高通量与低通量血液透析对糖尿病肾病透析患者氧化应激、细胞免疫功能和微炎症状态的影响

目的:比较高通量与低通量血液透析对糖尿病肾病透析患者氧化应激、细胞免疫功能和微炎症状态的影响。方法:选择2011年1月~2017年1月在我院进行诊治的糖尿病肾病透析患者60例,随机分为对照组与观察组,每组各30例。对照组采用低通量血液透析治疗,观察组采用高通量血液透析治疗,两组每次血液透析的时间、透析液流速以及透析液成分均完全相同。比较两组血液透析前后的血清丙二醛、过氧化物歧化酶以及谷胱甘肽过氧化物酶等氧化应激指标,CD~+4、CD~+3、CD~+8以及CD~+4/CD~+8等细胞免疫功能指标,高敏C反应蛋白、白介素-6以及肿瘤坏死因子等微炎症状态指标。结果:治疗后,观察组血清过氧化物歧化酶、谷胱甘肽过氧化物酶、高敏C反应蛋白、白介素-6以及肿瘤坏死因子水平均明显低于对照组(P0.05),血清丙二醛、CD~+4、CD~+3以及CD~+4/CD~+8水平均明显高于对照组(P0.05)。结论:糖尿病肾病血液透析患者体内普遍存在不同程度的微炎症状态以及氧化应激状态,长期采用低通量血液透析会加重体内的炎性反应和氧化应激水平,而高通量血液透析能缓解炎性反应和氧化应激,并且有效改善患者的细胞免疫功能。     

血小板活化指标及血小板参数在乙肝肝硬化患者中的检测价值研究

目的:研究血小板活化指标及血小板参数在乙肝肝硬化患者中的检测价值。方法:选取2015年11月~2016年8月期间于本院进行诊治的40例乙肝肝硬化患者为观察组,同时期的40名体检结果为健康的人员为对照组,检测与比较两组同龄人员的血小板活化指标及血小板参数,并比较不同分期乙肝肝硬化患者的上述两方面检测结果。结果:观察组的PLT低于对照组,其他血小板参数及血小板活化指标均高于对照组,且不同分期乙肝肝硬化患者的上述两方面检测结果也存在明显差异,P均0.05,比较结果间均有显著性差异。结论:乙肝肝硬化患者的血小板活化指标及血小板参数表达明显异常,且不同肝硬化分期患者的表达水平也存在显著性差异,因此应加强对乙肝肝硬化患者上述指标的监测。     

糖尿病肾病患者血浆基质金属蛋白酶-2和同型半胱氨酸水平及其临床意义

目的:探讨糖尿病肾病患者血浆基质金属蛋白酶-2和同型半胱氨酸水平及其临床意义。方法:选取糖尿病患者71例,其中并发糖尿病肾病组(n=35)和未并发肾病组(n=36),同时选取健康人群40例为对照组。检测患者MMP-2、Hcy、MAU及Scr水平。结果:糖尿病肾病组、糖尿病无肾病组血浆MMP-2、Hcy及MAU水平均显著高于健康对照组(P0.01);与糖尿病无肾病组比较,糖尿病肾病组患者MMP-2、Hcy及MAU水平较高(P0.05);糖尿病肾病组患者的血浆SCr水平明显高于其他两组(P0.05)。糖尿病肾病患者血浆MMP-2与MAU呈显著正相关(r=0.522,P0.05),与Hcy呈显著负相关(r=-0.007,P0.05),与Scr不相关(P0.05);Hcy与MAU(r=0.012,P0.05)、Scr均(r=0.031,P0.05)呈正相关。结论:糖尿病肾病患者MMP-2水平降低,Hcy水平升高,有望作为糖尿病肾病患者的诊断和预后预测参考指标。     

α-硫辛酸对糖尿病肾病患者氧化应激, Hcy, CysC的影响

目的:探讨α-硫辛酸对糖尿病肾病患者的疗效及对氧化应激、同型半胱氨酸(homocysteine,Hcy)、血清胱抑素C(cystatin C,CysC)的影响。方法:将82例于我院进行治疗的2型糖尿病肾病患者随机分为观察组和对照组,对照组患者接受常规治疗,观察组患者在对照组的基础上加用α-硫辛酸。治疗时间均为2周。观察两组治疗效果并比较两组患者治疗前、后氧化应激指标超氧化物歧化酶(superoxide dismutase,SOD)、丙二醛(malondialdehyde,MDA)及Hcy、CysC水平变化。结果:治疗后,观察组氧化应激指标SOD水平均较治疗前显著升高(P0.05),MDA水平均较治疗前显著降低(P0.05),对照组氧化应激指标SOD及MDA水平与治疗前无明显差异(P0.05),两组治疗后SOD及MDA水平差异显著(P0.05);治疗后,观察组Hcy、CysC水平较治疗前显著降低(P0.05),对照组Hcy、CysC水平与治疗前无明显差异(P0.05),两组治疗后Hcy、CysC水平差异显著(P0.05)。结论:α-硫辛酸可缓解糖尿病肾病患者氧化应激状态,降低Hcy、CysC水平,改善患者肾功能。     

硫辛酸联合缬沙坦治疗早期糖尿病肾病的疗效及安全性分析

目的:探讨硫辛酸联合缬沙坦治疗早期糖尿病肾病的疗效及安全性。方法:选取了80例糖尿病肾病患者,按随机数字表法分为两组,对照组(39例)给予缬沙坦治疗,观察组(41例)给予缬沙坦和硫辛酸治疗。通过观察并记录患者治疗前后超敏C反应蛋白(hs-CRP),尿蛋白排泄率(UAER),尿β2微球蛋白(β2-MG),血清丙二醛(MDA),总抗氧化能力(T-AOC),超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)水平及治疗期间不良反应情况,评价硫辛酸联合缬沙坦治疗早期糖尿病肾病的疗效及安全性。结果:治疗前两组hs-CRP,UEAR,β2-MG差异无统计学意义(P0.05),经2个疗程药物治疗后两组各指标均明显降低。使用硫辛酸联合缬沙坦治疗的患者,治疗后上述指标降幅更明显(P0.05),治疗前,两组SOD、MDA、T-AOC水平差异无统计学意义(P0.05),治疗后两组SOD、T-AOC水平均显著增加,MDA水平显著降低(P0.05)。组间比较,观察组SOD、T-AOC水平高于对照组,MDA水平低于对照组(P0.05);治疗期间,两组不良反应率无统计学意义(P0.05)。结论:硫辛酸联合缬沙坦能显著减少糖尿病肾病患者尿蛋白水平,改善机体氧化应激状态,用药安全,值得临床推广使用。     

糖尿病肾病患者血清细胞外基质的变化及其临床意义

目的:探讨2型糖尿病患者血清细胞外基质(ECM)水平与糖尿病肾病(DN)之间的关系.方法:运用放射免疫法检测78例2型糖尿病患者和25名健康者的血清Ⅳ型胶原(cⅣ)、层粘蛋白(LN)、透明质酸(HA)3种ECM水平.实验分成对照组、非糖尿病肾病组(NDN组)、糖尿病肾病组(DN组)(又分为微量白蛋白尿MA组、临床肾病CDN组).用直线相关分析糖尿病患者血清cⅣ、LN、HA与其它临床指标之间的相关关系.结果:DN组和NDN组的血清cⅣ、LN水平与对照组间差异有显著性意义,DN组的血清cⅣ、LN水平与NDN组间差异有显著性意义(P<0.01).DN患者进一步分组后,CDN组的血清cⅣ、LN水平与MA组间差异有显著性意义(P<0.05 o糖尿病惠者血清cⅣ、LN水平均分别与空腹血糖(FPG)、舒张压和病程呈正相关.结论:2型糖尿病患者血清cⅣ、LN水平高于正常人,而且与DN的发生、发展有密切的关系.     

补充益生菌对老年糖尿病肾病患者疾病进展风险的影响

目的探讨补充益生菌对老年糖尿病肾病患者疾病进展风险的影响。方法选取我院2016年2月至2017年3月老年糖尿病肾病患者90例,按随机数字表法分为对照组(n=45)和益生菌组(n=45),对照组予以常规治疗,益生菌组在对照组的治疗基础上补充益生菌。比较两组患者治疗前后的血糖控制、血脂、肾功能指标、相关炎症及应激反应因子的水平,随访24个月,比较两组患者糖尿病肾病进展情况,应用Cox回归分析探讨老年糖尿病肾病患者疾病进展的相关影响因素。结果治疗前,比较两组患者血糖控制、血脂、肾功能指标和相关氧化应激反应的水平,差异均无统计学意义(均P0.05)。治疗后,益生菌组患者空腹血糖、餐后2 h血糖、低密度脂蛋白胆固醇(LDL-C)、糖化血红蛋白(HbA1c)、血肌酐(Scr)、血尿素氮(BUN)、胱抑素C(Cys C)、24 h尿蛋白水平明显低于对照组(均P0.05),高密度脂蛋白胆固醇(HDL-C)水平明显高于对照组(P0.001)。两组患者的炎症及应激反应因子水平较治疗前明显降低,其中益生菌组C-反应蛋白(CRP)、丙二醛(MDA)水平明显低于对照组(均P0.05);谷胱甘肽过氧化物酶(GSH-PX)、一氧化氮(NO)、总抗氧化能力(TAC)明显高于对照组(均P0.05)。益生菌组的进展率为40.0%,明显低于对照组的57.8%(P0.05)。Cox回归分析显示,补充益生菌、24 h尿蛋白1.5 g、HbA1c、Cys C是老年性糖尿病肾病患者疾病进展的风险因素(均P0.05)。结论补充益生菌能明显改善老年糖尿病肾病患者的血糖、血脂状况和肾功能,降低炎症反应水平,显著降低老年糖尿病肾病患者的疾病进展风险。     

黄龙红蛭汤联合缬沙坦氢氯噻嗪片治疗糖尿病肾病临床疗效观察

目的:探讨黄龙红蛭汤联合缬沙坦氢氯噻嗪片治疗糖尿病肾病临床疗效观察。方法:选取某院2014年6月~2015年6月收治的100例脑出血后急性脑水肿糖尿病肾病患者作为研究对象,在征得患者知情同意下随机分为对照组及研究组各50例,对照组采取格列喹酮联合氟伐他江进行治疗,研究组接受黄龙红蛭汤联合缬沙坦氢氯噻嗪片治疗,比较两组患者临床疗效。结果:研究组总有效率明显高于对照组的总有效率。差异具有统计学意义(P0.05)。研究组的各项指标均低于对照组的各项指标,差异具有统计学意义(P0.05)结论:黄龙红蛭汤联合缬沙坦氢氯噻嗪片治疗糖尿病肾病效果确切,可以作为首选方案加以推广使用。     

厄贝沙坦对早期糖尿病肾病患者血清hs-CRP、TNF-α、ET及Hcy水平的影响

目的:探讨厄贝沙坦治疗对早期糖尿病肾病患者血清超敏C反应蛋白(hs-CRP)、肿瘤坏死因子-α(TNF-α)、内皮素(ET)及同型半胱氨酸(Hcy)水平的影响。方法:入选符合纳入标准的早期糖尿病肾病患者82例,按照随机抽签的方法分为对照组和观察组,每组各41例。对照组在指导患者饮食、合理运动的基础上给予降糖、降压治疗、改善贫血、保证酸碱平衡等,观察组在对照组基础上联合厄贝沙坦治疗。检测两组患者治疗前后血脂指标:甘油三酯(TG)、总胆固醇(TC)、低密度脂蛋白胆固醇(LDL-C)、高密度脂蛋白胆固醇(HDL-C);肾功能各项指标:尿素氮(BUN)、血肌酐(SCr)、胱抑素-C(CysC)、24 h尿蛋白定量(24 h UP)以及血清超敏C反应蛋白(hs-CRP)、肿瘤坏死因子-α(TNF-α)、内皮素(ET)及同型半胱氨酸(Hcy)水平的变化。结果:治疗前,两组血脂指标、肾功能指标、血清hs-CRP、TNF-α、ET及Hcy水平比较差异无统计学意义(P0.05)。与治疗前相比,两组患者治疗后血清TC、TG、LDL-C、BUN、SCr、CysC、24h UP、hs-CRP、TNF-α、ET及Hcy水平均显著降低,且观察组以上指标均明显低于对照组(P0.05);而两组血清HDL-C均明显升高,且观察组显著高于对照组(P0.05)。结论:厄贝沙坦用于治疗早期糖尿病肾病可更有效改善患者血脂水平、降低血清hs-CRP、TNF-α、ET及Hcy水平,进而保护患者肾功能。     

生化检验指标在糖尿病诊断中的临床价值观察

目的:在对糖尿病患者的临床诊断中应用生化指标检测的方式,并对其临床的应用效果进行观察。方法:选择120例在我院进行治疗的糖尿病患者,设为观察组,另选120例体检的健康志愿者,设为对照组,对所有参与研究的样本进行血清甘油三酯、空腹血糖以及2h糖耐受的检验,并对两组数据进行分析与对比。结果:观察组患者三方面的指标均出现明显的升高,显著高于对照组(P0.05)。结论:在对糖尿病患者的临床诊断中应用生化指标检测发的方式具有着十分显著的临床效果,以其痛苦程度小、过程简单、检测费用少以及结果快的优点值得在临床中进行广泛应用并推广。     

六种藓类植物茎的比较解剖学研究

通过对6种藓类植物,即褶叶青藓(Brachythecium salebrosum(Web.et Mohr.)B.S.G.)、湿地匐灯藓(Plagiomnium acutum(Lindb.)Kop.)、侧枝匐灯藓(Plagiomnium maximoviczii(Lindb.)Kop.)、大凤尾藓(Fissidensnobilis Griff.)、大羽藓(Thuidium cymbifolium(Doz.et Molk.)B.S.G.)和大灰藓(Hypnum plumaeforme Wils.)嫩茎和老茎的石蜡切片和显微观察发现,同一藓类植株的嫩茎和老茎,茎结构稳定,不同种藓类植物茎横切面具有不同特征.植物体茎横切面形状、表层细胞的层数、细胞大小和细胞壁厚薄、皮层细胞大小和形状、中轴的有无以及比例等特征可以作为藓类植物的分科分类依据之一.     

Cause of Senescence of Nine Sorts of Flowers

The levels of endogenous phytohormones and respiratory rate in nine sorts of flowers such as Cymbidium faberi Rolfe, Nopalxochia ackermannii Kunth and others were investigated both at full bloom and senescence and meanwhile the effect of exogenous phytohormones on prolonging the blossoms and promoting ethylene production were tested. There is a high content of endogenous ethylene in all the long-lived flowere, about 3–16 folds higer than the short-lived ones. There is a high level of ABA at full blooming flowers of short-lived flowers, in which there is no or only some cytokinins in it, but the ratio of CTK (6BA+zeatin)/ABA is smaller(l.7). The endogenous ABA reached a much higher level at senescence in all nine sorts of flowers, so it is reasonable to consider that it is ABA which plays an important role of regulation in controlling flower's senescence. There is a much higher level of GA3 and zeatin in the long-lived flowers which is not demonstrated in the shortlived ones. The respiratory rate is one of the factors controtling the longevity of flowers, but it does not play a decided role. Application of 6BA and zeatin prolongs distinctly orchid’s longevity, however exogenous IAA through the promotive action on ethylene production, evidently extends the longevity of the flowers of the Nopalxochia ackermannii Kunth.     

龙胆科药用植物化学成分的研究现状

龙胆科植物在我国的分布范围很广,且多数为药用植物,其多数种属的药用植物,至今其化学成分尚未被系统研究。综述了目前龙胆科药用植物的化学成分的研究现状及一般提取方法,对近年来发现的环烯醚萜及裂环烯醚萜类化合物进行了总结,为本科药用植物的更深入研究提供了参考。     

The effects of glutamine of the maintenance of embryogenic cultures of Cryptomeria japonica

Summary Embryogenic tissues of sugi (Cryptomeria japonica) were induced on a modified Campbell and Durzan (CD) medium containing 1 μM 2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid (2,4-D) and 600 mg l⁻¹ glutamine, and subcultured in the medium of the same composition for over 1 yr. This resulted in a mixed culture of embryogenic and non-embryogenic cells. When embryogenic cells were isolated and cultured independently, their capacity to form embryogenic aggregates was lost. Thus, the non-embryogenic cells present within a mixed culture system were essential to the formation of embryogenic aggregates. When embryogenic tissues were isolated and cultured independently on a high glutamine-containing (2400 mg l⁻¹) medium, dry weights and endogenous levels of glutamine increased, and the tissue could generate a large number of embryogenic aggregates. Amino acid analysis of embryogenic and non-embryogenic cells from the maintenance culture indicated a higher level of glutamine was present in the latter. The high endogenous level of glutamine in the non-embryogenic portion of mixed cell masses may be the supplier of glutamine for maintaining the embryogenic property of the tissues.     

Specificity of action of piperidylcholine derivatives as substrates of cholinesterases of various origin

The review deals with study of enzymologic properties of a novel highly specific acetylcholinesterase substrate, N-(β-acetoxyethyl) piperidinium iodomethylate (“piperidylcholine”), and its 30 derivatives that were tested as effectors of cholinesterases of mammals and various species of Pacific squids. It was proven for the first time that responsible for specificity of action was structure of cyclic ammonium grouping of the alcohol part of molecule of the ester substrate. Analysis of specificity is performed based on enzymatic hydrolysis parameters—activity of catalytic center of cholinesterases and bimolecular constant of the reaction rate that are determined at optimal and low substrate concentrations. Among the specially synthesized group of thioester compounds there is revealed one more highly specific acetylcholinesterase substrate—N-(β-acetoxyethyl) piperidinium.     

真菌类遗传学分析的知识结构教学

本文以认知结构理论为指导,讨论了真菌类遗传分析与高等动植物遗传分析的内在联系,认为利用这种内在联系进行教学可收到好的效果并说明了作者的具体教学过程。 Abstract:In the paper, the relationship between genetic analysis of Fungi and genetic analysis of high animal and plant was discussed.A good results were obtained when we adopted this method in the teaching.     

The mechanism of hatching of eggs of Haemonchus contortus

Fluid collected from hatching eggs of Haemonchus contortus contained a lipase which hydrolysed 2-naphthyl laurate (about 0·7 μmol naphthol freed /h/10⁶ eggs). The fluid also hydrolysed l-leucinamide (about 2·3 μmol leucine freed/h/10⁶ eggs). The fluid when added to normal or heated eggs caused ‘hatching’. ‘Hatching’ also occurred in exsheathing fluid from infective juveniles and in a preparation of pancreatic lipase containing leucine aminopeptidase. A purified mammalian leucine aminopeptidase in combination with several different lipases did not attack egg shells.The ‘spontaneous’ hatching of eggs of H. contortus was strongly inhibited by 1,10-phenanthroline, 10^?3M, and this inhibition was reversed by Zn²⁺. However, the inhibition of ‘hatching’ of eggs in externally applied hatching fluid, or the hydrolysis of leucinamide in hatching fluid was generally less marked.     

Photoregulation of seed germination of wild-type and of an aurea-mutant of tomato

Seed germination of an aurea mutant of tomato ( Lycopersicon esculentum Mill.) is promoted by continuous irradiation with red, far-red or long-wavelength far-red (758 nm) light as well as by cyclic irradiations (5 min red or 5 min far-red/25 min darkness). Far-red light applied immediately after each red does not change the germination behaviour. Seed germination of the isogenic wild-type, cv. UC-105, is promoted by continuous and cyclic red light while it is inhibited by continuous and cyclic far-red light and by continious 758 nm irradiation. Far-red irradiation reverses almost completely the promoting effect of red light. The promoting effect (in the aurea mutant) and the inhibitory effect (in the wild-type) of continuous far-red light do not show photon fluence rate dependency above 20 nmol m⁻² s⁻¹. It is concluded that phytochrome controls tomato seed germination throgh low energy responses in both the wild type and the au mutant. The promoting effect of continuous and cyclic far-red light in the au mutant can be attributed to a greater sensitivity to P_fr.