轮状病毒感染性腹泻患儿血清CRP、心肌酶谱、肝功能的检测意义

目的:探究轮状病毒感染性腹泻患儿血清C反应蛋白(CRP)、心肌酶谱、肝功能指标的检测意义。方法:选择2014年1月~2016年5月我院收治的110例轮状病毒感染致腹泻患儿及同期收治的85例细菌感染性腹泻患儿为研究对象,另外选择20名同期于我院体检的年龄、性别相匹配的健康幼儿为对照。比较三组人群血清C反应蛋白、白介素6、肌钙蛋白(hs-c Tn T)、肌酸激酶(CK)、同工酶(CL-MB)、门冬氨酸氨基转移酶(AST)、丙氨酸氨基转移酶(ALT)水平的差异及轮状病毒感染致腹泻患儿外损伤的发生情况。结果:轮状病毒感染(RV)组患儿下呼吸道感染、皮疹、心肌损伤以及肝功能损伤的发生率均显著高于细菌感染组(P0.05);RV组和细菌感染组组患儿的血清CRP、IL-6水平均显著高于健康对照组,RV组患儿的上述指标显著低于细菌感染组(P0.05);RV组患者肌钙蛋白(hs-c Tn T)、肌酸激酶(CK)、同工酶(CL-MB)、门冬氨酸氨基转移酶(AST)、丙氨酸氨基转移酶(ALT)水平均显著高于细菌感染组及健康对照组患儿(P0.05),细菌感染组患儿上述指标与健康对照组比较,差异无统计学意义(P0.05)。结论:血清CRP、心肌酶谱、肝功能指标联合检测对于早期轮状病毒感染性腹泻与细菌感染性腹泻的鉴别诊断有一定的参考价值。     

蒙脱石散联合止泻保童颗粒对腹泻患儿血清CRP水平及心肌酶谱的影响

目的:研究蒙脱石散联合止泻保童颗粒对腹泻患儿血清C反应蛋白(CRP)及心肌酶谱水平的影响。方法:回顾性分析2012年7月至2013年6月在本院进行治疗的腹泻患儿,39例采取蒙脱石散治疗(对照组),39例采取蒙脱石散联合止泻保童颗粒治疗(观察组)。比较两组患儿有关症状改善时间和临床疗效,分析两组患儿治疗前后血清CRP及心肌酶谱水平。结果:治疗后,观察组总有效率显著高于对照组(P0.05),血清CRP、谷丙转氨酶(ALT)、乳酸脱氢酶(LDH)、肌酸激酶(CK)、谷草转氨酶(AST)、肌酸激酶同工酶(CK-MB)水平均显著低于对照组(P0.05),止泻时间、大便恢复至正常时间、退热时间显著短于对照组(P0.05)。结论:腹泻患儿经蒙脱石散联合止泻保童颗粒治疗较单用蒙脱石散能更有效降低患儿血清CRP水平,改善患儿的心肌酶谱水平,患儿的临床症状可快速恢复,临床疗效更好。     

血清心肌酶谱及cTnI对新生儿缺氧缺血性脑病的诊断价值

目的:研究血清心肌酶谱及心肌肌钙蛋白I(c Tn I)对新生儿缺氧缺血性脑病的诊断价值。方法:选取2012年11月到2014年11月我院收治的新生儿缺氧缺血性脑病患儿70例(研究组),另选同期健康新生儿70例(对照组),采用生化仪检测入选者血清心肌酶谱,应用化学发光法检测血清c Tn I,比较两组血清心肌酶谱和c Tn I水平。结果:研究组肌酸激酶(CK)、天门冬氨酸氨基转移酶(AST)、肌酸激酶同工酶(CK-MB)、a-羟丁酸脱氢酶(HBDH)、乳酸脱氢酶(LDH)均显著高于对照组,两组比较差异具有统计学意义(P0.05);研究组c Tn I水平显著高于对照组,两组比较差异具有统计学意义(P0.05);CK-MB检测灵敏度最高,c Tn I检测的特异性最高。结论:血清心肌酶谱及c Tn I对新生儿缺氧缺血性脑病具有重要的诊断价值,为临床治疗提供一定依据。     

急性脑梗死患者血清心肌酶学变化的临床意义及相关危险因素分析

目的:探讨急性脑梗死患者血清心肌酶学变化与预后的关系及导致急性脑梗死患者心肌酶学变化的相关危险因素。方法:回顾性分析临床及影像资料齐全且确诊的140例急性脑梗死患者(发病14天内),根据有无血清心肌酶学升高分为血清心肌酶学升高的急性脑梗死组A组(43例),血清心肌酶学正常的急性脑梗死组B组(97例),应用美国国立卫生研究院卒中量表评分(NIHSS)比较两组神经功能缺损情况,并对两组病人血清心肌酶学(包括天冬氨酸氨基转移酶(AST)、肌酸激酶(CK)、肌酸激酶同工酶(CK-MB)、乳酸脱氢酶(LDH)、血糖、血脂、纤维蛋白原和血压等结果进行分析。结果:A组(31%)患者血清心肌酶学均增高,与B组比较均有显著性差异(P<0.01);发病后1天A、B两组患者临床神经功能缺损程度评分无显著性差异,发病后4、8、10天A、B两组患者临床神经功能缺损程度评分有显著性差异(P<0.01);A组高血压、糖尿病与B组比较有显著性差异(P<0.05);而血脂及纤维蛋白原两组比较无显著性差异。结论:急性脑梗死患者血清心肌酶学升高者预后不良;高血压、糖尿病是急性脑梗死患者血清心肌酶学升高的相关危险因素。     

灯盏花素注射液对病毒性心肌炎临床疗效具有促进作用

为探讨磷酸肌酸与灯盏花素注射液联合治疗病毒性心肌炎(viral myocarditis, VMC)的临床治疗效果及其潜在分子机制,本研究将108例VMC患者随机分为两组,对照组和治疗组,每组均54例。对照组在给予常规对症治疗的基础上加磷酸肌酸;治疗组在对照组的基础上给予灯盏花素注射液,4周为一个疗程。采用试剂盒检测治疗前后患者血清中肌酸激酶(creatine kinase, CK)、磷酸肌酸激酶(creatine phosphate kinase,CPK)、磷酸肌酸激酶同工酶(creatine kinase-myocardial band, CK-MB)和天冬氨酸转氨酶(aspartate transaminase,AST)的水平,检测炎症因子肿瘤坏死因子α(tumor necrosis factor, TNF-α)、白细胞介素6 (interleukin-6,IL-6)和白细胞介素8 (interleukin-8, IL-8)以及超氧化物歧化酶(superoxide dismutase, SOD)的水平。结果显示,治疗4周后,治疗组的总有效率显著高于对照组(p0.05);两组患者血清中CK、CPK、CK-MB及AST水平均显著下降(p0.05),TNF-α、IL-6和IL-8的水平均显著下降(p0.05),SOD水平显著上升(p0.05),其中治疗组的变化幅度更为明显,说明磷酸肌酸联合灯盏花素注射液治疗VMC具有较好的疗效,可能与降低炎症因子TNF-α、IL-6和IL-8,增加SOD活性有关。     

心脏晶体停搏液和冷血停搏液不同灌注方法对心肌保护的评价

目的：评估二种心脏停搏液不同灌注方法对心肌保护作用。方法：30例双瓣患者随机分为冷晶体停搏液间断灌注组(n=10),冷血停搏液间断灌注组(n=10),冷血停搏液持续灌注组(n=10),观察血浆心肌肌钙蛋白T(CnT)、肌酸激酶(CK)、肌酸激酶同工酶(CK—MB)。结果：体外循环后冷晶体停搏液间断灌注组血浆心肌肌钙蛋白T和肌酸激酶、肌酶激酶同工酶较其他2组明显增高;冷血停搏液间断灌注组和冷血停搏液持续灌注组血浆心肌肌钙蛋白T、肌酸激酶、肌酸激酶同工酶无明显差异。结论：冷血停搏液的心肌保护优于冷晶体停搏液,冷血停搏液间断灌注与持续灌注没有明显差异。     

姜黄素灌胃对糖尿病大鼠心肌酶和氧化指标的影响

目的:探讨姜黄素灌胃对糖尿病心脏病变大鼠心肌酶和氧化指标的影响。方法:将成年雄性SD大鼠随机分为对照组、糖尿病组、姜黄素治疗2周组与姜黄素治疗4周组。取心室肌组织匀浆分别检测心肌酶、超氧化物歧化酶(Superoxide dismutase,SOD)和丙二醛(Malondialdehyde,MDA)的含量。结果:糖尿病组与对照组比较,心肌酶天冬氨酸氨基转移酶(Aspartate transaminase,AST)、乳酸脱氢酶(Lactic dehydrogenase,LDH)、肌酸激酶(Creatinekinase,CK)、肌酸激酶同工酶(Creatine kinase isoenzyme-MB,CK-MB)均增高(P0.01)。心肌氧化代谢产物MDA含量升高(P0.01),抗氧化损伤的SOD含量降低(P0.01);姜黄素治疗组与糖尿病组相比,各心肌酶含量有所下降,治疗4周组有明显统计学差异(P0.01)。同时心肌SOD和MDA含量在治疗组均有显著改善(P0.05或P0.01),治疗4周组心肌组织SOD含量较2周组明显升高(P0.05)。结论:姜黄素灌胃可以减轻糖尿病大鼠心肌损伤,提高抗氧化能力。     

“深层海水”对小鼠耐受力的影响

本文将90只条件相同小鼠随机分成3组,A组服90 ppm(mg/mL)深层海水,B组服45 ppm深层海水,C组服自来水,均自由饮用30 d,第31 d时行耐缺氧实验、游泳耐力实验,断头采血,测定血细胞、肝肾功能及各种酶的变化。结果表明,在相同的饲养条件下三组体重无明显改变。A、B组比C组小鼠力竭游泳时间及耐缺氧时间显著延长(P<0.05),耗氧量显著减少(P<0.05),天冬氨酸氨基转移酶、肌酸激酶、肌酸肌酶同工酶降低,有显著差别(P<0.05),血常规、肝肾功能、电解质无显著性差异。因而,深层海水能改善酶的功能,减少小鼠的耗氧量,能明显增强小鼠的耐受力。     

心肌损害标志物的评价及应用策略

根据血清中有关酶（如：天门冬氨酸氨基转移酶(AST)、乳酸脱氢酶(LD)、肌酸激酶及其同工酶(CK-MB)）活性的变化来诊断急性心肌梗塞（AMI）已有多年的历史.近年来,一些蛋白质标志物,如：CK-MB质量,心肌肌红蛋白,心肌肌钙蛋白（cTn）也已逐渐应用于临床诊断.其中心肌肌红蛋白是一项良好的排除心肌梗塞的指标,而心肌肌钙蛋白则是很好的确证指标.CK-MB质量的分析性能高于其活性测定.蛋白质标志物分析还可用于冠心病的危险分级及监测治疗.血清酶分析由于价廉、方法成熟,也不失为有效的AMI辅助诊断指标.需特别注意标本采集时间对结果应用的影响.     

急性脑梗死患者血清心肌酶学变化的临床意义及相关危险因素分析

目的：探讨急性脑梗死患者血清心肌酶学变化与预后的关系及导致急性脑梗死患者心肌酶学变化的相关危险因素。方法：回顾性分析临床及影像资料齐全且确诊的140例急性脑梗死患者（发病14天内）,根据有无血清心肌酶学升高分为血清心肌酶学升高的急性脑梗死组A组（43例）,血清心肌酶学正常的急性脑梗死组B组（97例）,应用美国国立卫生研究院卒中量表评分（NIHSS）比较两组神经功能缺损情况,并对两组病人血清心肌酶学（包括天冬氨酸氨基转移酶（AST）、肌酸激酶（CK）、肌酸激酶同工酶（CK-MB）、乳酸脱氢酶（LDH）、血糖、血脂、纤维蛋白原和血压等结果进行分析。结果：A组（31%）患者血清心肌酶学均增高,与B组比较均有显著性差异（P〈0.01）;发病后1天A、B两组患者临床神经功能缺损程度评分无显著性差异,发病后4、8、10天A、B两组患者临床神经功能缺损程度评分有显著性差异（P〈0.01）;A组高血压、糖尿病与B组比较有显著性差异（P〈0.05）;而血脂及纤维蛋白原两组比较无显著性差异。结论：急性脑梗死患者血清心肌酶学升高者预后不良;高血压、糖尿病是急性脑梗死患者血清心肌酶学升高的相关危险因素。     

Detection of hypothyroid myopathy by measurement of various serum muscle markers--myoglobin, creatine kinase, lactate dehydrogenase and their isoenzymes. Correlations with thyroid hormone levels (free and total) and clinical usefulness

An accurate and close follow-up of serum levels of thyroid hormones and various muscle markers (myoglobin, creatine kinase and its isoenzymes CK-MB and CK-BB, lactic dehydrogenase, alpha-hydroxybutyric dehydrogenase, etc.) was carried out in 10 hypothyroid patients on replacement therapy. The main muscle markers, creatine kinase and myoglobin, were elevated respectively in 9 and 6 subjects. In 1 male significant CK-MB traces were measured, while in 1 woman significant CK-BB amounts were assayed. Significant correlations between patients' thyroid hormones and the levels of the muscle parameters were found. The rate of normalization of thyroid hormones and muscle markers in relation to replacement therapy was also studied. Myoglobin and creatine kinase have proved to be the best indicators of the hypothyroid myopathy, since they are sensitive for the early detection of muscle involvement due to the metabolic disorder and are closely correlated to the metabolic conditions of patients.     

Electrolyte and plasma enzyme analyses during large-volume liposuction

Substantial fluid shifts occur during liposuction as wetting solution is infiltrated subcutaneously and fat is evacuated, causing potential electrolyte imbalances. In the porcine model for large-volume liposuction, plasma aspartate aminotransferase and alanine transaminase levels were elevated following liposuction. These results raised concerns for possible mechanical injury and/or lidocaine-induced hepatocellular toxicity in a clinical setting. The first objective of this human model study was to explore the effect of the liposuction procedure on electrolyte balance. The second objective was to determine whether elevated plasma aminotransferase levels were observed subsequent to large-volume liposuction. Five female volunteers underwent three-stage, ultrasound-assisted liposuction. Blood samples were collected perioperatively. Plasma levels of sodium, potassium, venous carbon dioxide, blood urea nitrogen, chloride, and creatinine were determined. Liver function analyte levels were measured, including albumin, total protein, aspartate aminotransferase, and alanine transaminase, alkaline phosphatase, gamma-glutamyl transpeptidase, and total bilirubin. To further define intracellular enzyme release, creatine kinase levels were measured. Mild hyponatremia was evident postoperatively (134 to 136 mmol/liter) in four patients. Hypokalemia was evident intraoperatively in all subjects (mean +/- SEM; 3.3 +/- 0.16 mmol/liter; range, 3.0 to 3.4 mmol/liter). Hypoalbuminemia and hypoproteinemia were observed throughout the study (baseline: 2.9 +/- 0.2 g/dl; range, 2.6 to 3.5 g/dl), decreasing to 10 to 40 percent 24 hours postoperatively (2.0 +/- 0.2 g/dl; range, 1.7 to 2.1 g/dl). Aspartate aminotransferase, alanine transaminase, and creatine kinase levels were significantly elevated after the procedure (190 +/- 47.1 U/liter, 50 +/- 7.7 U/liter, and 11,219 +/- 2556.7 U/liter, respectively) (p < 0.01). Release of antidiuretic hormone and even mildly hypotonic intravenous fluid infiltration have long been known to cause hyponatremia postoperatively. Intraoperative hypokalemia is associated with hypocarbia and respiratory alkalosis and the elevated epinephrine levels observed in the concurrent study. Factors having the greatest initial impact on diminished serum albumin and protein levels postoperatively are redistribution and hemodilution. Subsequent diminished viscosity may significantly affect postoperative hemodynamics. Elevated aspartate aminotransferase, alanine transaminase, and creatine kinase levels are associated with skeletal muscle injury, adipocyte lysis, and/or hepatic damage. Therefore, tissue injury is associated with large-volume liposuction as observed in several cellularly released enzymes. Future clinical studies are required to determine the degree of injury and specific tissues that are damaged or sensitive to mechanical trauma and/or drugs used in large-volume liposuction.     

Baseline serum levels of cardiac biomarkers in patients with stable coronary artery disease

Stable coronary artery disease (CAD) can cause repetitive reversible myocardial ischaemia, and it seems to be possible that reversibly injured myocardium releases small amounts of soluble cytoplasmic proteins. Hence, the aim was to evaluate the effect of stable CAD on baseline serum levels of cardiac biomarkers. We studied 68 consecutive outpatients referred for gated myocardial perfusion imaging. Before a treadmill exercise test, blood samples for measurement of creatine kinase (CK), CK-myocardial band (CK-MB) mass, myoglobin, aspartate aminotransferase (AST) and lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) were collected. Normal perfusion patterns were detected in 29 (43%) patients (group 1) and perfusion defects were detected in 39 (57%) patients (group 2). Baseline serum levels of biomarkers except CK were significantly higher in group 2 (p=0.001). Stable CAD increases baseline levels of CK-MB mass, myoglobin, AST and LDH in the serum and this increase is related to the extent and severity of the perfusion defect and to some extent the ejection fraction of the left ventricle.     

Muscle damage and its relationship with muscle fatigue during a half-iron triathlon

Background

To investigate the cause/s of muscle fatigue experienced during a half-iron distance triathlon.

Methodology/Principal Findings

We recruited 25 trained triathletes (36±7 yr; 75.1±9.8 kg) for the study. Before and just after the race, jump height and leg muscle power output were measured during a countermovement jump on a force platform to determine leg muscle fatigue. Body weight, handgrip maximal force and blood and urine samples were also obtained before and after the race. Blood myoglobin and creatine kinase concentrations were determined as markers of muscle damage.

Results

Jump height (from 30.3±5.0 to 23.4±6.4 cm; P<0.05) and leg power output (from 25.6±2.9 to 20.7±4.6 W · kg⁻¹; P<0.05) were significantly reduced after the race. However, handgrip maximal force was unaffected by the race (430±59 to 430±62 N). Mean dehydration after the race was 2.3±1.2% with high inter-individual variability in the responses. Blood myoglobin and creatine kinase concentration increased to 516±248 µg · L⁻¹ and 442±204 U · L⁻¹, respectively (P<0.05) after the race. Pre- to post-race jump change did not correlate with dehydration (r = 0.16; P>0.05) but significantly correlated with myoglobin concentration (r = 0.65; P<0.001) and creatine kinase concentration (r = 0.54; P<0.001).

Conclusions/significance

During a half-iron distance triathlon, the capacity of leg muscles to produce force was notably diminished while arm muscle force output remained unaffected. Leg muscle fatigue was correlated with blood markers of muscle damage suggesting that muscle breakdown is one of the most relevant sources of muscle fatigue during a triathlon.     

Comparison of the Efficacies and Safety of Combined Therapy between Telbivudine Plus Adefovir and Lamivudine Plus Adefovir in Patients with Hepatitis B Virus Infection in Real-World Practice

MethodsThis study enrolled a total of 171 patients (110 patients received LAM+ADV and 60 patients received LdT+ADV). We analyzed the changes in renal function using the estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR). The DNA undetectable rate, hepatitis B e antigen (HBeAg) seroconversion rate, and alanine aminotransferase (ALT) normalization rate were analyzed. We checked the serum uric acid, phosphate and creatine kinase, and lactic acid levels to analyze safety. We observed these patients for 48 to 240 weeks and checked their serum profile every 6 months.ResultsThere was no statistically significant difference between the two groups in anti-hepatitis B virus (HBV) efficacy in terms of DNA undetectable rate, ALT normalization rate, and HBeAg seroconversion rate. Both the LAM+ADV and LdT+ADV groups had stable or improved renal function. However, a higher eGFR was found in the LdT+ADV group with continuous serum fluctuation during 3 years of combined therapy as well as a higher serum creatine kinase level.ConclusionsLong-term LdT+ADV combined therapy and LAM+ADV combined therapy were both associated with stable or improved renal function. The clinical efficacy was similar between the two groups, but the LdT group had a higher serum creatine kinase level. We need to monitor the data regularly in clinical practice.     

Creatine Kinase Elevation,Lactacidemia, and Metabolic Myopathy in Adult Patients with Diabetes Mellitus

ObjectiveTo determine the frequency of elevated creatine kinase (CK) levels among patients with diabetes mellitus and to determine how often elevated CK is attributable to primary myopathy.MethodsIn this prospective study, we investigated how often CK, aspartate aminotransferase, alanine aminotransferase, and resting lactate were elevated among consecutive diabetic patients attending our clinic. Those with elevated CK values were offered a neurologic workup.ResultsNinety-nine patients with diabetes mellitus, aged 19 to 87 years, were assessed between May 2008 and April 2010. Seven patients had type 1 diabetes and 92 patients had type 2 diabetes. CK, aspartate aminotransferase, alanine aminotransferase, and resting lactate were elevated in 19 of 99, 25 of 99, 22 of 99, and 24 of 98 patients, respectively. Eleven of 19 patients with increased CK were self-injecting insulin. Ten of 24 patients with elevated serum lactate took metformin. Seven of 19 patients with elevated CK consented to neurologic workup. Two of the 7 had elevated resting lactate. In all 7 patients, the findings from neurologic investigation were indicative of a metabolic defect and further diagnostic evaluation was recommended.ConclusionsIn diabetic patients attending our clinic, elevated CK levels occur in one-fifth and lactacidemia occurs in one-quarter. Elevated CK levels are attributable to a primary metabolic myopathy in most cases. Elevated CK levels in the setting of diabetes mellitus require further neurologic evaluation. (Endocr Pract. 2012;18:387-393)     

Baseline serum levels of cardiac biomarkers in patients with stable coronary artery disease

Stable coronary artery disease (CAD) can cause repetitive reversible myocardial ischaemia, and it seems to be possible that reversibly injured myocardium releases small amounts of soluble cytoplasmic proteins. Hence, the aim was to evaluate the effect of stable CAD on baseline serum levels of cardiac biomarkers. We studied 68 consecutive outpatients referred for gated myocardial perfusion imaging. Before a treadmill exercise test, blood samples for measurement of creatine kinase (CK), CK-myocardial band (CK-MB) mass, myoglobin, aspartate aminotransferase (AST) and lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) were collected. Normal perfusion patterns were detected in 29 (43%) patients (group 1) and perfusion defects were detected in 39 (57%) patients (group 2). Baseline serum levels of biomarkers except CK were significantly higher in group 2 (p=0.001). Stable CAD increases baseline levels of CK-MB mass, myoglobin, AST and LDH in the serum and this increase is related to the extent and severity of the perfusion defect and to some extent the ejection fraction of the left ventricle.     

Combination of carvacrol with simvastatin improves the lipid‐lowering efficacy and alleviates simvastatin side effects

The present investigation was designed to examine the possible additive hypolipidemic effect of carvacrol (CARV) in combination with simvastatin (SIM) on poloxamer 407 (P407)‐induced hyperlipidemia. Rats were injected with P407, (500 mg/ kg; i.p.), twice a week, for 30 days. Treatment was carried out by administration of SIM (20 mg/kg/day; p.o.) or CARV (50 mg/kg/day; p.o.) or combination of them. Treatment with CARV significantly decreased total cholesterol, triglycerides, low‐density lipoprotein, atherogenic index, leptin, and increased high‐density lipoprotein and adiponectin. Moreover, CARV potentiated the hypolipidemic effect of SIM. Both SIM and CARV alleviated the oxidative stress induced by P407. Interestingly, CARV, when combined with SIM, significantly ameliorated SIM‐induced liver and muscle injury by reducing the level of alanine aminotransferase, aspartate aminotransferase, lactate dehydrogenase, creatine kinase, and myoglobin and restoring the normal histological picture of both liver and muscle as well as apoptosis.     

Electrophoresis of serum isoenzymes and proteins following acute myocardial infarction

The clinical significance of the serum enzymes creatine kinase (CK, EC 2.7.3.2), lactate dehydrogenase (LD, EC 1.1.1.27) and aspartate aminotransferase (EC 2.6.1.1), and the isoenzymes CK 1–3 and LD 1–5, in acute myocardial infarction (AMI) is reviewed. Particular attention is given to electrophoretic analysis of the isoenzymes (and the CK isoforms/subforms) following AMI and thrombolytic therapy. Other protein markers for the monitoring of AMI, including myoglobin and muscle contractile proteins, are also discussed and the potential for the detection of new marker proteins using high-resolution two-dimensional electrophoretic methods is demonstrated. Whilst emphasis is placed upon electrophoretic methods the value of complementary immunoassays is acknowledged in order to maintain a balanced perspective.