不同时间服用比索洛尔对非杓犁高衄压缸压的影响

目的：观察不同给药时间分别给予比索洛尔对非杓型原发性高血压患者的降压疗效和血压节律恢复的影响。方法：选取60例非杓型高血压患者,采取随机平行对照试验,观察比索洛尔（n=30）每日早晨（8：00）给药2．5—10mg、比索洛尔（n=30）每日夜间（20：00）给药2．5—10mg治疗8周后的降压疗效。结果：两种给药方法均能降低非杓型高血压患者的全天血压（P〈0．05）。两种给药方法在白天的血压控制上无显著性差异（P〉0．05）,但在夜间血压的控制上夜间服药降压效果具有显著性差异（P〈0．05）。夜间服药在血压节律恢复方面优于早晨服药（P〈0．05）,早晨服药组有10例恢复杓型,夜间服药组有19例恢复杓型。结论：比索洛尔的两种给药方式均能安全有效的降压,但对于非杓型高血压患者夜间服药优于早晨服药,更有利于血压节律的恢复。     

无左室肥厚的非杓型高血压患者血清GDF-15、YKL-40水平表达及其临床意义

摘要 目的：探讨无左室肥厚（NLVH）的非杓型高血压患者血清生长分化因子15（GDF-15）、人软骨糖蛋白39（YKL-40）水平的表达及其临床意义。方法：选取2019年6月至2020年6月张家口学院附属人民医院收治的NLVH原发性高血压患者104例为研究对象,根据夜间收缩压下降率（SBPF）将其分为非杓型组（SBPF＜10%,n=60）和杓型组（10%≤SBPF≤20%,n=44）。另选取同期于张家口学院附属人民医院进行体检的健康志愿者49例记为对照组。比较三组受试者的血清GDF-15、YKL-40水平,比较非杓型和杓型NLVH患者的舒张压、收缩压、颈动脉内膜中层厚度（IMT）值、僵硬度、紧张度和扩张性、超声心动图参数、血压昼夜节律指标,分析NLVH的非杓型高血压患者血清GDF-15、YKL-40水平与超声心动图参数、血压昼夜节律、颈动脉粥样硬化指标的相关性。采用多元线性逐步回归分析非杓型高血压发病的影响因素。结果：非杓型NLVH组和杓型NLVH组患者的血清GDF-15、YKL-40水平均高于对照组患者,且非杓型NLVH组高于杓型NLVH组（P<0.05）;与杓型NLVH组患者比较,非杓型NLVH组患者的IMT、僵硬度、夜间平均收缩压（nSBP）、平均舒张压（nDBP）、左室舒张末期内径（LVEDD）、左房内径（LAD）、室间隔厚度（LVSD）、左室后壁厚度（PWD）均升高,LVEF、紧张度、扩张性则降低（P<0.05）,但两组患者的白天平均收缩压（dSBP）、白天平均舒张压（dDBP）比较差异无统计学意义（P>0.05）。经Pearson相关性分析显示,NLVH的非杓型高血压患者的血清GDF-15、YKL-40水平与IMT、僵硬度、LAD、LVEDD、LVSD、PWD、nSBP、nDBP呈正相关,与LVEF、紧张度、扩张性呈负相关（P<0.05）,而与dSBP、dDBP无明显相关性（P>0.05）;GDF-15与YKL-40水平呈正相关（P<0.05）。多元线性逐步回归分析显示：颈动脉IMT、僵硬度、LAD、LVEDD、nSBP、nDBP、LVEF、颈动脉紧张度、GDF-15是非杓型高血压发病的独立影响因素（P<0.05）。结论：NLVH的非杓型高血压患者血清GDF-15、YKL-40水平异常升高,且与超声心动图参数、血压昼夜节律、颈动脉粥样硬化具有一定关联,患者发病受多种因素影响,临床工作中应结合相关因素对患者进行适当干预。     

老年高血压患者颈动脉内膜中膜厚度与动态血压参数的相关性

目的:探究老年高血压患者颈动脉内膜中膜厚度(IMT)与动态血压参数间的相关关系,为老年高血压患者的临床治疗提供理论基础。方法:选取2015年1月至2016年1月在我院接受治疗的老年高血压患者204例,根据超声检查结果分为A、B、C三组,每组68例。24 h无创检测患者动态血压参数,包括24h平均收缩压(24h SBP),24 h平均舒张压(24h DBP)、白天平均收缩压(d SBP)、白天平均舒张压(d DBP)、夜间平均收缩压(n SBP)、夜间平均舒张压(n DBP),24h脉压(24h PP)及白天脉压(d PP)、夜间脉压(n PP),记录冠心病的发生率、杓型与非杓型高血压比例,利用Person相关性分析IMT与冠心病发生率及动态血压参数的相关性。结果:收缩压和脉压比较差异均有统计学意义(P0.05),其中B组、C组高于A组,C组高于B组,差异具有统计学意义(P0.05)。非杓型高血压在A组占54.41%,B组占60.29%,C组占79.41%,各组间差异有统计学意义(P0.05);A组、B组、C组冠心病发病率分别为41.18%、54.41%和91.18%,组间比较差异有统计学意义(P0.05)。IMT同冠心病发生率和24h SBP、d SBP、n SBP、24h PP、d PP、n PP呈正相关(r=0.876,0.448,0.378,0.476,0.443,0.491,0.438,P0.05)。结论:老年高血压患者收缩压,脉压升高以及非杓型高血压是造成颈动脉内膜中膜厚度增加的主要原因,同时,IMT与冠心病发病率和动态血压参数间呈正相关关系。     

氨氯地平、比索洛尔对高血压合并心绞痛患者CAP及IMT 的影响

目的:比较氨氯地平、比索洛尔对高血压合并心绞痛患者中心动脉压(central artery pressure,CAP)及颈动脉内中膜厚度(intima-media thickness,IMT)的影响。方法:选择我院2013年8月-2014年9月收治的高血压合并心绞痛患者76例,随机分为观察组和对照组,各38例。观察组给予氨氯地平5 mg/d,对照组给予比索洛尔2.5 mg/d,疗程均为1年。测定并对比两组治疗前后血压、CAP、IMT变化情况以及心绞痛的治疗效果。结果:观察组治疗后CAP收缩压、舒张压、IMT分别为(130.36±5.09)mm Hg、(73.38±5.76)mm Hg、(0.89±0.08)mm,均明显低于对照组的(144.82±6.54)mm Hg、(84.89±6.14)mm Hg、(1.01±0.12)mm,差异均有统计学意义(P0.05)。观察组治疗总有效率为89.47%,高于对照组的76.32%,但差异无统计学意义(P0.05)。结论:氨氯地平与比索洛尔治疗高血压合并心绞痛的临床疗效相当,但氨氯地平在降低高血压合并心绞痛患者CAP、IMT方面的效果优于比索洛尔。     

高血压患者动态血压与左心房增大多因素回归分析

目的:高血压病是心脏科常见疾病,本文观察动态血压(ambulatory blood pressure monitoring, ABPM)不同夜间血压类型患者左心房大小并分析左心房增大的独立危险因素。方法:收集86例高血压病患者,所有患者行24小时动态血压及超声心动图检查。根据动态血压中夜间血压下降幅度分为杓形高血压组(夜间血压下降率≥10%, 41例)和非杓形高血压组(夜间血压下降率10%,45例)。根据心脏超声左心室长轴切面左心房前后径分两组:左心房增大组(前后径≥3.85 cm,45例),左心房正常组(前后径3.85 cm,41例),采用Logistic多因素回归分析左心房增大的危险因素。结果:(1)非杓形高血压组较杓形高血压组夜间平均收缩压(125.6±15.0 mm Hg VS 107.7±14.9 mm Hg P0.05)及平均舒张压(70.3±9.0 mm Hg VS 60.3±12.2 mm Hg P0.05)明显增高,左心房内径明显增大(4.0±0.48 cm VS 3.74±0.35 cm P=0.005)。(2)左心房内径增大组夜间收缩压下降率(6.4±8.1 mm Hg VS10.3±6.7 mm Hg P=0.01)及舒张压下降率(10.1±9.0 mm Hg VS 14.3±7.9 mm Hg P=0.02)较左心房内径正常组明显降低。(3)Logistic多因素回归分析示左心室质量、总胆固醇是左心房增大的独立危险因素。结论:夜间血压升高更容易导致左心房内径增大。左心室质量增加、胆固醇增高与左心房内径增大有密切关系。     

2型糖尿病合并原发性高血压患者动态血压昼夜节律的研究

目的:探讨观察2型糖尿病(T2DM)合并原发性高血压患者动态血压昼夜节律的的变化。方法:采用动态血压监测(ABPM)仪,测定50例T2DM合并原发性高血压患者(观察组)和原发性高血压患者(对照组)的24h血压、日间血压及夜间血压,计算血压昼夜差值。结果:观察组24h血压平均值、日间血压平均值、夜间血压平均值及血压昼夜差值均显著高于对照组,相比较均有显著性差性(P0.05)。结论:T2DM合并原发性高血压时对患者的昼夜血压调节功能损害较大。改善T2DM合并原发性高血压患者体内糖代谢状况,可能有助于改善T2DM合并原发性高血压患者心血管系统血流动力学,从而减少心血管并发症。     

老年肥胖型正常高值血压患者24h-动态血压变异特点及与动脉僵硬度的相关性研究

摘要 目的：探讨老年肥胖型正常高值血压患者24h-动态血压变异特点及与动脉僵硬度的相关性。方法：选择2018年1月~2020年5月期间在我院住院的老年正常高值血压患者174例作为研究对象,根据腰围分为腹型肥胖组（n=85）和非腹型肥胖组（n=89）。所有受试者监测24h-动态血压[包括24h平均收缩压（24h-SBP）、白昼平均舒张压（dDBP）、24h平均舒张压（24h-DBP）、夜间平均收缩压（nSBP）、白昼平均收缩压（dSBP）、夜间平均收缩压（nDBP）、血压变异系数（CV）]和颈-桡动脉脉搏传导速度（crPWV）,分析24h-动态血压变异性、节律性特点和crPWV的影响因素。结果：腹型肥胖组患者非杓型血压、24h-SBP-CV、24h-DBP-CV、dSBP-CV、nSBP-CV、夜间SBP下降率以及crPWV均高于非腹型肥胖组（P<0.05）,腹型肥胖组患者动脉僵硬度增高发生率高于非腹型肥胖组患者（P<0.05）。控制混杂因素后,腹型肥胖组患者腰围与夜间SBP下降率（r=0.338）、24h-SBP-CV（r=0.279）、24h-DBP-CV（r=0.259）、dSBP-CV（r=0.208）、nSBP-CV（r=0.317）、crPWV（r=0.543）呈正相关性（P<0.05）。经多元线性回归分析结果显示,腰围、LDL-C、夜间SBP下降率、24h-SBP-CV和nSBP-CV是crPWV的重要影响因素（P<0.05）。结论：腹部脂肪沉积对老年正常高值血压患者24h动态血压变异性和动脉僵硬度有显著影响,部分24h-动态血压参数与动脉僵硬度有关,控制腰围对预防动脉硬化有着重要的意义。     

高血压患者动态血压变异与中医体质分类的相关性研究及中医干预

目的：以中山市石岐区退休干部为样本,探讨高血压患者动态血压变异与中医体质分类的相关性,并观察中医干预对血压变异的影响。方法：选取部分中山市石岐区退休干部进行血压测量,筛查出原发性高血压患者465例进行24 h动态血压监测,根据24 h动态血压昼夜节律变化,分为杓型组和非杓型组,比较2组患者中医体质分类。观察非杓型患者经中医干预前后的血压昼夜节律变化情况。结果：比较杓型组与非杓型组的中医体质分类,差异有统计学意义（P＜0．05）,杓型组多见湿热质、痰湿质,非杓型组多见阴虚质、气虚质和阳虚质。通过适当的中医干预有助于改善血压昼夜节律变化,有助于使非杓型血压向杓型血压转归（P＜0．05）。结论：中医体质分类与高血压患者动态血压变异有相关性,可为临床观察高血压患者动态血压变异做客观依据,为高血压患者实施个体化中医干预提供客观依据。     

比索洛尔与硝苯地平联合治疗原发性高血压临床疗效观察

目的探讨比索洛尔与硝苯地平联合治疗原发性高血压的效果。方法选取2012年1月~2015年3月我中心诊治的263例原发性高血压患者作为研究对象,将患者随机分为对照组131例(硝苯地平治疗组)和治疗组132例(比索洛尔联合硝苯地平治疗组),并对两组疗效及不良反应进行比较分析。结果治疗2个疗程后,两组患者血压均有所下降,治疗组总有效率(93.18%)显著优于对照组(81.68%),差异具有统计学意义(P0.05);治疗期间不良反应发生率比较,治疗组为10.61%,对照组为9.92%,差异无统计学意义(P0.05)。结论比索洛尔联合硝苯地平治疗原发性高血压的效果显著,不良反应少,值得临床上推广应用。     

贝那普利联合氨氯地平对高血压患者降压效果、血压变异性及心功能的影响

目的:探讨贝那普利联合氨氯地平对高血压患者降压效果、血压变异性(BPV)及心功能的影响。方法:选取2015年2月～2018年12月期间西安交通大学医学院附属三二〇一医院收治的131例高血压患者,根据随机数字表法分为对照组(n=65)和研究组(n=66),对照组患者给予氨氯地平治疗,研究组在对照组基础上联合贝那普利治疗。比较两组患者治疗后的降压效果、BPV以及心功能指标,记录两组患者治疗期间不良反应情况。结果:两组患者治疗4个月后收缩压(SBP)、舒张压(DBP)均下降,且研究组低于对照组(P0.05)。两组患者治疗4个月后24 h收缩压变异性(24hSBPV)、白天收缩压变异性(dSBPV)、24h舒张压变异性(24hDBPV)、白天舒张压变异性(dDBPV)均下降,且研究组低于对照组(P0.05),而夜间收缩压变异性(nSBPV)、夜间舒张压变异性(nDBPV)比较差异无统计学意义(P0.05)。两组患者治疗4个月后A峰速度、A/E峰值均下降,且研究组低于对照组(P0.05)。两组患者治疗4个月后E峰速度、EF值均升高,且研究组高于对照组(P0.05)。两组不良反应发生率比较无差异(P0.05)。结论:贝那普利联合氨氯地平治疗高血压患者的降压效果确切,可有效改善患者BPV及心功能,且安全性较好。     

EFFECT OF IMIDAPRIL IN DIPPER AND NONDIPPER HYPERTENSIVE PATIENTS: COMPARISON BETWEEN MORNING AND EVENING ADMINISTRATION

The purpose of the study was to identify differences in the patterns of efficacy and duration of effects of imidapril administered at different times of the day (morning versus evening) in dipper and nondipper hypertensive patients. Twenty patients with untreated hypertension were classified into two groups: dippers (n = 9) and nondippers (n = 11). Imidapril (10 mg) was given at 07:00 or 18:00 for 4 weeks in a crossover fashion. Blood pressure (BP) and heart rate (HR) were monitored before and after morning and evening treatment every 30 min for 48h by ambulatory BP monitoring (ABPM). In dipper hypertension, the mean 48h BP was reduced with both doses. The decrease in the diurnal BP was stronger when the drug was administered in the evening than morning, but without significant difference. In nondipper hypertension, the systolic BP decreased at night with both doses, but the extent of the nocturnal reduction in systolic BP was greater after morning therapy. There were no significant differences in the decrease in BP during the day or night between the morning and evening administrations. When imidapril was administered in the morning, its serum concentration reached a maximum at 16:00, and when the drug was administered in the evening, it reached a maximum at 6:00. In dipper hypertension, the time taken for the blood concentration of imidapril to reach a maximum changed depending on its time of administration, and the time when the maximum antihypertensive effect of the drug appeared was different. In nondipper hypertension, decreases in the BP were confirmed at night regardless of the time of administration; this might be caused by angiotensin converting enzyme (ACE) inhibitors effectively blocking the BP from increasing by activating the parasympathetic nervous system. Therefore, when assessing the effectiveness of antihypertensive agents, factors such as the various patterns of BP before therapy and administration time must be considered. (Chronobiology International, 17(2), 209–219, 2000)     

Angiotensin receptor blockers shift the circadian rhythm of blood pressure by suppressing tubular sodium reabsorption

Recently, we found that an angiotensin II receptor blocker (ARB) restored the circadian rhythm of the blood pressure (BP) from a nondipper to a dipper pattern, similar to that achieved with sodium intake restriction and diuretics (Fukuda M, Yamanaka T, Mizuno M, Motokawa M, Shirasawa Y, Miyagi S, Nishio T, Yoshida A, Kimura G. J Hypertens 26: 583-588, 2008). ARB enhanced natriuresis during the day, while BP was markedly lower during the night, resulting in the dipper pattern. In the present study, we examined whether the suppression of tubular sodium reabsorption, similar to the action of diuretics, was the mechanism by which ARB normalized the circadian BP rhythm. BP and glomerulotubular balance were compared in 41 patients with chronic kidney disease before and during ARB treatment with olmesartan once a day in the morning for 8 wk. ARB increased natriuresis (sodium excretion rate; U(Na)V) during the day (4.5 ± 2.2 to 5.5 ± 2.1 mmol/h, P = 0.002), while it had no effect during the night (4.3 ± 2.0 to 3.8 ± 1.6 mmol/h, P = 0.1). The night/day ratios of both BP and U(Na)V were decreased. The decrease in the night/day ratio of BP correlated with the increase in the daytime U(Na)V (r = 0.42, P = 0.006). Throughout the whole day, the glomerular filtration rate (P = 0.0006) and tubular sodium reabsorption (P = 0.0005) were both reduced significantly by ARB, although U(Na)V remained constant (107 ± 45 vs. 118 ± 36 mmol/day, P = 0.07). These findings indicate that the suppression of tubular sodium reabsorption, showing a resemblance to the action of diuretics, is the primary mechanism by which ARB can shift the circadian BP rhythm into a dipper pattern.     

Effect of imidapril in dipper and nondipper hypertensive patients: comparison between morning and evening administration

The purpose of the study was to identify differences in the patterns of efficacy and duration of effects of imidapril administered at different times of the day (morning versus evening) in dipper and nondipper hypertensive patients. Twenty patients with untreated hypertension were classified into two groups: dippers (n = 9) and nondippers (n = 11). Imidapril (10 mg) was given at 07:00 or 18:00 for 4 weeks in a crossover fashion. Blood pressure (BP) and heart rate (HR) were monitored before and after morning and evening treatment every 30 min for 48h by ambulatory BP monitoring (ABPM). In dipper hypertension, the mean 48h BP was reduced with both doses. The decrease in the diurnal BP was stronger when the drug was administered in the evening than morning, but without significant difference. In nondipper hypertension, the systolic BP decreased at night with both doses, but the extent of the nocturnal reduction in systolic BP was greater after morning therapy. There were no significant differences in the decrease in BP during the day or night between the morning and evening administrations. When imidapril was administered in the morning, its serum concentration reached a maximum at 16:00, and when the drug was administered in the evening, it reached a maximum at 6:00. In dipper hypertension, the time taken for the blood concentration of imidapril to reach a maximum changed depending on its time of administration, and the time when the maximum antihypertensive effect of the drug appeared was different. In nondipper hypertension, decreases in the BP were confirmed at night regardless of the time of administration; this might be caused by angiotensin converting enzyme (ACE) inhibitors effectively blocking the BP from increasing by activating the parasympathetic nervous system. Therefore, when assessing the effectiveness of antihypertensive agents, factors such as the various patterns of BP before therapy and administration time must be considered.     

Administration Time‐Dependent Effects of Valsartan on Ambulatory Blood Pressure in Elderly Hypertensive Subjects

Previous results have indicated that valsartan administration at bed‐time, as opposed to upon wakening, improves the diurnal/nocturnal ratio of blood pressure (BP) toward a normal dipping pattern, without loss of 24 h efficacy. This ratio is characterized by a progressive decrease with aging. Accordingly, we investigated the administration time‐dependent antihypertensive efficacy of valsartan, an angiotensin blocking agent, in elderly hypertensive patients. We studied 100 elderly patients with grade 1–2 essential hypertension (34 men and 66 women), 68.2±4.9 years of age, randomly assigned to receive valsartan (160 mg/d) as a monotherapy either upon awakening or at bed‐time. BP was measured for 48 h by ambulatory monitoring, at 20 min intervals between 07∶00 to 23∶00 h and at 30 min intervals at night, before and after 3 months of therapy. Physical activity was simultaneously monitored every minute by wrist actigraphy to accurately determine the duration of sleep and wake spans to enable the accurate calculation of the diurnal and nocturnal means of BP for each subject. There was a highly significant BP reduction after 3 months of valsartan treatment (p<0.001). The reduction was slightly larger with bed‐time dosing (15.3 and 9.2 mm Hg reduction in the 24 h mean of systolic and diastolic BP, respectively) than with morning dosing (12.3 and 6.3 mm Hg reduction in the 24 h mean of systolic and diastolic BP, respectively). The diurnal/nocturnal ratio, measured as the nocturnal decline of BP relative to the diurnal mean, was unchanged in the group ingesting valsartan upon awakening (?1.0 and ?0.3 for systolic and diastolic BP; p>0.195). This ratio was significantly increased (6.6 and 5.4 for systolic and diastolic BP; p<0.001) when valsartan was ingested at bed‐time. The reduction of the nocturnal mean was doubled in the group ingesting valsartan at bed‐time, as compared to the group ingesting it in the morning (p<0.001). In elderly hypertensive patients, mainly characterized by a diminished nocturnal decline in BP, bed‐time valsartan dosing is better than morning dosing since it improves efficacy during the nighttime sleep span, with the potential reduction in cardiovascular risk that has been associated with a normalized diurnal/nocturnal BP ratio.     

Blunting of circadian rhythms and increased acrophase variability in sleep-time hypertensive subjects

24 h and ultradian rhythms of blood pressure (BP) have been previously shown to be disorganized in nocturnal hypertensive subjects. The present study was undertaken to further analyze the ultradian and circadian BP rhythm structure in sleep-time hypertensive subjects with normal or elevated awake-time BP levels. Fourier analysis was used to fit 24, 12, 8, and 6 h curves to mean BP as well as heart rate (HR) time series data derived from 24 h ambulatory blood pressure monitoring. Awake and sleep periods were defined according to individual sleep diaries. Awake-time hypertension was defined as diurnal systolic (SBP) and/or diastolic BP (DBP) means ≥135/85 mmHg. Sleep-time hypertension was defined as nocturnal SBP and/or DBP means ≥120/70 mmHg. The sample included 240 awake-time normotensive subjects (180 sleep-time normotensives and 60 sleep-time hypertensives) and 138 untreated awake-time hypertensive subjects (31 sleep-time normotensives and 107 sleep-time hypertensives). The amplitude and integrity (i.e., percent rhythm) of the 24 and 12 h BP rhythms were lower in the sleep-time hypertensive subjects and higher in the awake-time hypertensive subjects. However, no differences were detected when the integrity and amplitude of the 6 and 8 h mean BP rhythms were analyzed. The sleep-time hypertensive group showed significantly higher 24 h BP rhythm acrophase variability. No differences could be found in any of the HR rhythm parameters. Altogether, the findings suggest a disorganization of the BP circadian rhythm in sleep-time hypertensives that results in reduced 24 h rhythm amplitude and integrity that could be related to cardiovascular risk.     

Blood pressure and heart rate variability are linked with hyperphosphatemia in chronic kidney disease patients

ABSTRACT

Hyperphosphatemia is a common complication of chronic kidney disease (CKD) and is associated with cardiovascular disease (CVD), which has contributed to an increase in mortality of CKD patients. The onset of CVD often varies by time-of-day. Acute myocardial infarction or ventricular arrhythmia occurs most frequently during early morning. Blood pressure (BP) and heart rate circadian rhythms account for the diurnal variations in CVD. Preservation of normal circadian time structure from the cardiomyocyte level to the whole organ system is essential for cardiovascular health and CVD prevention. Independent risk factors, such as reduced heart rate variability (HRV) and increased BP variability (BPV), are particularly prevalent in patients with CKD. Analysis of HRV is an important clinical tool for characterizing cardiac autonomic status, and reduced HRV has prognostic significance for various types of CVD. Circadian BP rhythms are classified as extreme dipper, dipper, non-dipper or riser. It has been reported that nocturnal riser BP pattern contributes to cardiovascular threats. Previous studies have indicated that the circadian rhythm of serum phosphate in CKD patients is consistent with the general population, with the highest diurnal value observed in the early morning hours, followed by a progressive decrease to the lowest value of the day, which occurs around 11:00 am. Rhythm abnormalities have become the main therapeutic target for treating CVD in CKD patients. It has been reported that high levels of serum phosphate are associated with reduced HRV and increased BPV in CKD patients. However, the mechanisms related to interactions between hyperphosphatemia, HRV and BPV have not been fully elucidated. This review focuses on the evidence and discusses the potential mechanisms related to the effects of hyperphosphatemia on HRV and BPV.     

Metabolic cycles are linked to the cardiovascular diurnal rhythm in rats with essential hypertension

Background

The loss of diurnal rhythm in blood pressure (BP) is an important predictor of end-organ damage in hypertensive and diabetic patients. Recent evidence has suggested that two major physiological circadian rhythms, the metabolic and cardiovascular rhythms, are subject to regulation by overlapping molecular pathways, indicating that dysregulation of metabolic cycles could desynchronize the normal diurnal rhythm of BP with the daily light/dark cycle. However, little is known about the impact of changes in metabolic cycles on BP diurnal rhythm.

Methodology/Principal Findings

To test the hypothesis that feeding-fasting cycles could affect the diurnal pattern of BP, we used spontaneously hypertensive rats (SHR) which develop essential hypertension with disrupted diurnal BP rhythms and examined whether abnormal BP rhythms in SHR were caused by alteration in the daily feeding rhythm. We found that SHR exhibit attenuated feeding rhythm which accompanies disrupted rhythms in metabolic gene expression not only in metabolic tissues but also in cardiovascular tissues. More importantly, the correction of abnormal feeding rhythms in SHR restored the daily BP rhythm and was accompanied by changes in the timing of expression of key circadian and metabolic genes in cardiovascular tissues.

Conclusions/Significance

These results indicate that the metabolic cycle is an important determinant of the cardiovascular diurnal rhythm and that disrupted BP rhythms in hypertensive patients can be normalized by manipulating feeding cycles.