TRPV1受体在心血管疾病中的研究进展

瞬时受体电位香草酸亚型1(TRPV1)是一种在机体广泛分布的配体-依赖非选择性阳离子通道,表达于心脏和血管的感觉神经,可被多种内源性或外源性介质激活或致敏。近年来研究表明TRPV1受体在改善心血管功能中发挥重要作用。     

翻译后修饰调控TRPV亚家族通道功能的研究进展

瞬时受体势(transient receptor potential,TRP)通道广泛分布于神经和非神经系统中,响应温度、化学和机械等多种刺激,在机体对外界环境的精确感知中发挥重要功能.根据蛋白质序列的相似性,哺乳动物中TRP通道家族的27个成员分属TRPA、TRPC、TRPM、TRPML、TRPP和TRPV 6个亚家族.其中TRPV亚家族包含了6个成员,分别为温度敏感型的TRPV1~4通道,以及对Ca2+具有高选择通透能力的TRPV5和TRPV6通道.研究结果表明,TRPV亚家族通道参与调控细胞内的离子稳态和信号传导,在温度感知和血管扩张等生理过程中发挥作用,并与癌症、心血管等多种疾病的发生和发展密切相关.翻译后修饰(post-translational modifications,PTMs)是翻译中或者翻译后在蛋白质特定氨基酸上添加或删减修饰官能团的过程.越来越多的研究结果表明,TRPV亚家族通道同样可以发生翻译后修饰,并对通道功能产生重要影响.本文综述了目前已报道的磷酸化、糖基化、泛素化、SUMO化和共价修饰等多种翻译后修饰调控TRPV亚家族成员功能的主要研究进展,以期为进一步研究翻译后修饰对TRPV通道的功能调节提供参考,丰富我们对蛋白质翻译后修饰与生理或病理活动相关性的认识.     

TRPV4通道与脑缺血再灌注损伤的研究进展

香草素受体4型瞬时感受器电位通道(transient receptor potential vanilloid 4 channel,TRPV4通道)是瞬时感受器电位通道家族成员之一。TRPV4通道是一种对钙离子具有选择通透性的阳离子通道,该通道激活后可以引起胞内钙离子浓度升高,进而参与调节机体多种生理或病理过程。现已证明,TRPV4通道可能在脑缺血再灌注所致的神经损伤中发挥重要作用。本文对近年来有关TRPV4通道与脑缺血再灌注损伤方面的研究进展予以综述。     

PIP2对外周伤害性信息整合器TRPV1活性的调控作用

瞬时受体电位香草酸亚型1(transient receptor potential vanilloid subfamily,member 1,TRPV1)是瞬时电压感受器阳离子通道(transient receptor potential cation channel,TRP)家族成员之一,可被伤害性热刺激或一些化学分子所激活,在热痛觉敏化形成过程中发挥重要作用,其功能活性在转录后水平受到多种方式的调控。近年来,磷脂酰肌醇4,5二磷酸(phosphatidylinositol 4,5-bisphosphate,PIP2)调节离子通道活性的研究不断深入,因此PIP2对TRPV1的调控作用受到愈来愈多的关注,但研究结果尚存一些争议。本文着重就近年来,对于PIP2对TRPV1的活性调控以及二者之间的结合等方面的研究进展加以整理和总结。     

钾通道与自噬

K~+通道是广泛分布于细胞膜上、亚型众多的一类离子通道,它们通过参与静息电位形成、物质运输、酶活性和胞间通讯等过程影响细胞的多种生理功能。自噬是机体维持细胞内代谢平衡的一种重要机制,自噬的异常会导致多种疾病的发生和发展。新近文献报道,钾通道与细胞的自噬密切相关。本文简要综述了K~+通道调节自噬通路、自噬通量或自噬溶酶体形成等方面的研究进展,并探讨了K~+通道调控细胞自噬的生理学意义。     

TRPV1通道的功能、门控机制及其调节剂在药物研发中的应用

TRPV1 （transient receptor potential vanilloid-1）是配体门控的非选择性阳离子通道，属于瞬时受体电位通道家族，能够被多种物理和化学刺激激活。TRPV1是药物研发的重要靶点之一，其异常刺激和表达与多种疾病的发病机制有关。一直以来，TRPV1因其调节剂优异的镇痛效果而备受关注。2021年诺贝尔生理学奖对温度和触觉感受器研究工作的认可，使TRPV1再一次成为关注的焦点。TRPV1已有20多年的研究基础，但是其门控机制和药物研发仍然是研究的难点。本文从TRPV1的生理功能、门控机制和药物发现的角度出发，综述了TRPV1的表达分布、功能特点和结构特征，重点阐述了3种门控机制及TRPV1调节剂在药物发现上的进展，并对未来的TRPV1药物进行展望。     

TRPV1通道在动脉粥样硬化中的作用

瞬时感受器电位香草酸受体1型(TRPV1)又名辣椒素受体,属于瞬时感受器电位通道超家族成员,是一种非选择性阳离子通道,在哺乳动物中分布广泛,在神经组织如大脑、小脑、下丘脑、海马和非神经组织如心、肝、肾、脾等组织和器官皆有存在。TRPV1通道最初只是被发现介导痛觉传递,近年来越来越多的研究发现TRPV1通道在心血管疾病领域也扮演着重要角色。本文主要综述TRPV1通道在动脉粥样硬化性疾病方面的作用,深入认识TRPV1与动脉粥样硬化的关系,为防治动脉粥样硬化性疾病提供新的方向和思路。     

胰岛β细胞中钠通道对胰岛素分泌的作用

胰岛β细胞是典型的兴奋性内分泌细胞,能响应机体葡萄糖水平的升高而分泌胰岛素,其功能受损会导致胰岛素分泌异常,进而引发多种疾病的发生,尤其与糖尿病(diabetes mellitus,DM)的发生密切相关。近年来对胰岛素分泌及调控过程的研究受到越来越广泛的关注,尤其在胰岛素分泌相关的离子通道——钾离子、钙离子通道方面,取得了重要进展,但对钠通道研究较少。钠通道是广泛分布于细胞膜上、亚型众多的一类离子通道,它们通过参与动作电位形成、物质运输和胞间通讯等过程影响细胞的多种生理功能。在此,对胰岛β细胞上钠通道的种类、生理特性、功能等方面的研究进展进行综述,从而为后续胰岛β细胞钠通道的相关研究提供新思路。     

TRPV1通道调节血管平滑肌改善高血压作用的研究进展

瞬时受体电位香草酸亚型1(transient receptor potential vanilloid 1,TRPV1)通道是一种非选择性阳离子通道,可以被辣椒素、高温等多种刺激因素激活。近年来多项研究表明,TRPV1通道在心血管疾病中发挥重要作用。该文旨在综述现阶段TRPV1通道在调节血管平滑肌细胞(vascular smooth muscle cell,VSMC)功能和降低高血压等相关疾病作用的研究进展。     

瞬时受体电位香草酸亚型1(TRPV1)在心血管疾病中的研究进展

瞬时受体电位香草酸亚型1(TRPV1)是TRP超家族一员,是一种非选择性阳离子通道,主要表达于血管内皮细胞、平滑肌细胞和感觉神经元中。近来大量研究揭示了TRPV1和心血管系统之间的联系,发现TRPV1的激活在多种心血管系统疾病的进程中均发挥重要作用。本文主要综述TRPV1在心血管疾病,如高血压、动脉粥样硬化、心肌缺血及缺血再灌注中作用。深入认识TRPV1与心血管疾病的相关性及TRPV1激动剂的药理作用,将有助于为心血管疾病寻找新的治疗靶点。     

六种藓类植物茎的比较解剖学研究

通过对6种藓类植物,即褶叶青藓(Brachythecium salebrosum(Web.et Mohr.)B.S.G.)、湿地匐灯藓(Plagiomnium acutum(Lindb.)Kop.)、侧枝匐灯藓(Plagiomnium maximoviczii(Lindb.)Kop.)、大凤尾藓(Fissidensnobilis Griff.)、大羽藓(Thuidium cymbifolium(Doz.et Molk.)B.S.G.)和大灰藓(Hypnum plumaeforme Wils.)嫩茎和老茎的石蜡切片和显微观察发现,同一藓类植株的嫩茎和老茎,茎结构稳定,不同种藓类植物茎横切面具有不同特征.植物体茎横切面形状、表层细胞的层数、细胞大小和细胞壁厚薄、皮层细胞大小和形状、中轴的有无以及比例等特征可以作为藓类植物的分科分类依据之一.     

Photoregulation of seed germination of wild-type and of an aurea-mutant of tomato

Seed germination of an aurea mutant of tomato ( Lycopersicon esculentum Mill.) is promoted by continuous irradiation with red, far-red or long-wavelength far-red (758 nm) light as well as by cyclic irradiations (5 min red or 5 min far-red/25 min darkness). Far-red light applied immediately after each red does not change the germination behaviour. Seed germination of the isogenic wild-type, cv. UC-105, is promoted by continuous and cyclic red light while it is inhibited by continuous and cyclic far-red light and by continious 758 nm irradiation. Far-red irradiation reverses almost completely the promoting effect of red light. The promoting effect (in the aurea mutant) and the inhibitory effect (in the wild-type) of continuous far-red light do not show photon fluence rate dependency above 20 nmol m⁻² s⁻¹. It is concluded that phytochrome controls tomato seed germination throgh low energy responses in both the wild type and the au mutant. The promoting effect of continuous and cyclic far-red light in the au mutant can be attributed to a greater sensitivity to P_fr.     

Cause of Senescence of Nine Sorts of Flowers

The levels of endogenous phytohormones and respiratory rate in nine sorts of flowers such as Cymbidium faberi Rolfe, Nopalxochia ackermannii Kunth and others were investigated both at full bloom and senescence and meanwhile the effect of exogenous phytohormones on prolonging the blossoms and promoting ethylene production were tested. There is a high content of endogenous ethylene in all the long-lived flowere, about 3–16 folds higer than the short-lived ones. There is a high level of ABA at full blooming flowers of short-lived flowers, in which there is no or only some cytokinins in it, but the ratio of CTK (6BA+zeatin)/ABA is smaller(l.7). The endogenous ABA reached a much higher level at senescence in all nine sorts of flowers, so it is reasonable to consider that it is ABA which plays an important role of regulation in controlling flower's senescence. There is a much higher level of GA3 and zeatin in the long-lived flowers which is not demonstrated in the shortlived ones. The respiratory rate is one of the factors controtling the longevity of flowers, but it does not play a decided role. Application of 6BA and zeatin prolongs distinctly orchid’s longevity, however exogenous IAA through the promotive action on ethylene production, evidently extends the longevity of the flowers of the Nopalxochia ackermannii Kunth.     

真菌类遗传学分析的知识结构教学

本文以认知结构理论为指导,讨论了真菌类遗传分析与高等动植物遗传分析的内在联系,认为利用这种内在联系进行教学可收到好的效果并说明了作者的具体教学过程。 Abstract:In the paper, the relationship between genetic analysis of Fungi and genetic analysis of high animal and plant was discussed.A good results were obtained when we adopted this method in the teaching.     

龙胆科药用植物化学成分的研究现状

龙胆科植物在我国的分布范围很广,且多数为药用植物,其多数种属的药用植物,至今其化学成分尚未被系统研究。综述了目前龙胆科药用植物的化学成分的研究现状及一般提取方法,对近年来发现的环烯醚萜及裂环烯醚萜类化合物进行了总结,为本科药用植物的更深入研究提供了参考。     

Interconnection of parameters of regulation system of lipid peroxidation and of morphophysiological parameters of mouse liver

A complex analysis of seasonal fluctuations of the mean group parameters of the system of regulation of lipid peroxidation has been performed in liver of Balb/c mice. Association of lipid characteristics and morphophysiological parameters is studied in the Balb/c mouse liver. An inter-connection is revealed between the liver index and the amount of lysoforms of phospholipids, the scale and character of the interconnection differing essentially depending on proportion of phos-phatidylcholine in mouse liver phospholipids.     

The effects of glutamine of the maintenance of embryogenic cultures of Cryptomeria japonica

Summary Embryogenic tissues of sugi (Cryptomeria japonica) were induced on a modified Campbell and Durzan (CD) medium containing 1 μM 2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid (2,4-D) and 600 mg l⁻¹ glutamine, and subcultured in the medium of the same composition for over 1 yr. This resulted in a mixed culture of embryogenic and non-embryogenic cells. When embryogenic cells were isolated and cultured independently, their capacity to form embryogenic aggregates was lost. Thus, the non-embryogenic cells present within a mixed culture system were essential to the formation of embryogenic aggregates. When embryogenic tissues were isolated and cultured independently on a high glutamine-containing (2400 mg l⁻¹) medium, dry weights and endogenous levels of glutamine increased, and the tissue could generate a large number of embryogenic aggregates. Amino acid analysis of embryogenic and non-embryogenic cells from the maintenance culture indicated a higher level of glutamine was present in the latter. The high endogenous level of glutamine in the non-embryogenic portion of mixed cell masses may be the supplier of glutamine for maintaining the embryogenic property of the tissues.     

Specificity of action of piperidylcholine derivatives as substrates of cholinesterases of various origin

The review deals with study of enzymologic properties of a novel highly specific acetylcholinesterase substrate, N-(β-acetoxyethyl) piperidinium iodomethylate (“piperidylcholine”), and its 30 derivatives that were tested as effectors of cholinesterases of mammals and various species of Pacific squids. It was proven for the first time that responsible for specificity of action was structure of cyclic ammonium grouping of the alcohol part of molecule of the ester substrate. Analysis of specificity is performed based on enzymatic hydrolysis parameters—activity of catalytic center of cholinesterases and bimolecular constant of the reaction rate that are determined at optimal and low substrate concentrations. Among the specially synthesized group of thioester compounds there is revealed one more highly specific acetylcholinesterase substrate—N-(β-acetoxyethyl) piperidinium.