL-6表达水平。结果:对照组的血流动力学指标在T1和T6时刻与实验组相近,差异无统计学意义(p0.05);对照组在T2、T3、T4、T5四个时刻显著高于实验组,差异有统计学意义(p0.05);对照组的TNF-α水平在T1时刻为(33.6±0.7),而实验组为(33.4±0.8),差异无统计学意义(t=0.941,P=0.352);实验组在T5、T6和T7时刻的TNF-α水平均低于对照组,差异有统计学意义(p0.05);对照组的IL-6水平在T1时刻为(8.7±0.6),而实验组为(8.8±0.6),差异无统计学意义(t=0.589,P=0.558);实验组的IL-6水在T5时刻、T6时刻、T7时刻显著高于实验组,差异有统计学意义(p0.05)。结论:右美托咪定不仅可以改善术中和术后的血流状况,同时还可以抑制炎症因子,对机体产生保护作用。     

乌苯美司联合放化疗对晚期肺癌免疫功能的影响

目的:评价乌苯美司联合放化疗对晚期非小细胞肺癌(NSCLC)患者免疫功能的影响。方法:选择2014年1月至2016年1月来我院进行初治的NSCLC患者78例,按随机数字表法分为对照组和实验组各39例。对照组进行常规放化疗,实验组在常规放化疗的基础上加服乌苯美司进行治疗。观察并比较两组患者治疗前后免疫功能的情况。结果:实验组治疗后血清可溶性白细胞介素-2受体(sIL-2R)、白细胞介素-6(IL-6)、白细胞介素-8(IL-8)、肿瘤坏死因子(TNF-α)水平与治疗前相比有所下降,且实验组显著低于对照组(P0.05)。实验组治疗后外周血中T细胞亚群(CD3~+、CD4~+)和NK细胞所占比例及CD4~+/CD8~+的比值与治疗前相比有所升高,且实验组高于对照组(P0.05);CD8~+所占比例有所下降,且实验组低于对照组,差异均具有统计学意义(P0.05)。结论:通过检测外周血中T细胞亚群、NK细胞含量和血清sIL-2R、IL-6、IL-8、TNF-α水平,可以反映患者的免疫状态。乌苯美司联合放化疗能够有效提高晚期NSCLC患者的免疫功能,可作为化疗的辅助性用药。     

不同麻醉深度对全麻老年手术患者应激反应、免疫功能及血清IL-1β、HMGB1水平的影响

目的:探讨不同麻醉深度对全麻老年手术患者应激反应、免疫功能及血清IL-1β、HMGB1水平的影响。方法:采用随机、双盲、平行法将2015年2月至2018年2月于海南省人民医院拟行全麻手术的200例老年患者分为研究组(n=102)和对照组(n=98),研究组术中脑电双频指数(BIS)维持在50-59之间,对照组BIS维持在40-49之间。分别于麻醉诱导前(T_0)、手术2h(T_1)、术后24 h(T_2)检测患者血清皮质醇(Cor)、促肾上腺皮质激素(ACTH)、内皮素-1(ET-1)、T淋巴细胞(CD3~+、CD4~+、CD8~+)、NK细胞(CD3-CD16+CD56+)、血清白介素-1β(IL-1β)、高迁移率族蛋白B1(HMGB1)水平,并观察两组患者术后并发症发生情况。结果:对照组Cor水平先升高后降低,且研究组T_1、T_2时Cor水平低于对照组(P0.05);两组患者ACTH水平先升高后降低,且研究组低于对照组(P0.05);研究组T_1、T_2时ET-1水平低于T_0时及对照组(P0.05)。两组CD3~+、CD4~+、CD8~+、CD3~-CD16~+CD56~+水平呈逐渐下降趋势,且研究组T_1、T_2时各指标水平均高于对照组(P0.05)。两组IL-1β水平均先升高后降低,研究组T_1时IL-1β水平低于对照组(P0.05),两组HMGB1水平持续上升,研究组T_1、T_2时HMGB1水平低于对照组(P0.05)。两组并发症发生率比较差异无统计学意义(P0.05),但研究组术后认知功能障碍发生率低于对照组(P0.05)。结论:维持BIS50-59的浅度麻醉可降低老年全麻手术患者围术期应激反应水平,促进术后免疫功能恢复,降低HMGB1水平及认知功能障碍发生风险,减轻围术期炎症反应。     

腹腔镜与开腹胃癌根治术治疗胃癌患者的疗效及对免疫功能和炎性因子的影响

目的:探讨不同手术方式治疗胃癌患者的疗效及对免疫功能和炎性因子的影响。方法:选择2015年1月-2018年4月我院收治的择期行根治性切除术胃癌患者236例,根据不同的手术方式分为对照组(n=107)和实验组(n=129),对照组实施传统开腹胃癌根治术,实验组实施腹腔镜胃癌根治术。观察两组患者各项临床症状及并发症发生情况,比较两组患者术前、术后1 d、术后7 d免疫功能和炎性因子水平。结果:与对照组相比,实验组患者的手术时间明显升高,而其他临床症状指标以及并发症发生率显著下降(P0.05),两组淋巴结清除数目比较无统计学差异(P0.05)。两组患者术后1 d的IL-6、TNF-α、CRP水平均明显高于术前,但实验组低于对照组(P0.05)。术后7 d,对照组IL-6、TNF-α、CRP水平仍高于术前(P0.05),但实验组TNF-α、CRP水平与术前比较无统计学差异(P0.05),同时实验组IL-6、TNF-α、CRP水平均显著低于对照组(P0.05)。术后1 d、7 d,两组CD3~+、CD4~+、CD4~+/CD8~+均低于术前,CD8~+高于术前,且实验组CD3~+、CD4~+、CD4~+/CD8~+高于对照组,CD8~+低于对照组(P0.05)。结论:与传统开腹胃癌根治术比较,腹腔镜胃癌根治术治疗胃癌患者疗效更好,可减轻炎性反应,对患者的免疫功能影响较小,安全可靠。     

多索茶碱注射液对急性支气管哮喘患者血清IL-18，IL-33及TNF-α水平的影响

目的:探究多索茶碱注射液对支气管哮喘急性发作的治疗效果及对血清白细胞介素-18(IL-18)、白细胞介素-33(IL-33)、肿瘤坏死因子-α(TNF-α)的影响。方法:100例支气管哮喘急性发作患者参照抽签法分作对照组与实验组,对照组采用氨茶碱治疗,实验组采用多索茶碱注射液治疗,观察两组疗效,喘息缓解时间、哮鸣音缓解时间、咳嗽缓解时间,IL-18、IL-33、TNF-α,内皮素(ET)、一氧化碳(NO),NK细胞、CD3~+、CD4~+、CD8~+、CD4~+/CD8~+,最大呼气流量(PEF),用力肺活量(FVC),安全性。结果:实验组总有效率高于对照组(P0.05)。实验组喘息缓解时间、哮鸣音缓解时间、咳嗽缓解时间优于对照组(P0.05)。治疗后,两组IL-18、IL-33、TNF-α、ET、CD8+均降低,实验组低于对照组,两组NO、NK细胞、CD3~+、CD4~+、CD4~+/CD8~+、PEF、FVC均上升,实验组高于对照组,差异均有统计学意义(P0.05)。实验组不良反应率低于对照组(P0.05)。结论:多索茶碱注射液对支气管哮喘急性发作的临床效果肯定,降低血清IL-18、IL-33、TNF-α水平,同时能够利于血管内皮功能、肺功能、免疫功能的改善。     

依托咪酯全凭静脉麻醉对老年骨科手术患者围术期T淋巴细胞亚群水平的影响

为了探讨依托咪酯全凭静脉麻醉对老年骨科手术患者围术期T淋巴细胞亚群水平的影响。本研究选取2015年6月至2016年6月在本院骨科收治的65岁以上老年患者59例作为研究对象,随机分为两组,对照组30例,采用丙泊酚进行麻醉;实验组29例,采用依托咪酯。记录患者术中情况及术后不良反应,并于麻醉前30 min(T0)、手术结束后30 min(T1)及术后24 h(T2)采用流式细胞仪检测患者外周血中T淋巴细胞亚群(CD3~+,CD4~+,CD8~+及CD4~+/CD8~+)的变化。结果显示,两组患者术后麻醉时间、手术时间、失血量及术后不良反应发生率均无统计学差异(p0.05)。与T0时比较,T1时实验组和对照组的CD3~+、CD4~+、CD8~+及CD4~+/CD8~+均显著降低(p0.05),但两组之间比较差异无统计学意义(p0.05);T2时实验组CD3~+、CD4~+、及CD4~+/CD8~+均显著高于对照组(p0.05),两组间CD8~+比较差异无统计学意义(p0.05)。依托咪酯全凭静脉麻醉能够部分减轻老年骨科患者术后免疫抑制程度,且术后患者恢复较快。     

六种藓类植物茎的比较解剖学研究

通过对6种藓类植物,即褶叶青藓(Brachythecium salebrosum(Web.et Mohr.)B.S.G.)、湿地匐灯藓(Plagiomnium acutum(Lindb.)Kop.)、侧枝匐灯藓(Plagiomnium maximoviczii(Lindb.)Kop.)、大凤尾藓(Fissidensnobilis Griff.)、大羽藓(Thuidium cymbifolium(Doz.et Molk.)B.S.G.)和大灰藓(Hypnum plumaeforme Wils.)嫩茎和老茎的石蜡切片和显微观察发现,同一藓类植株的嫩茎和老茎,茎结构稳定,不同种藓类植物茎横切面具有不同特征.植物体茎横切面形状、表层细胞的层数、细胞大小和细胞壁厚薄、皮层细胞大小和形状、中轴的有无以及比例等特征可以作为藓类植物的分科分类依据之一.     

Photoregulation of seed germination of wild-type and of an aurea-mutant of tomato

Seed germination of an aurea mutant of tomato ( Lycopersicon esculentum Mill.) is promoted by continuous irradiation with red, far-red or long-wavelength far-red (758 nm) light as well as by cyclic irradiations (5 min red or 5 min far-red/25 min darkness). Far-red light applied immediately after each red does not change the germination behaviour. Seed germination of the isogenic wild-type, cv. UC-105, is promoted by continuous and cyclic red light while it is inhibited by continuous and cyclic far-red light and by continious 758 nm irradiation. Far-red irradiation reverses almost completely the promoting effect of red light. The promoting effect (in the aurea mutant) and the inhibitory effect (in the wild-type) of continuous far-red light do not show photon fluence rate dependency above 20 nmol m⁻² s⁻¹. It is concluded that phytochrome controls tomato seed germination throgh low energy responses in both the wild type and the au mutant. The promoting effect of continuous and cyclic far-red light in the au mutant can be attributed to a greater sensitivity to P_fr.     

真菌类遗传学分析的知识结构教学

本文以认知结构理论为指导,讨论了真菌类遗传分析与高等动植物遗传分析的内在联系,认为利用这种内在联系进行教学可收到好的效果并说明了作者的具体教学过程。 Abstract:In the paper, the relationship between genetic analysis of Fungi and genetic analysis of high animal and plant was discussed.A good results were obtained when we adopted this method in the teaching.     

Cause of Senescence of Nine Sorts of Flowers

The levels of endogenous phytohormones and respiratory rate in nine sorts of flowers such as Cymbidium faberi Rolfe, Nopalxochia ackermannii Kunth and others were investigated both at full bloom and senescence and meanwhile the effect of exogenous phytohormones on prolonging the blossoms and promoting ethylene production were tested. There is a high content of endogenous ethylene in all the long-lived flowere, about 3–16 folds higer than the short-lived ones. There is a high level of ABA at full blooming flowers of short-lived flowers, in which there is no or only some cytokinins in it, but the ratio of CTK (6BA+zeatin)/ABA is smaller(l.7). The endogenous ABA reached a much higher level at senescence in all nine sorts of flowers, so it is reasonable to consider that it is ABA which plays an important role of regulation in controlling flower's senescence. There is a much higher level of GA3 and zeatin in the long-lived flowers which is not demonstrated in the shortlived ones. The respiratory rate is one of the factors controtling the longevity of flowers, but it does not play a decided role. Application of 6BA and zeatin prolongs distinctly orchid’s longevity, however exogenous IAA through the promotive action on ethylene production, evidently extends the longevity of the flowers of the Nopalxochia ackermannii Kunth.     

Interconnection of parameters of regulation system of lipid peroxidation and of morphophysiological parameters of mouse liver

A complex analysis of seasonal fluctuations of the mean group parameters of the system of regulation of lipid peroxidation has been performed in liver of Balb/c mice. Association of lipid characteristics and morphophysiological parameters is studied in the Balb/c mouse liver. An inter-connection is revealed between the liver index and the amount of lysoforms of phospholipids, the scale and character of the interconnection differing essentially depending on proportion of phos-phatidylcholine in mouse liver phospholipids.     

龙胆科药用植物化学成分的研究现状

龙胆科植物在我国的分布范围很广,且多数为药用植物,其多数种属的药用植物,至今其化学成分尚未被系统研究。综述了目前龙胆科药用植物的化学成分的研究现状及一般提取方法,对近年来发现的环烯醚萜及裂环烯醚萜类化合物进行了总结,为本科药用植物的更深入研究提供了参考。     

Physiological characteristics of various species of strains of carboxydobacteria

Seven strains of aerobic carbon monoxide-oxidizing bacteria (carboxydebacteria) when growing on CO as sole source of carbon and energy had doubling times which ranged from 12–42 h. The activity profiles obtained after discontinuous sucrose density gradient centrifugation indicated that the CO-oxidizing enzymes are soluble and the hydrogenases are membrane-bound in all strains examined. The CO-oxidizing enzymes of Pseudomonas carboxydohydrogena, Pseudomonas carboxydoflava, Comamonas compransoris, and the so far unidentified strains OM2, OM3, and OM4 had a molecular weight of 230,000; that of Achromobacter carboxydus amounted to 170,000. The molecular weights of the CO-oxidizing and H₂-oxidizing enzymes turned out to be identical. The cell sonicates were shown to catalyze the oxidation of both CO and H₂ with methylene blue, thionine, phenazine methosulfate, toluylene blue, dichlorophenolindophenol, cytochrome c or ferricyanide as electron acceptors. Methyl viologen, benzyl viologen, FAD⁺, FMN⁺, and NAD(P)⁺ were not reduced. The spectrum of electron acceptors was identical for all strains tested. Neither free formate, hydrogen nor oxygen gas were involved in the CO-oxidation reaction. Methylene blue was reduced by CO at a 1:1 molar ratio. The results indicate that CO-oxidation by carboxydobacteria is catalyzed by identical or similar enzymes and that the reaction obeys the equation CO+H₂OCO₂+2H⁺+2e^- as previously shown for Pseudomonas carboxydovorans.Dedicated to Otto Kandler remembering almost three decades of enjoyable cooperation     

Modulation of allostery of pyruvate kinase by shifting of an ensemble of microstates

Since the introduction of the concepts of allostery about four decades ago, much advancement has been made in elucidating the structure-function correlation in allostery. However, there are still a number of issues that remain unresolved. In this review we used mammalian pyruvate kinase (PK) as a model system to understand the role of protein dynamics in modulating cooperativity. PK has a triosephosphate isomerase (TIM)(α/β)₈ barrel structural motif. PK is an ideal system to address basic questions regarding regulatory mechanisms about this common (α/β)₈ structural motif. The simplest model accounting for all of the solution thermodynamic and kinetic data on ligand-enzyme interactions involves two conformational states, inactive E^T and active E^R. These conformational states are represented by domain movements. Further studies provide the first evidence for a differential effect of ligand binding on the dynamics of the structural elements, not major secondary structural changes. These data are consistent with our model that allosteric regulation of PK is the consequence of perturbation of the distribution of an ensemble of states in which the inactive E^T and active E^R represent the two extreme end states. Sequence differences and ligands can modulate the distribution of states leading to alterations of functions. The future work includes: defining the network of functionally connected residues; elucidating the chemical principles governing the sequence differences which affect functions; and probing the nature of mutations on the stability of the secondary structural elements, which in turn modulate allostery.