康莱特配伍吉非替尼治疗对晚期非小细胞肺癌患者免疫功能和生活质量的影响

目的:评估康莱特(KLT)配伍吉非替尼治疗对晚期非小细胞肺癌(NSCLC)的免疫功能和生活质量的影响。方法:选取我院2013年1月-2014年7月诊治的晚期NSCLC患者64例并随机分为两组各32例。对照组给予吉非替尼口服,试验组在对照组基础上加KLT静脉滴注。观察两组T淋巴细胞亚群CD3~+、CD4~+、CD8~+、CD4~+/CD8~+表达情况及自然杀伤(NK)细胞活性;采用生活质量量表(QLQ-CCC)和卡式功能状态量表(KPS)对生活质量及功能状态进行评估。结果:试验组T淋巴细胞亚群CD4~+、CD4~+/CD8~+表达率及NK细胞活性高于对照组(P0.05),且其治疗前后的差值低于对照组(P0.05);试验组躯体、心理、社会、QLQ-CCC总分及KPS得分均高于对照组,且其治疗前后的差值均高于对照组(P0.05)。结论:KLT配伍吉非替尼治疗晚期NSCLC可减少吉非替尼对免疫功能的损害,提高患者的生活质量。     

埃克替尼联合化疗治疗EGFR突变型晚期非小细胞肺癌的疗效及对生活质量和血清肿瘤标志物的影响

目的:观察表皮生长因子受体(EGFR)突变型晚期非小细胞肺癌(NSCLC)经化疗联合埃克替尼治疗后的临床效果。方法:122例研究对象均为我院于2015年3月~2019年3月期间收治的晚期NSCLC患者且为EGFR突变型。采用随机数字表法将患者分为对照组(单药埃克替尼靶向药物治疗)和实验组(埃克替尼联合化疗),各61例。观察两组疗效、生活质量、血清肿瘤标志物、毒副反应的变化,比较两组患者的无进展生存期(PFS)和总生存期(OS)。结果:实验组治疗后的客观缓解率、疾病控制率均高于对照组(P<0.05)。实验组治疗后整体生活质量和健康状况总得分高于对照组,功能及症状总得分低于对照组(P<0.05)。实验组治疗后癌胚抗原(CEA)、癌抗原125(CA125)与角蛋白19片段(CYFRA21-1)低于对照组(P<0.05)。实验组毒副反应总发生率高于对照组(P<0.05)。两组间PFS、OS生存率比较均有统计学差异(P<0.05)。结论:埃克替尼联合化疗治疗EGFR突变型晚期NSCLC患者疗效较好,可有效阻止疾病进展,提高患者生活质量,改善患者预后。     

乌苯美司联合紫杉醇与顺铂治疗晚期非小细胞肺癌的疗效及对患者免疫功能的影响

目的:探讨乌苯美司联合紫杉醇与顺铂(TP)方案治疗晚期非小细胞肺癌的临床疗效及对患者免疫功能的影响。方法:选择2013年10月-2015年6月在我院接受治疗的晚期非小细胞肺癌患者60例,随机分为研究组和对照组。两组患者均给予全身化疗治疗,研究组在此基础上给予口服乌苯美司治疗。观察并比较两组患者的临床疗效、免疫功能变化及不良反应的发生情况。结果:研究组患者治疗有效率明显高于对照组,差异具有统计学意义(P0.05);两组肿瘤控制情况比较,差异无统计学意义(P0.05);与治疗前比较,两组患者治疗后外周血CD3~+,CD4~+,CD4~+/CD8~+及NK细胞升高,而CD8~+下降,差异具有统计学意义(P0.05);与对照组比较,研究组患者治疗后外周血CD3~+,CD4~+,CD4~+/CD8~+及NK细胞显著升高,而CD8~+显著降低,差异具有统计学意义(P0.05);研究组患者白细胞减少、恶心、呕吐及骨髓抑制等不良反应的发生率低于对照组,差异具有统计学意义(P0.05)。结论:乌苯美司联合TP方案能够改善晚期非小细胞肺癌患者机体免疫功能,减少不良反应的发生率,值得临床推广应用。     

参附注射液联合多西他赛治疗晚期非小细胞肺癌的临床效果观察

目的:探讨参附注射液联合多西他赛治疗晚期非小细胞肺癌的临床效果和安全性。方法:选取2016年1月～2019年1月我院收治的晚期非小细胞肺癌患者60例,采用随机数字表法将患者分为两组,每组各30例。对照组患者给予多西他赛注射液进行化疗,观察组在对照组的基础上给予参附注射液,比较两组患者治疗后的临床治疗效果,治疗前后免疫功能相关指标、生活质量评分的变化及不良反应的发生情况。结果:治疗后,观察组疾病控制率为86.67%,对照组为60.00%,观察组显著高于对照组(P 0.05);对照组患者治疗后CD3~+、CD4~+和CD4~+/CD8~+水平显著下降,CD8~+水平显著升高,观察组患者CD3~+、CD4~+和CD4~+/CD8~+水平显著升高,CD8~+水平显著下降,观察组患者CD3~+、CD4~+和CD4~+/CD8~+水平显著高于对照组,CD8~+水平显著低于对照组(P0.05);两组治疗后的食欲、疼痛、乏力、呼吸困难、痰中带血、咳嗽评分均较治疗前显著下降,且观察组以上指标均显著低于对照组(P0.05);观察组患者中性粒细胞减少和便秘的发生率均显著低于对照组(P0.05),两组血小板减少、恶心呕吐和神经毒性的发生率比较无统计学差异(P0.05)。结论:参附注射液联合多西他赛可显著改善晚期非小细胞肺癌患者的免疫功能和生活质量,提高临床治疗效果,且安全性高。     

阿帕替尼联合多西他赛对多线治疗晚期非小细胞肺癌患者血清肿瘤标志物、免疫功能及生活质量的影响

目的:分析阿帕替尼联合多西他赛用于多线治疗晚期非小细胞肺癌患者的临床效果。方法:选择我院2017年1月到2019年8月共86例晚期非小细胞肺癌患者为研究对象,按照随机抽签法分为对照组、观察组各43例,地塞米松预处理后,对照组仅应用多西他赛治疗,观察组联合应用阿帕替尼与多西他赛治疗,3周为1个治疗周期,均治疗4个周期。比较两组治疗前、治疗4周期后血清肿瘤标志物水平、免疫功能及生活质量及不良反应发生情况。结果:观察组治疗4周期后总缓解率为44.19%(19/43),高于对照组总缓解率23.26%(10/43)(P<0.05);治疗4周期后两组患者细胞角蛋白19片段抗原21-1(CYFRA21-1)、癌胚抗原(CEA)、糖蛋白抗原125(CA125)、鳞状上皮细胞癌抗原(SCC)水平、CD8⁺、生命质量测定量表EORTC QLQ-C30(QLQ-C30)中的功能及症状总得分均较治疗前降低,且观察组低于对照组(P<0.05);CD3⁺、CD4⁺、CD4⁺/CD8⁺水平及QLQ-C30的总体健康状况及生活质量总得分均高于治疗前,且观察组高于对照组(P<0.05),两组患者治疗期间的不良反应发生率无差异(P>0.05)。结论:阿帕替尼联合多西他赛用于多线治疗晚期非小细胞肺癌患者,可在一定程度上提高缓解率,其改善血清肿瘤标志物水平的效果更优,有助于提高患者机体免疫功能和生活质量,且短期内不会增加不良反应。     

培美曲塞联合顺铂对老年Ⅲ~Ⅳ期非小细胞肺癌患者血清CEA，CYFRA21-1，p-ERK，VEGF 及AnnexinⅡ水平的影响

目的:探讨培美曲塞联合顺铂对老年Ⅲ~Ⅳ期非小细胞肺癌患者血清癌胚抗原(CEA),细胞角质素片段抗原21-1(CYFRA21-1),磷酸化细胞外信号调节激酶(p-ERK),血管内皮生长因子(VEGF)及膜联蛋白Ⅱ(AnnexinⅡ)水平的影响。方法:120例老年Ⅲ~Ⅳ期非小细胞肺癌患者按抽签法分为对照组(n=60)与观察组(n=60),对照组予以多西紫衫醇联合顺铂治疗,观察组予以培美曲塞联合顺铂治疗,比较两组CEA,CYFRA21-1,p-ERK,VEGF,AnnexinⅡ,基质金属蛋白酶-2(MMP-2)及转化生长因子β1(TGF-β1),NK细胞,CD3~+,CD4~+,临床疗效和不良反应。结果:治疗后,观察组CEA,CYFRA21-1,p-ERK,VEGF,AnnexinⅡ,MMP-2及TGF-β1低于对照组,差异有统计学意义(P0.05)。观察组NK细胞,CD3~+及CD4~+高于对照组(P0.05)。观察组临床疗效、不良反应均优于对照组(P0.05)。结论:培美曲塞联合顺铂化疗可降低老年Ⅲ~Ⅳ期非小细胞肺癌患者血清CEA,CYFRA21-1,p-ERK,VEGF及AnnexinⅡ水平,控制肿瘤进展,值得推广。     

乌苯美司联合放化疗对晚期肺癌免疫功能的影响

目的:评价乌苯美司联合放化疗对晚期非小细胞肺癌(NSCLC)患者免疫功能的影响。方法:选择2014年1月至2016年1月来我院进行初治的NSCLC患者78例,按随机数字表法分为对照组和实验组各39例。对照组进行常规放化疗,实验组在常规放化疗的基础上加服乌苯美司进行治疗。观察并比较两组患者治疗前后免疫功能的情况。结果:实验组治疗后血清可溶性白细胞介素-2受体(sIL-2R)、白细胞介素-6(IL-6)、白细胞介素-8(IL-8)、肿瘤坏死因子(TNF-α)水平与治疗前相比有所下降,且实验组显著低于对照组(P0.05)。实验组治疗后外周血中T细胞亚群(CD3~+、CD4~+)和NK细胞所占比例及CD4~+/CD8~+的比值与治疗前相比有所升高,且实验组高于对照组(P0.05);CD8~+所占比例有所下降,且实验组低于对照组,差异均具有统计学意义(P0.05)。结论:通过检测外周血中T细胞亚群、NK细胞含量和血清sIL-2R、IL-6、IL-8、TNF-α水平,可以反映患者的免疫状态。乌苯美司联合放化疗能够有效提高晚期NSCLC患者的免疫功能,可作为化疗的辅助性用药。     

舒血宁注射液联合布地耐德对COPD急性加重期患者血清MMP-9，IL-6，IL-8，TNF-α及肺功能的影响

目的:探讨舒血宁注射液联合布地耐德对慢性阻塞性肺病(COPD)急性加重期患者血清基质金属蛋白酶-9(MMP-9)、白细胞介素-6(IL-6)、白细胞介素-8(IL-8)、肿瘤坏死因子-α(TNF-α)及肺功能的影响。方法:将112例COPD急性加重期患者参照随机数表法分作对照组与观察组,每组各56例。对照组采用布地奈德治疗,观察组基于对照组加以舒血宁注射液治疗。比较两组总有效率,治疗前后血清MMP-9、IL-6、IL-8、TNF-α、丙二醛(MDA)、超氧化物歧化醇(SOD)水平、二氧化碳分压(Pa CO_2)、血氧分压(Pa O_2),气峰流速(PEF)、最大呼气中期流速(MMEF)、用力肺活量(FVC)、CD3~+、CD4~+、CD8~+、CD4~+/CD8~+及不良反应的发生情况。结果:观察组总有效率显著高于对照组94.64%vs 80.35%(P0.05)。观察组治疗后血清MMP-9、IL-6、IL-8、TNF-α、MDA水平、PaCO_2、CD8~+均明显低于对照组(P0.05),血清SOD水平、PaO_2、PEF、MMEF、FVC、CD3~+、CD4~+、CD4~+/CD8~+均明显高于对照组(P0.05)。两组不良反应的发生情况比较差异无统计学意义(P0.05)。结论:舒血宁注射液联合布地奈德治疗COPD急性加重期患者的疗效确切,可降低血清MMP-9、IL-6、IL-8、TNF-α水平,改善肺功能,减轻氧化应激并改善动脉血气及免疫功能。     

吉非替尼联合GP化疗方案治疗晚期非小细胞肺癌的效果及对血清CEA、SCC、NSE、CYFRA21-1水平的影响

目的:研究吉非替尼联合吉西他滨和顺铂(GP)化疗方案治疗晚期非小细胞肺癌的效果及对血清癌胚抗原(Carcinoembbryonic antigen,CEA)、鳞状细胞癌相关抗原(Squamous cell carcinoma,SCC)、神经元特异烯醇化酶(Neuron-specific enolase,NSE)、细胞角蛋白19片段(Cytokeratin-19-fragment,CYFRA21-1)水平的影响。方法:选取2016年6月～2018年6月我院收治的晚期非小细胞肺癌患者110例,采用随机数字表法将患者分为两组,每组55例。对照组患者给予GP化疗方案,观察组在对照组的基础上给予吉非替尼。比较两组患者的临床治疗效果,治疗前后血清肿瘤标志物水平和生活质量的变化以及不良反应发生情况。结果:治疗后,观察组疾病控制率为86.67%,对照组为74.55%,观察组显著高于对照组(P0.05);两组治疗后血清CEA、SCC、NSE和CYFRA21-1水平均较治疗前显著下降,且观察组以上指标均显著低于对照(P0.05);两组治疗后FACT-L各项评分包括躯体状况、社会家庭状况、情感状况、肺癌特异性模块和功能状况评分均较治疗前显著升高,且观察组以上指标均显著高于对照(P0.05)。治疗期间,观察组患者白细胞减少、血小板减少、肝肾功能异常的发生率显著低于对照组(P0.05),两组贫血、恶心呕吐的发生率比较无统计学差异(P0.05)。结论:与GP化疗方案相比,吉非替尼联合GP化疗方案可更显著提高晚期非小细胞肺癌患者的治疗效果,改善其生活质量,且安全性较高,可能与其降低血清CEA、SCC、NSE和CYFRA21-1水平有关。     

吉非替尼治疗非小细胞肺癌患者的临床疗效分析

目的:探讨吉非替尼对肺癌患者血清血管内皮生长因子(VEGF)、细胞角蛋白(CYFRA21-1)、糖类抗原(CA125)、癌胚抗原(CEA)及基质金属蛋白酶(MMP-9)水平影响研究及临床疗效。方法:选取前来我院就诊的已确诊的晚期非小细胞肺癌患者68例,随机分为对照组和治疗组,每组34例。对照组给予多西紫杉醇治疗,治疗组采用吉非替尼治疗,比较治疗前后两组患者血清VEGF、CYFRA21-1、CA125、CEA及MMP-9水平的变化、临床疗效及3年生存率。结果:治疗组总有效率及3年后生存率均明显高于对照组(P0.05);治疗后,两组患者血清VEGF、CYFRA21-1、CA125、CEA及MMP-9水平均较治疗前显著降低(P0.05),治疗组患者血清VEGF、CYFRA21-1、CA125、CEA及MMP-9水平低于对照组(P0.05)。结论:吉非替尼对晚期非小细胞肺癌患者的治疗效果良好,其机制可能与降低血清VEGF、CYFRA21-1及CA125、CEA、MMP-9水平有关。     

六种藓类植物茎的比较解剖学研究

通过对6种藓类植物,即褶叶青藓(Brachythecium salebrosum(Web.et Mohr.)B.S.G.)、湿地匐灯藓(Plagiomnium acutum(Lindb.)Kop.)、侧枝匐灯藓(Plagiomnium maximoviczii(Lindb.)Kop.)、大凤尾藓(Fissidensnobilis Griff.)、大羽藓(Thuidium cymbifolium(Doz.et Molk.)B.S.G.)和大灰藓(Hypnum plumaeforme Wils.)嫩茎和老茎的石蜡切片和显微观察发现,同一藓类植株的嫩茎和老茎,茎结构稳定,不同种藓类植物茎横切面具有不同特征.植物体茎横切面形状、表层细胞的层数、细胞大小和细胞壁厚薄、皮层细胞大小和形状、中轴的有无以及比例等特征可以作为藓类植物的分科分类依据之一.     

Photoregulation of seed germination of wild-type and of an aurea-mutant of tomato

Seed germination of an aurea mutant of tomato ( Lycopersicon esculentum Mill.) is promoted by continuous irradiation with red, far-red or long-wavelength far-red (758 nm) light as well as by cyclic irradiations (5 min red or 5 min far-red/25 min darkness). Far-red light applied immediately after each red does not change the germination behaviour. Seed germination of the isogenic wild-type, cv. UC-105, is promoted by continuous and cyclic red light while it is inhibited by continuous and cyclic far-red light and by continious 758 nm irradiation. Far-red irradiation reverses almost completely the promoting effect of red light. The promoting effect (in the aurea mutant) and the inhibitory effect (in the wild-type) of continuous far-red light do not show photon fluence rate dependency above 20 nmol m⁻² s⁻¹. It is concluded that phytochrome controls tomato seed germination throgh low energy responses in both the wild type and the au mutant. The promoting effect of continuous and cyclic far-red light in the au mutant can be attributed to a greater sensitivity to P_fr.     

Cause of Senescence of Nine Sorts of Flowers

The levels of endogenous phytohormones and respiratory rate in nine sorts of flowers such as Cymbidium faberi Rolfe, Nopalxochia ackermannii Kunth and others were investigated both at full bloom and senescence and meanwhile the effect of exogenous phytohormones on prolonging the blossoms and promoting ethylene production were tested. There is a high content of endogenous ethylene in all the long-lived flowere, about 3–16 folds higer than the short-lived ones. There is a high level of ABA at full blooming flowers of short-lived flowers, in which there is no or only some cytokinins in it, but the ratio of CTK (6BA+zeatin)/ABA is smaller(l.7). The endogenous ABA reached a much higher level at senescence in all nine sorts of flowers, so it is reasonable to consider that it is ABA which plays an important role of regulation in controlling flower's senescence. There is a much higher level of GA3 and zeatin in the long-lived flowers which is not demonstrated in the shortlived ones. The respiratory rate is one of the factors controtling the longevity of flowers, but it does not play a decided role. Application of 6BA and zeatin prolongs distinctly orchid’s longevity, however exogenous IAA through the promotive action on ethylene production, evidently extends the longevity of the flowers of the Nopalxochia ackermannii Kunth.     

龙胆科药用植物化学成分的研究现状

龙胆科植物在我国的分布范围很广,且多数为药用植物,其多数种属的药用植物,至今其化学成分尚未被系统研究。综述了目前龙胆科药用植物的化学成分的研究现状及一般提取方法,对近年来发现的环烯醚萜及裂环烯醚萜类化合物进行了总结,为本科药用植物的更深入研究提供了参考。     

Interconnection of parameters of regulation system of lipid peroxidation and of morphophysiological parameters of mouse liver

A complex analysis of seasonal fluctuations of the mean group parameters of the system of regulation of lipid peroxidation has been performed in liver of Balb/c mice. Association of lipid characteristics and morphophysiological parameters is studied in the Balb/c mouse liver. An inter-connection is revealed between the liver index and the amount of lysoforms of phospholipids, the scale and character of the interconnection differing essentially depending on proportion of phos-phatidylcholine in mouse liver phospholipids.     

The effects of glutamine of the maintenance of embryogenic cultures of Cryptomeria japonica

Summary Embryogenic tissues of sugi (Cryptomeria japonica) were induced on a modified Campbell and Durzan (CD) medium containing 1 μM 2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid (2,4-D) and 600 mg l⁻¹ glutamine, and subcultured in the medium of the same composition for over 1 yr. This resulted in a mixed culture of embryogenic and non-embryogenic cells. When embryogenic cells were isolated and cultured independently, their capacity to form embryogenic aggregates was lost. Thus, the non-embryogenic cells present within a mixed culture system were essential to the formation of embryogenic aggregates. When embryogenic tissues were isolated and cultured independently on a high glutamine-containing (2400 mg l⁻¹) medium, dry weights and endogenous levels of glutamine increased, and the tissue could generate a large number of embryogenic aggregates. Amino acid analysis of embryogenic and non-embryogenic cells from the maintenance culture indicated a higher level of glutamine was present in the latter. The high endogenous level of glutamine in the non-embryogenic portion of mixed cell masses may be the supplier of glutamine for maintaining the embryogenic property of the tissues.     

Specificity of action of piperidylcholine derivatives as substrates of cholinesterases of various origin

The review deals with study of enzymologic properties of a novel highly specific acetylcholinesterase substrate, N-(β-acetoxyethyl) piperidinium iodomethylate (“piperidylcholine”), and its 30 derivatives that were tested as effectors of cholinesterases of mammals and various species of Pacific squids. It was proven for the first time that responsible for specificity of action was structure of cyclic ammonium grouping of the alcohol part of molecule of the ester substrate. Analysis of specificity is performed based on enzymatic hydrolysis parameters—activity of catalytic center of cholinesterases and bimolecular constant of the reaction rate that are determined at optimal and low substrate concentrations. Among the specially synthesized group of thioester compounds there is revealed one more highly specific acetylcholinesterase substrate—N-(β-acetoxyethyl) piperidinium.     

Physiological characteristics of various species of strains of carboxydobacteria

Seven strains of aerobic carbon monoxide-oxidizing bacteria (carboxydebacteria) when growing on CO as sole source of carbon and energy had doubling times which ranged from 12–42 h. The activity profiles obtained after discontinuous sucrose density gradient centrifugation indicated that the CO-oxidizing enzymes are soluble and the hydrogenases are membrane-bound in all strains examined. The CO-oxidizing enzymes of Pseudomonas carboxydohydrogena, Pseudomonas carboxydoflava, Comamonas compransoris, and the so far unidentified strains OM2, OM3, and OM4 had a molecular weight of 230,000; that of Achromobacter carboxydus amounted to 170,000. The molecular weights of the CO-oxidizing and H₂-oxidizing enzymes turned out to be identical. The cell sonicates were shown to catalyze the oxidation of both CO and H₂ with methylene blue, thionine, phenazine methosulfate, toluylene blue, dichlorophenolindophenol, cytochrome c or ferricyanide as electron acceptors. Methyl viologen, benzyl viologen, FAD⁺, FMN⁺, and NAD(P)⁺ were not reduced. The spectrum of electron acceptors was identical for all strains tested. Neither free formate, hydrogen nor oxygen gas were involved in the CO-oxidation reaction. Methylene blue was reduced by CO at a 1:1 molar ratio. The results indicate that CO-oxidation by carboxydobacteria is catalyzed by identical or similar enzymes and that the reaction obeys the equation CO+H₂OCO₂+2H⁺+2e^- as previously shown for Pseudomonas carboxydovorans.Dedicated to Otto Kandler remembering almost three decades of enjoyable cooperation     

Modulation of allostery of pyruvate kinase by shifting of an ensemble of microstates

Since the introduction of the concepts of allostery about four decades ago, much advancement has been made in elucidating the structure-function correlation in allostery. However, there are still a number of issues that remain unresolved. In this review we used mammalian pyruvate kinase (PK) as a model system to understand the role of protein dynamics in modulating cooperativity. PK has a triosephosphate isomerase (TIM)(α/β)₈ barrel structural motif. PK is an ideal system to address basic questions regarding regulatory mechanisms about this common (α/β)₈ structural motif. The simplest model accounting for all of the solution thermodynamic and kinetic data on ligand-enzyme interactions involves two conformational states, inactive E^T and active E^R. These conformational states are represented by domain movements. Further studies provide the first evidence for a differential effect of ligand binding on the dynamics of the structural elements, not major secondary structural changes. These data are consistent with our model that allosteric regulation of PK is the consequence of perturbation of the distribution of an ensemble of states in which the inactive E^T and active E^R represent the two extreme end states. Sequence differences and ligands can modulate the distribution of states leading to alterations of functions. The future work includes: defining the network of functionally connected residues; elucidating the chemical principles governing the sequence differences which affect functions; and probing the nature of mutations on the stability of the secondary structural elements, which in turn modulate allostery.