Crystallographic and NMR Evidence for Flexibility in Oligosaccharyltransferases and Its Catalytic Significance

1. Download : Download high-res image (156KB)
2. Download : Download full-size image

Highlights? OST transfers an oligosaccharide chain to the Asn-X-Ser/Thr sequons in proteins ? A plastic segment found in crystal structures underwent dynamic motions in solution ? An engineered disulfide bond that locked the conformation abolished the OST activity ? Dynamic sequon recognition is implicated in efficient cotranslational N-glycosylation     

Y-Family Polymerase Conformation Is a Major Determinant of Fidelity and Translesion Specificity

1. Download : Download high-res image (246KB)
2. Download : Download full-size image

Highlights? Y-family polymerases differ in fidelity and translesion synthesis specificity ? Polymerase fidelity and specificity are controlled by the interdomain linker ? Three amino acids in the interdomain linker are sufficient to determine conformation ? Differences in polymerase conformation determine differences in polymerase activity     

FANCM and FAAP24 Maintain Genome Stability via Cooperative as Well as Unique Functions

1. Download : Download high-res image (315KB)
2. Download : Download full-size image

Highlights? FANCM and FAAP24 exhibit nonepistatic functions in cell survival upon DNA damage ? FAAP24 confers unique lesion specificity in DNA damage cell-cycle checkpoint ? FANCM translocase activity is involved in recombination-independent ICL repair     

Design of a Phosphorylatable PDZ Domain with Peptide-Specific Affinity Changes

1. Download : Download high-res image (234KB)
2. Download : Download full-size image

Highlights? Successful design of phosphorylation sites into a globular protein ? Redesigned PDZ domain phosphorylation is associated with local destabilization ? Phosphorylation switches peptide binding function ? Phosphorylation switches peptide recognition specificity     

Structural Characterization of a Mouse Ortholog of Human NEIL3 with a Marked Preference for Single-Stranded DNA

1. Download : Download high-res image (422KB)
2. Download : Download full-size image

Highlights? Neil3 is an Fpg/Nei DNA glycosylase of the base excision repair pathway ? Neil3 excises a broad spectrum of base lesions, with a marked preference for ssDNA ? We report a crystal structure of Neil3 DNA glycosylase ? The structure provides valuable insights into Neil3′s unusual substrate specificity     

The Structure of the Tiam1 PDZ Domain/ Phospho-Syndecan1 Complex Reveals a Ligand Conformation that Modulates Protein Dynamics

1. Download : Download high-res image (206KB)
2. Download : Download full-size image

Highlights? The Tiam1 PDZ domain preferentially binds a subset of syndecan (SDC) proteins ? The PDZ domain/phospho-SDC1 structure reveals a phosphoryl binding pocket ? Ligand specificity and phosphorylation regulate PDZ/SDC interactions and signaling ? Tiam1 PDZ domain dynamics are ligand-dependent and regulated by phosphorylation     

Chemical attenuation of pilus function and assembly in Gram-negative bacteria

1. Download : Download high-res image (174KB)
2. Download : Download full-size image

Highlights? The promise of receptor analogues and biogenesis inhibitors to curb adhesive pili. ? Mannoside-based type 1 pilus inhibitors are effective against UPEC in a murine model of UTI. ? Pilus adhesins contain specificity and affinity-determining regions. ? Bi-cyclic 2-pyridones inhibit curli and chaperone–usher pilus biogenesis.     

The SH2 Domain Interaction Landscape

1. Download : Download full-size image

Highlights? The recognition specificity of 70 SH2 domains is probed ? Recognition specificity diverges faster than sequence ? PepspotDB is a database of protein interactions mediated by SH2 domains     

Regeneration of Human Tumor Antigen-Specific T Cells from iPSCs Derived from Mature CD8+ T Cells

1. Download : Download high-res image (133KB)
2. Download : Download full-size image

Highlights? iPSCs generated from T cells specific for the MART-1 melanoma epitope ? Differentiation of iPSCs into T cells with a MART-1 specific T cell receptor ? MART-1-based stimulation of T cells demonstrates retained antigen specificity     

DNA Minor Groove Sensing and Widening by the CCAAT-Binding Complex

1. Download : Download high-res image (287KB)
2. Download : Download full-size image

Highlights? CBC binds to the minor groove of the DNA and bends it in a nucleosome-like manner ? Interactions of subunit HapB with DNA explain the sequence specificity of the CBC ? Anchor A of HapB tethers the CBC to the CCAAT box by minor groove widening ? Interactions of the CBC with the histones H3/H4 of the nucleosome are modeled     

Generation of Rejuvenated Antigen-Specific T Cells by Reprogramming to Pluripotency and Redifferentiation

1. Download : Download high-res image (318KB)
2. Download : Download full-size image

Highlights? Reprogramming of antigen-specific T cells to generate iPSCs (T-iPSCs) ? Redifferentiation of CD8⁺ T cells, with original antigen specificity, from T-iPSCs ? Newly differentiated T cells show high proliferation and elongated telomeres ? T cell antigen-specific cytotoxicity is maintained     

SIP1 Mediates Cell-Fate Decisions between Neuroectoderm and Mesendoderm in Human Pluripotent Stem Cells

1. Download : Download high-res image (184KB)
2. Download : Download full-size image

Highlights? Smad-interacting protein 1 (SIP1) regulates hESC differentiation ? SIP1 upregulation promotes neuroectodermal differentiation ? SIP1 inhibits mesendodermal and endodermal differentiation ? SMAD2/3 and NANOG/OCT4/SOX2 cooperatively regulate SIP1 expression     

Comprehensive Analysis of Silencing Mutants Reveals Complex Regulation of the Arabidopsis Methylome

1. Download : Download high-res image (202KB)
2. Download : Download full-size image

Highlights? Genome-wide single-nucleotide resolution methylation maps in 86 silencing mutants ? Complex interplays between different DNA methylation pathways ? Identification of novel regulators of DNA methylation     

Tremor Suppression by Rhythmic Transcranial Current Stimulation

1. Download : Download high-res image (299KB)
2. Download : Download full-size image

Highlights? Phase-cancelling cortical stimulation attenuates Parkinsonian tremor ? Prolonged stimulation may invoke adaptive mechanisms ? Phase cancellation may provide a generic treatment approach to oscillopathies ? TACS provides a convenient probe of cortical circuit dynamics in humans     

MTR1 encodes a secretory fasciclin glycoprotein required for male reproductive development in rice

1. Download : Download high-res image (356KB)
2. Download : Download full-size image

Highlights? The fasciclin glycoprotein MTR1 regulates male reproductive development in rice ? Rice male reproductive cells secrete MTR1 to control somatic tapetum development     

Hypertrophy and unconventional cell division of hepatocytes underlie liver regeneration

1. Download : Download high-res image (442KB)
2. Download : Download full-size image

Highlights? Not all hepatocytes undergo cell division during liver regeneration ? Hypertrophy precedes proliferation in the regenerating liver ? Hepatocytes infrequently enter into M phase during liver regeneration ? Binuclear hepatocytes undergo cell division to generate mononuclear hepatocytes     

Perivascular Nitric Oxide Activates Notch Signaling and Promotes Stem-like Character in PDGF-Induced Glioma Cells

1. Download : Download high-res image (229KB)
2. Download : Download full-size image

Highlights? Perivascular niche nitric oxide activates Notch in PDGF-induced gliomas ? Notch signaling drives tumor stem-like characteristics and reduces survival ? Loss of eNOS activity decreases tumor stem-like characteristics ? Suppressing eNOS activity prolongs survival in glioma-bearing mice     

The Centrosome Regulates the Rab11- Dependent Recycling Endosome Pathway at Appendages of the Mother Centriole

1. Download : Download high-res image (153KB)
2. Download : Download full-size image

Highlights? Endosome-proteins localize to centrosomes independent of membranes ? Rab11 and its modulators localize to mother centriole appendages ? Mother centriole appendages regulate membrane recycling through Rab11     

System-wide Rewiring Underlies Behavioral Differences in Predatory and Bacterial-Feeding Nematodes

1. Download : Download high-res image (343KB)
2. Download : Download full-size image

Highlights? Massive neural circuit rewiring between nematodes with divergent feeding behavior ? Striking patterns correlate with known functional differences ? Motor synapse differences indicate a substantial change in information flow ? Correlates of predatory feeding behavior are identified     

Towards a structural understanding of PARP1 activation and related signalling ADP-ribosyl-transferases

1. Download : Download high-res image (247KB)
2. Download : Download full-size image

Highlights? PARP1 recognizes DNA strand breaks through substrate-assisted dimerization. ? PARP1 ZFIII and WGR domains link DNA break recognition to enzyme activation. ? Tankyrase-dependent PARylation regulates Wnt signalling and Cherubism syndrome.