三种温带树种非结构性碳水化合物的分配

树体中的非结构性碳水化合物(NSC)浓度、含量及其分配反映了树木整体的碳供应状况, 是决定树木生长和存活的关键因子, 也是构建树木碳平衡模型的关键参数。温带树种的NSC尚缺乏系统研究。该文测定了特性各异的3种温带树种在生长盛期的NSC及其组分的浓度和含量以及分配格局的种间种内变异。结果表明, NSC及其组分的浓度在树种和组织之间差异显著, 可溶性糖、淀粉和总NSC浓度分别在0.65-8.45、1.96-5.95和3.00-13.90 g·100 g^-1 DM之间波动。NSC及其组分含量的大小依次为: 兴安落叶松(Larix gmelinii) >蒙古栎( Quercus mongolica) >红松( Pinus koraiensis), 其中叶和根中的浓度较高。树干中的NSC及其组分浓度的纵向变化不显著, 但其心材与边材之间的浓度差异却随树种和NSC组分而异, 表现为心边材的可溶性糖浓度差异不显著, 但其淀粉和总NSC浓度差异显著。不同直径根系的NSC及其组分浓度在2种针叶树种中差异不显著, 但在蒙古栎中差异显著。蒙古栎将可溶性糖主要投资到地上生长, 而2种针叶树将更多的可溶性糖投资到根系生长。淀粉的主要储存库为树干, 其在树体内的分布格局与可溶性糖正相反, 因而使总NSC在树根和树枝中的分配趋于较平衡状态。在树干中, 除了2种针叶树的可溶性糖库以边材为主外, 心材是淀粉和总NSC的主要储存库。在树根中, 粗根是NSC及其组分的优势储存库。该研究中3种温带树种的NSC及其组分的浓度和含量的种间和种内变化, 反映了这些树种的生长对策和体内碳源汇强度的差异。     

祁连圆柏光合色素与非结构性碳水化合物含量对海拔变化的响应

以祁连山林线附近(海拔2 860～3 323m)祁连圆柏(Sabina przewalskii)为研究对象,于7月下旬对不同海拔祁连圆柏成年树(胸径20cm左右)及幼树(胸径10cm左右)当年生叶的光合色素(叶绿素和类胡萝卜素)和非结构性碳水化合物(NSC,包括可溶性糖和淀粉)含量变化进行研究。结果显示:(1)祁连圆柏幼树叶片总叶绿素含量呈升高-降低-升高的趋势,成年树呈先降低再升高的趋势,但二者最低值均出现在海拔3 120m;类胡萝卜素含量成年树最高值出现在海拔3 320m处,幼树的最高值则出现在低海拔2 980m处。(2)NSC含量随海拔升高呈升高-降低-升高的变化趋势,最低值出现在海拔3 120m,而且幼树的NSC平均含量在各海拔显著高于成年树。研究说明,祁连圆柏随着海拔升高光合能力可能并未降低,而且在高海拔地的NSC供应充足,这暗示在全球气候变化背景下祁连圆柏林线具有沿海拔上升的潜力。     

不同海拔青海云杉与祁连圆柏叶片抗氧化系统

以祁连山寺大隆林区连续海拔梯度(2 665~3 365 m)上青海云杉(Picea crassifolia)和祁连圆柏(Sabina przewalskii)为材料, 测定叶片中抗氧化保护系统的变化, 探讨常绿木本植物抗氧化系统对高山极端环境的适应机制。结果显示, 祁连圆柏和青海云杉叶片中丙二醛(MDA)含量均与海拔高度呈正相关, 相同海拔上青海云杉MDA含量极显著高于祁连圆柏(p＜0.01)。随海拔升高, 两树种抗氧化保护酶超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)、过氧化物酶(POD)、过氧化氢酶(CAT)、抗坏血酸过氧化物酶(APX)、谷胱甘肽还原酶(GR)活性和非酶促抗氧化剂脯氨酸(Pro)、抗坏血酸(AsA)、还原性谷胱甘肽(GSH)含量均呈明显增加趋势。青海云杉叶片的AsA水平高于祁连圆柏, 但对海拔变化的敏感性较低; 祁连圆柏的GSH、Pro水平及其对海拔变化的敏感性均高于青海云杉。结果表明, 研究区青海云杉所受过氧化伤害较祁连圆柏更严重, 但两树种清除O₂^-·的能力相当而主要负责分解H₂O₂的酶种有所不同: 祁连圆柏中为POD, 青海云杉中则为CAT、APX和GR, AsA-GSH循环系统在青海云杉活性氧清除中的作用强于在祁连圆柏中, 祁连圆柏的活性氧清除物质可能以Pro为主。     

秦岭东段不同海拔栓皮栎粗根非结构性碳水化合物含量的季节动态

掌握树木根部碳存储规律对于准确估算碳在地上器官与地下器官间的分配非常必要。本研究以栓皮栎(Quercus variabilis Blume)为对象,在2016年5月—2017年6月,通过周期性采样方法(共计采样14次),测定了高、低海拔(970和650 m)栓皮栎粗根非结构性碳水化合物(non-structural carbohydrates,NSC)及其组分(可溶性糖和淀粉)含量的年内动态变化。结果表明:除高海拔淀粉外,栓皮栎粗根NSC及其组分含量均随季节变化差异显著(P<0.05)。粗根NSC含量呈现生长季初期(3月)下降,非生长季(2月)达到最高值的变化趋势;栓皮栎粗根NSC组成以淀粉为主,高、低海拔淀粉含量占比分别为61%和71%,这可能与栓皮栎适应区域环境特征有关。不同海拔间,栓皮栎粗根NSC及其组分含量的差异出现在生长季初期(3月,P<0.05)。高海拔(10.26%)栓皮栎粗根NSC含量小于低海拔(13.96%)。栓皮栎粗根NSC含量存在明显的季节波动,粗根在生长季末及非生长季积累的NSC对下一年树木生长启动非常重要,研究结果有助于理解树木地下器官对树木生长的碳供应机制。     

祁连山东部不同树种径向生长对气候因子的响应

为研究祁连山东部不同树种树木径向生长对气候因子响应的差异,采集青海云杉(Picea crassifolia)和祁连圆柏(Juniperus przewalskii)两个树种的树木年轮样芯,建立树轮宽度年表,并分析不同类型年表与24个时间尺度气候因子的相关性。分析年表参数发现,青海云杉的差值年表质量优于标准年表,祁连圆柏则相反。青海云杉树轮宽度年表包含的气候信息丰富度多于祁连圆柏。祁连圆柏对温度的响应要强于青海云杉,主要与前一年6—7月、前一年9月以及当年5—8月均温呈显著负相关,青海云杉对降水的响应要强于祁连圆柏,主要与前一年9月、当年7—8月累积降水呈显著正相关。两树种的径向生长均受到干旱胁迫,全球变暖背景下,这种胁迫会加剧,因此需要加强对祁连山森林的保护和管理。     

秦岭东段栓皮栎叶片非结构性碳水化合物含量的季节动态

研究树木叶片非结构性碳水化合物(Nonstructural carbohydrate,NSC)组分的季节变化是掌握树木碳代谢规律的基础,也有利于判断以往研究仅凭生长季单次或几次(5次)的取样方法是否存在一定局限性。以秦岭东段栓皮栎(Quercus variabilis Blume)优势群落为研究对象,在其分布的海拔上下限(650 m和970 m),于2016年5月至2017年5月,通过月尺度周期性取样(共计9次),测定栓皮栎叶片NSC及其组分含量,并观测同期叶片物候变化。结果显示:(1)栓皮栎叶片NSC及其组分季节变化差异显著(P0.05),可溶性糖、淀粉和NSC变异系数分别为20.99%、52.28%和25.96%;(2)整体而言,栓皮栎叶片NSC最小值在展叶初期(3月末—4月初,5%左右),最大值在展叶末期(5月上旬,12%左右),之后NSC呈持续下降趋势。不同海拔NSC极值出现时间略有不同,叶片物候可能是影响年内极值的主要原因。(3)栓皮栎叶片NSC组成以可溶性糖为主(65%),这可能是树种在暖温带所采取的生长策略。(4)海拔对栓皮栎叶片NSC及其组分影响差异不显著,低海拔栓皮栎叶片NSC及其组分含量略大于高海拔。研究结果,栓皮栎叶片NSC含量存在明显的季节波动,适当加大NSC采样频率对于正确理解树木碳代谢十分必要。     

祁连山两种优势乔木叶片δ13C的海拔响应及其机理

以分布于祁连山北麓中段的两种优势乔木祁连圆柏(Sabina przewalskii)和青海云杉(Picea crassifolia)为研究对象, 分析了高山乔木叶片δ¹³C值对海拔(2 600-3 600 m)、土壤含水量和叶片含水量、叶片碳氮含量的响应及其机理。结果表明, 这两种乔木叶片δ¹³C值均随海拔升高呈增重趋势, 与海拔呈显著正相关关系(p < 0.000 1)。海拔2 600-3 600 m阳坡树种祁连圆柏叶片的δ¹³C值显著高于同海拔梯度阴坡树种青海云杉。祁连圆柏和青海云杉叶片的δ¹³C值均与年平均气温呈显著负相关关系(p < 0.000 1), 与年平均降水量呈显著正相关关系(p < 0.000 1)。祁连圆柏叶片δ¹³C值与土壤含水量(p < 0.000 1)、叶片含水量(p = 0.01)和叶片碳氮比(C/N) (p < 0.000 1)呈显著正相关关系, 与叶片全氮呈显著负相关关系(p < 0.000 1)。而青海云杉叶片δ¹³C值与土壤含水量、叶片全氮、叶片碳氮比和叶片含水量不相关。说明海拔变化引起的水热条件的改变, 尤其是温度变化对高山乔木叶片碳同位素分馏起主要作用, 但各个因子综合对高山植物叶片碳同位素分馏的作用机制可能比较复杂, 需进一步深入研究。     

亚热带同质园11个树种新老叶非结构性碳水化合物含量比较

叶片中非结构性碳水化合物(NSC)不仅是植物维持代谢活动的重要物质基础, 也随凋落物归还土壤并为土壤微生物提供碳源, 对凋落物分解和土壤有机质形成具有重要意义。该研究比较了同质园中11个亚热带代表性树种新鲜叶与凋落叶NSC (可溶性糖、淀粉)含量。结果表明, 所有树种新鲜叶NSC含量均显著高于凋落叶, 新鲜叶中NSC含量为68.7-126.3 mg∙g^-1, 而凋落叶中NSC含量为31.4-79.5 mg∙g^-1。同时, 可溶性糖含量在新鲜叶和凋落叶中的变化幅度均远大于淀粉: 可溶性糖在新鲜叶中的平均含量是凋落叶的3.3倍; 而淀粉在新鲜叶中的平均含量仅为凋落叶的1.2倍。另外, 对不同功能类群的比较发现, 常绿阔叶树种与落叶阔叶树种NSC含量差异并不显著, 而针叶树种NSC含量明显低于阔叶树种。具体表现为: 在新鲜叶中, 常绿阔叶、落叶阔叶树种NSC含量平均为99.7和96.8 mg∙g^-1, 而常绿针叶树种平均为75.4 mg∙g^-1; 在凋落叶中, 常绿阔叶、落叶阔叶树种NSC含量平均为47.2和50.7 mg∙g^-1, 而常绿针叶树种平均为33.3 mg∙g^-1。这些结果表明, NSC作为林木碳代谢组分, 在叶片衰老前可能向新鲜叶转移, 反映了林木叶片碳存储策略。然而, 不管是新鲜叶还是凋落叶, 杉木(Cunninghamia lanceolata)、马尾松(Pinus massoniana)等针叶树种叶片NSC含量显著低于阔叶树种, 这可能降低这些针叶树种凋落叶初始基质质量。     

升温对祁连山东部青海云杉径向生长的影响

在祁连山东部西营河流域不同海拔采集年轮样品,利用树木年代学方法建立高海拔(3000 m)、中海拔(2750 m)、低海拔(2500 m)青海云杉标准化年表,将年轮宽度指数与不同时段气温和降水分别进行相关分析,研究祁连山东部不同海拔青海云杉径向生长对气候变暖的响应。结果表明: 水热是祁连山东部青海云杉径向生长的主要限制因子,不同海拔树木的生长限制因子基本一致。在显著升温之前(1961—1986年),低、中、高海拔3个样点的青海云杉径向生长均与上一年7—8月和当年8月平均最高温呈显著负相关,与当年6月相对湿度呈显著正相关。显著升温之后(1986—2014年),高、中、低海拔树木生长与气温仍呈显著负相关,而与当年2月的相对湿度由升温前的不显著负相关转为显著正相关,与6月降水和相对湿度由升温前的显著正相关转为不显著的负相关。升温导致祁连山东部各海拔青海云杉树轮生长变慢,其中高海拔所受影响最大。气候变暖导致的干旱胁迫可能是青海云杉径向生长发生变化的主要原因。     

秦岭东段栓皮栎枝条非结构性碳水化合物含量的季节动态

枝条是碳供应器官和碳需求器官的连接者, 研究其非结构性碳水化合物(NSC)含量的季节变化对理解树木体内的碳分配至关重要。该研究以秦岭东段栓皮栎(Quercus variabilis)优势群落为研究对象, 于2016年5月至2017年5月, 在其分布的海拔上下限(650 m和970 m), 通过在展叶期采用旬尺度和在非展叶期采用月尺度相结合的周期性取样方法(共计12次), 测定栓皮栎枝条NSC组分及含量, 并观测同期叶片物候变化。结果表明: (1)栓皮栎枝条NSC含量随季节波动较小, 变化差异不显著。但枝条可溶性糖含量(高海拔)或淀粉含量(低海拔)在一定生境条件下, 均存在明显的季节波动, 说明栓皮栎枝条可溶性糖和淀粉之间存在动态转化过程。(2)栓皮栎枝条NSC组成以可溶性糖为主(61%), 这可能是该树种在暖温带季风气候区所采取的生长策略。(3)土壤含水量(正相关)和饱和水汽压差(负相关)分别是在高海拔和低海拔影响栓皮栎枝条NSC含量的主导环境因子, 说明相比高海拔, 低海拔的栓皮栎可能对高温引起的水分胁迫更敏感。(4)结合叶片物候发现, 栓皮栎枝条NSC含量最大值出现在萌芽前(3月中下旬, 11%左右), 最小值出现在展叶后期(4月末, 5%左右), 叶片萌芽展叶后枝条NSC含量下降。总体而言, 枝条NSC含量在高低海拔不存在显著差异, 但春季萌芽前后存在显著差异, 海拔引起的叶片物候时间差极可能是造成这一现象的主要原因。研究结果说明, 栓皮栎叶片物候会直接影响枝条NSC含量的季节变化, 枝条NSC含量对叶片萌芽生长至关重要, 研究结果有助于加深对栓皮栎树体内碳调配机制的理解。     

Bacterial survival in evaporating deposited droplets on a teflon-coated surface

Understanding of bacterial survival in aerosols is crucial for controlling infection transmission via airborne aerosols and/or large droplets routes. The cell viability changes of four bacteria species (Escherichia coli K12 JM109; Acinetobacter sp. 5A5; Pseudomonas oleovorans X5; and Staphylococcus aureus X8), three Gram-negative and one Gram-positive, in a large evaporating droplet of size 1,800 μm in diameter on teflon-coated slides were measured using the LIVE/DEAD BacLight solution and a microscope. Droplets of three levels of salinity (0, 0.9, and 36% w/v) were tested. All four species survived well during the droplet evaporation process, but died mostly at the time when droplets were dried out at 40–45 min. The final bacteria survival rate after droplets were completely dried was dependent on bacteria species and the salinity of the suspension solution. Droplet evaporation over the first 35–40 min had no adverse effect on bacterial survival for the droplets tested. The lethal effect of desiccation was found to be the most important death mechanism.     

Lipid accumulation in Trichoderma species

Abstract Two filamentous fungi, Trichoderma harzianum and Trichoderma viride , were compared for their ability to synthesize lipids on different carbon and nitrogen sources. Three culture media were selected for each strain after preliminary screening. All the test media were nitrogen-deficient (C/N = 60) so as to stimulate lipid accumulation. For both microorganisms the glucose-ammonium sulphate medium was the most conducive to lipid production: a lipid accumulation of 17% (w/w) of biomass dry weight was obtained for T. harzianum and of 32% (w/w) of biomass dry weight for T. viride . In sucrose-sodium nitrate medium T. harzianum was able to accumulate almost 25% (w/w) of its biomass in lipid form. However the small quantity of biomass produced (2 g dry weight/l) limited the quantity of lipid obtained. Neutral lipids, free fatty acids and phospholipids were monitored during 8 days of cultivation of the two fungi.     

一年生和多年生豆禾混播草地超产与多样性效应的比较

为了测度一年生和多年生豆禾混播草地的超产效应与植物多样性效应的关系, 明确一年生和多年生混播草地的高产优势, 探索豆禾混播草地多样性效应和超产效应对其生态功能的响应机制, 于2013-2015年在新疆伊犁地区昭苏盆地开展了3年的牧草产量观测试验。该试验设置3种牧草混播种类和混播比例, 分别为一年生豆禾混播草地(2种牧草混播, AM2)和多年生豆禾混播草地(2种牧草混播, PM2; 4种牧草混播, PM4; 6种牧草混播, PM6), 豆禾混播比例分别为6:4、5:5和4:6。结果表明: 1) 2013、2014年和3年平均值AM2的超产幅度小于PM2和PM6, 2015年AM2的超产幅度大于PM2、PM4和PM6; 混播群落生产力与群落组分中生产力最高产物种单产以及各组分种平均单产的差值表现出相似的规律。2) 2013、2014年和3年平均值AM2的互补效应大于PM2、PM4和PM6, AM2的选择效应则远小于互补效应, PM2、PM4和PM6的互补效应则比较稳定。3)物种丰富度和物种均匀度与牧草产量(群落生产力)大部分情况下呈单峰的“饱和上升型”模式, 分别在4种牧草混播和豆禾混播比例为5:5时, 具有较高生产力。4)多年生豆禾混播草地的互补效应、选择效应和多样性净效应均随生长年限的延长而呈下降趋势, 也导致了超产幅度、超产效应及其稳定性的下降。由此可见, 在建植初期, 互补效应和选择效应共同主导了多年生豆禾混播草地的超产效应, 而随着生长年限的延长, 选择效应则成为主要影响因素; 一年生豆禾混播草地的超产效应则一直受互补效应的影响。     

Lagged climatic effects on carbon fluxes over three grassland ecosystems in China

Aims The plasticity of ecosystem responses could buffer and postpone the effects of climates on ecosystem carbon fluxes, but this lagged effect is often ignored. In this study, we used carbon flux data collected from three typical grassland ecosystems in China, including a temperate semiarid steppe in Inner Mongolia (Neimeng site, NM), an alpine shrub-meadow in Qinghai (Haibei site, HB) and an alpine meadow steppe in Tibet (Dangxiong site, DX), to examine the time lagged effects of environmental factors on CO₂ exchange.Methods Eddy covariance data were collected from three typical Chinese grasslands. In linking carbon fluxes with climatic factors, we used their averages or cumulative values within each 12-month period and we called them 'yearly' statistics in this study. To investigate the lagged effects of the climatic factors on the carbon fluxes, the climatic 'yearly' statistics were kept still and the 'yearly' statistics of the carbon fluxes were shifted backward 1 month at a time.Important findings Soil moisture and precipitation was the main factor driving the annual variations of carbon fluxes at the alpine HB and DX, respectively, while the NM site was under a synthetic impact of each climatic factor. The time lagged effect analysis showed that temperature had several months, even half a year lag effects on CO₂ exchange at the three studied sites, while moisture's effects were mostly exhibited as an immediate manner, except at NM. In general, the lagged climatic effects were relatively weak for the alpine ecosystem. Our results implied that it might be months or even 1 year before the variations of ecosystem carbon fluxes are adjusted to the current climate, so such lag effects could be resistant to more frequent climate extremes and should be a critical component to be considered in evaluating ecosystem stability. An improved knowledge on the lag effects could advance our understanding on the driving mechanisms of climate change effects on ecosystem carbon fluxes.     

The Mechanism of Salt Activation of Thermolysin: Relation with Pressure Activation and Implications of Hydration Change Coupled with Rate Process

Thermolysin (E.C. 3.4.24.4) shows a remarkable increase in catalytic activity at elevated salt concentrations or hydrostatic pressures. Salt effected K_cat, only, whilst the effect of pressure was related to both K_cat, and K_m. The turnover, derived from k_cat/K_m(V), of the hydrolysis of an N-acyldipeptide amide substrate was scarcely affected by addition of salt. These results were interpreted in terms of the stabilization of increased (or exposed) charges at the transition state of the reaction.     

Stomach cancer incidence trends in selected Latin America countries: Age,period, and birth-cohort effects

Backgroundto explore the age, period, and birth-cohort effects on stomach cancer incidence trends during 3 decades in selected Latin American countries.Methodsa time-trend study was performed using Cancer Incidence in Five Continents data from high-quality population-based cancer registries(PBCRs) in Latin American countries. Crude and age-standardized incidence rates(ASRIs) were calculated. Time trends in ASRIs were assessed using the average annual percentage change(AAPC). Age-period-cohort effects were estimated by Poisson regression for individuals aged between 20 and 79 years with stomach cancer informed by PBCRs from 1983 to 2012 in Cali(Colombia); from 1982 to 2011 in Costa Rica; and from 1988 to 2012 for Goiania(Brazil) and Quito(Ecuador). The goodness-of-fit model was tested using the deviance of the models.Resultsa decrease in age-standardized incidence rates was observed for both genders in all populations covered by PBCRs, except for young men from Cali(AAPC 3.89 95 %IC: 1.32–7.29). The age effect was statistically significant in all areas, and the curve slope reached peaks in the older age groups. The cohort effect was observed in all PBCRs. Regarding the period effect, an increased ratio rate was observed for both genders in Costa Rica(1997–2001 women RR 1.11 95 %CI: 1.05–1.17; men RR 1.12 95 %CI: 1.08–1.17) and Goiânia(2003–2007 women RR 1.21 95 %CI: 1.08–1.35; men RR 1.09 95 %CI: 1.01–1.20), while Quito(1998–2002 women RR 0.89 95 %CI: 0.81–0.98; men RR 0.86 95 %CI: 0.79–0.93) presented a decrease.Conclusionthe present study showed a decreasing gastric cancer trend for over the past 30 years with gender and geographic variations. Such a decrease seems to be mainly a result of cohort effects, suggesting that the economic market opening process led to changes in the risk factor exposures over successive generations. These geographic and gender variations may reflect cultural/ethnic/gender differences and differences in dietary and smoking rate patterns. However, an increased incidence was observed for young men in Cali, and additional studies are needed to determine the cause of the increasing incidence in this group.     

约束选择在小麦育种中的应用研究

对小麦杂种后代进行了约束选择,以无约束选择、单项选择为对照。试验结果表明:约束选择对选择性状的促进和约束性状的控制都有较好的效果。一对正相关的性状被约束者可保持在原平均数稍高水平;负相关的约束者则保持在原平均数略低水平。在对产量的选择中,约束选择的实际效果一般比无约束的为好,其中以约束株高选择产量的效果最佳。最后对约束选择的应用问题作了讨论。     

The ameliorating effects of 2,3-dihydroxy-4-methoxyacetophenone on scopolamine-induced memory impairment in mice and its neuroprotective activity

We isolated 2,3-dihydroxy-4-methoxyacetophenone, a neuroprotective compound from Cynenchum paniculatum in our previous study.The present study was conducted to investigate the possible neuroprotective effect of 2,3-dihydroxy-4-methoxyacetophenone that has been previously isolated from Cynenchum paniculatum on hippocampal neuronal cell line, HT22 cells and its possible cognitive-enhancing effect on scopolamine-induced amnesia in mice.Neuroprotective effect against glutamate-induced neurotoxicity in HT22 cells was evaluated by MTT assay. Also, cognitive enhancing effect against scopolamine (1 mg/kg, ip) induced learning and memory deficit was measured by Morris water maze test. Oral administered of 2,3-dihydroxy-4-methoxyacetophenone (1, 10, 20, 40 and 50 mg/kg) to amnesic mice induced by scopolamine. In Morris water maze test, 2,3-dihydroxy-4-methoxyacetophenone (50 mg/kg) improved the impairment of spatial memory induced by scopolamine. 2,3-Dihydroxy-4-methoxyacetophenone protect HT22 cells on glutamate induced cell-death in a dose-dependent manner (EC₅₀ value: 10.94 μM). Furthermore, 2,3-dihydroxy-4-methoxyacetophenone was found to inhibit [Ca²⁺] accumulation in HT22 cells and had antioxidantive activity. The results showed that 2,3-dihydroxy-4-methoxyacetophenone exert neuroprotective and cognitive-enhancing activities through its antioxidant activity. We suggest that 2,3-dihydroxy-4-methoxyacetophenone improves cognitive function and may be helpful for the treatment of Alzheimer’s disease.     

Chemistry of methylcorrinoids related to their roles in bacterial C1 metabolism

Abstract Corrinoids are central cofactors in bacterial metabolism, where they participate in a series of organometallic and redoxprocesses. These depend on the unique coordination chemistry and reactivity of the corrin-bound cobalt centers to which, in the complete corrins, also a nucleotide function can coordinate intramolecularly. The roles of methylcorrinoids in bacterial C₁ metabolism focus around the unusual Co-C-bond.     

中草药复方对拟态弧菌的体内外抗菌和拮抗外毒素的作用

目的探明拟态弧菌外毒素的致病性,筛选出对拟态弧菌具有良好抗菌和拮抗外毒素作用的中草药复方。方法培养拟态弧菌安徽分离株,采用蛋白分离技术提取其外毒素,测定其对实验草鱼的致病性。以黄连、大黄、金银花、夏枯草、丹皮、地锦草、连翘、茯苓、车前子、黄芪和甘草组成3个复方,采用改良微量稀释法测定不同中草药复方对拟态弧菌的体外抑菌作用。同时使用动物模型测定不同中草药复方拮抗外毒素作用和对拟态弧菌感染草鱼的保护作用。结果4株拟态弧菌产生的外毒素对实验鱼均具有较强的致死性。复方3的体外抑菌作用最强,对4株拟态弧菌的MIC值均为1.96g/L;其次为复方1,其MIC值介于3.92～7.84g/L;复方2的抑菌作用最差,其MIC值介于62.72～125g/L。复方3拮抗外毒素作用最强,其次为复方2,复方1不具有抗毒素作用。复方3对拟态弧菌感染草鱼具有最好的保护作用,保护率为100%;其次为复方2,保护率为23.81%;复方1的保护率最低,仅为19.05%。结论拟态弧菌外毒素在腹水病发生过程中起着重要致病作用。复方3具有良好的抗菌和拮抗外毒素作用,为筛选出的最佳复方,可进一步研制成为治疗腹水病的中草药复方制剂。