谷氨酸对哺乳仔猪器官指数、血液生化指标、血脂水平和抗氧化能力的影响

为研究谷氨酸对哺乳仔猪器官指数、血液生化指标、血脂水平及抗氧化能力的影响。选取体况、胎龄和分娩日期一致的长×大母猪6头,每头母猪选取体重相似的仔猪8头(1.55±0.20 kg),其他的仔猪寄养。每窝仔猪按体重随机分为4个组(2头/组),每天分别按体重灌服0.18 g/kg氯化钠(对照组)、0.06 g/kg谷氨酸钠(低剂量组)、0.50 g/kg谷氨酸钠(中剂量组)和1.00 g/kg谷氨酸钠(高剂量组)。仔猪以每天称重后的体重为标准计算口服谷氨酸钠的剂量。分别于7日龄和21日龄各组每窝随机选取1头仔猪屠宰取样。结果表明:灌服谷氨酸对7日龄和21日龄仔猪心指数、肝指数、脾指数和肾指数均没有显著影响(P0.05)。灌服高剂量谷氨酸显著升高了7日龄哺乳仔猪血清谷氨酰胺合成酶活性和血红蛋白含量及21日龄哺乳仔猪血清谷氨酰胺合成酶活性(P0.05),显著降低了21日龄仔猪血清内毒素ET含量及ATPase活性(P0.05)。灌服中剂量谷氨酸显著降低了7日龄和21日龄哺乳仔猪血清游离脂肪酸含量,对21日龄仔猪血清高密度脂蛋白水平也有显著影响(P0.05)。灌服中剂量谷氨酸显著升高了7日龄哺乳仔猪血清总抗氧化能力(P0.05),显著降低了7日龄哺乳仔猪血清谷胱甘肽硫转移酶和超氧化物歧化酶活性及丙二醛含量(P0.05)。灌服中高剂量谷氨酸显著降低了21日龄仔猪血清谷胱甘肽硫转移酶活性和丙二醛含量(P0.05),显著升高了21日龄仔猪血清超氧化物歧化酶活性(P0.05)。因此,灌服谷氨酸能够显著影响哺乳仔猪血液生化和血脂水平、提高哺乳仔猪抗氧化能力     

布拉氏酵母菌散剂对NASH大鼠的疗效及其作用机制探讨

目的观察口服布拉氏酵母菌散剂对NASH大鼠的疗效及其对sR—A的影响。方法42只雄性Sprague Dawley（SD）大鼠,随机分为正常对照组（NG,n=14）、模型组（MG,n=14）和干预组（TB,n=14）;正常组给予普通饲料喂养,模型组给予高脂饲料喂养,17周起干预组给予布拉氏酵母菌散剂灌胃,24周末将所有大鼠一并处死。比较各组血清内毒素、谷丙转氨酶、谷草转氨酶;计算非酒精性脂肪性肝病评分;采用免疫荧光法测定SR—A蛋白的表达,RealtimePCR法检测大鼠肝脏SR-A、TNF—αmRNA水平。结果与正常对照组相比,模型组的大鼠门冬氨酸氨基转氨酶（AST）、丙氨酸氨基转氨酶（ALT）均明显升高;干预组的大鼠AST、ALT与模型组相比均下降;模型组血清内毒素水平与正常对照组相比明显增加[（0．36±0．02）EU／mL vs（0．17±0．01）EU／mL,P〈0．05];而与模型组相比,干预组血清内毒素水平减少（0．22±0．01）EU／mL vs（0．36±0．02）EU／Ml,P〈0．05）。肝组织SR—A在正常对照组呈弥漫性表达,模型组肝脏的表达明显减少,干预组肝组织SR—A的表达较模型组升高。模型组的大鼠肝组织SR—AmRNA水平与正常组相比显著减少（0．52±0．32vs1．43±0．46,P〈0．05）;而与模型组相比,干预组的大鼠肝组织SR—AmRNA增加（0．87±0．34vs0．52±0．32。P〈0．05）。与正常组相比,模型组的大鼠肝组织TNF-αmRNA水平明显增加（1．56±0．35vs0．57±0．23,P〈0．05）;而与模型组相比,干预组的大鼠肝组织TNF—dmRNA水平减少（1．23±0．24vs1．564-0．35,P〈0．05）。结论布拉氏酵母菌散剂能够减轻肝脏脂肪变性及炎症程度,其机制可能与改善肠道菌群、减少肠源性内毒素、增加肝组织SR-A的表达有关。     

两种植物提取物复合物对断奶仔猪免疫功能的影响

本试验旨在研究日粮中添加两种植物提取物对断奶仔猪免疫指标的影响。选取胎次相近(3~6胎次)、体重相近、25日龄断奶的"Y x L"仔猪120头,随机分为4组,每组3个重复,每个重复10头。其中,对照组饲喂基础日粮,3个试验组分别在基础日粮上添加20 mg/kg硫酸抗敌素+100 mg/kg杆菌肽锌、400 mg/kg植物提取物复合物I、400 mg/kg植物提取物复合物Ⅱ,试验期30天。结果表明:与对照组相比,45日龄时两组植物提取物复合物组IgA、IgM、IgG、C3、C4、IL-2、IFN-γ含量均显著提高(P 0. 05),RBC总数与IL-6含量升高; 60日龄时,三个试验组IL-2、IL-6、IFN-γ显著提高(P 0. 05),两组植物提取物复合物组IgM、IgG、C3、C4含量及RBC总数均极显著提高(P 0. 01),IgA含量显著提高(P 0. 05)。上述结果表明,两组植物提取物复合物能够改善断奶仔猪的免疫功能。     

Nrf2及其相关因子在非酒精性脂肪肝炎形成过程中的作用

目的：通过观察大鼠非酒精性脂肪肝炎（NASH）形成过程中脂质代谢、肝组织病理学改变、核因子E2相关因子2（Nrf2）及相关键因子的转录和蛋白水平的变化,探讨Nrf2及其相关因子在NASH形成过程中的作用。方法：sD大鼠分为正常组和模型组,以饲喂高脂饲料建立非酒精性脂肪肝炎模型,分别于4、12周末处死,检测血清和肝组织中谷丙转氨酶（ALT）、谷草转氨酶（AST）、总胆固醇（TC）、甘油三酯（TG）、高密度脂蛋白胆固醇（HDL-C）、低密度脂蛋白胆固醇（LDL-C）含量;油红O染色法检测肝组织内脂肪沉积变化,常规HE染色观察肝组织病理学改变,计算NAFLD活动度积分（NAS）,免疫组化检测肝组织Nrf2表达;Real-time PCR和Westernblot技术检测肝组织Nrf2及其相关因子mRNA和蛋白表达水平。结果：①4周模型组大鼠血清ALT、AST、TC和肝组织TC、TG、LDL-C等指标较同期正常组均显著增高（P〈0．01,P〈0．05）,12周模型组大鼠血清、肝组织脂质含量持续增高（P〈0．01,P〈0．05）,肝组织HDL-C较正常组显著降低（P〈0．05）,比4周变化明显。②4周和12周模型组大鼠肝细胞内沉积大量脂肪滴,肝细胞脂肪变严重,伴有肝细胞气球样变;且随着高脂饮食喂养时间的延长,肝组织内脂肪沉积以及肝细胞脂肪变程度明显加重,NAFLD评分、Nrf2表达强度均显著增高（P〈0．01）。③4周、12周模型组大鼠Nrf2、H01、NQOt、rGCS、GST的mRNA和蛋白表达均有不同程度的上调或抑制,且12周比4周变化明显（P〈0．01,P〈0．05）。结论：Nrf2及相关因子可能参与了非酒精性脂肪性肝病的发生发展过程,在NASH形成过程中起着重要的作用。     

刺五加提取物对早期断奶仔猪生长性能和血清生化参数的影响

早期断奶会使仔猪产生心理、环境和营养应激反应,引起仔猪腹泻、营养不良和生长迟滞等。本试验通过在日粮中添加刺五加提取物,饲喂21日龄断奶仔猪,观察其生长性能、腹泻指数、器官指数和血清生化参数等指标的变化,为开发绿色防病促生长剂提供理论依据。结果表明,刺五加提取物能够显著提高早期断奶仔猪的平均日采食量和平均日增重(P<0.05),降低料肉比,显著防治早期断奶仔猪腹泻(P<0.05),其作用强于粘杆菌素;刺五加提取物组第1周的α-淀粉酶、谷草转氨酶和谷丙转氨酶活性均大于对照组(P>0.05),第2周的尿素氮含量极显著大于抗生素组和对照组(P<0.01),碱性磷酸酶活性显著小于对照组(P<0.05),第4周的α-淀粉酶和脂肪酶活性显著大于对照组(P<0.05)。上述结果提示,刺五加提取物能够缓解仔猪的早期断奶应激,增强机体抵抗力,促进生长。     

Ipriflavone对雄性大鼠生长及血液睾酮水平的影响

目的：观察伊普异黄酮（IP）对雄性动物生长、骨骼肌肉发育以及相关内分泌的影响。方法：24只1月龄雄性大鼠分为IP组和对照组,IP组于基础日粮中添加伊普异黄酮3mg·kg^-1,实验持续30d。结果：与对照组相比,IP组大鼠日增重和采食量分别提高12．4％（P〈0．01）和17．8（P〈0．01）;胴体重增高10．70％（P〈0．05）,骨骼肌重有所增加,而腰胁部脂肪重则显著降低;股骨重和骨密度均有增加;血液睾酮含量IP组大鼠超过对照组约42％,而雌二醇含量略有降低。结论：伊普异黄酮能促进雄性大鼠生长,内源睾酮在参与这一生理过程中起重要作用。     

发酵中药渣对围产期母猪和哺乳仔猪血浆生化参数和抗氧化指标的影响

为了探讨发酵中药渣在妊娠母猪饲粮中添加的可行性,试验选用2~4胎次、预产期相近的二元妊娠母猪60头,随机分为对照组、中药渣组和发酵中药渣组,比较研究饲粮添加黄芪、当归、益母草和金银花等中药渣发酵前后对围产期母猪和哺乳仔猪血浆生化参数和抗氧化指标的影响。结果表明:与对照组相比,中药渣组母猪产后14和21 d血浆ALT活性显著升高(P0.05),7日龄仔猪血浆ALP活性显著降低(P0.05);发酵中药渣组母猪产后7 d血浆ALT和CAT活性、产后14 d血浆ALP和GSH-Px活性以及产后21 d血浆ALT和CAT活性均显著升高(P0.05),产后14和21 d血浆MDA含量显著降低(P0.05),14日龄仔猪血浆MDA含量显著降低(P0.05)、T-AOC活性显著升高(P0.05),21日龄仔猪血浆CAT活性显著升高(P0.05)。证实了饲粮添加发酵中药渣可改变围产期母猪及哺乳仔猪的机体代谢、增强机体抗氧化能力。     

高龄孕妇妊娠晚期心电图与妊娠结局的关系

目的：观察妊娠晚期孕妇的异常心电图变化和妊娠结局。方法：妊娠晚期孕妇按年龄分为35岁以上组和35岁以下组,行心电图检查,统计各型异常心电图发生率,记录妊娠、分娩结局及是否出生低体重儿。结果：妊娠晚期35岁以上组孕妇异常心电图发生率显著高于35岁以下组（P〈0．05）;其中,卵段改变、心律失常发生率前者显著高于后者（P〈0．05）;各型心律失常中,前者窦性心动过缓、室性早搏的发生率显著高于后者（P〈0．05）,而窦性心动过速的发生率明显低于后者（P〈0．05）。心电图异常者35岁以上组妊娠丢失率明显高于35岁以下心电图正常和异常组（P〈0．05）;35岁以上孕妇心电图异常组早产发生率高于心电图正常组（P〈0．05）;心电图异常35岁以上组新生儿低体重发生率显著高于心电图正常35岁以下组（P〈0．05）。结论：高龄孕妇妊娠晚期易发生心律失常、心肌缺血等异常心电图,异常心电图高龄孕妇易发生妊娠丢失、早产及分娩低体重婴儿。     

2型糖尿病患者血脂水平与心脑血管并发症的相关性分析

目的：探讨2型糖尿病患者血脂水平与其心脑血管并发症的相关性。方法：选择中国医科大学附属盛京医院2011年3月～2012年5月就诊的2型糖尿病患者236例和同期200例健康体检者为研究对象,检测和比较其空腹血糖（FBG）、胆固醇（CH）、甘油三酯（11G）、高密度脂蛋白（HDL）和低密度脂蛋白（LDL）水平。结果：2型糖尿病组患者FBG、血清CH、TG、LDL的含量与对照组比较均显著升高（P〈0．01）,而HDL的含量较对照组显著降低（P〈0．01）;在2型糖尿病组中,有心脑血管并发症的患者血清CH、TG、LDL的含量显著高于无并发症者（P〈0．01）;而血清HDL含量显著低于无并发症者（P〈0．01）。相关性分析结果显示,2型糖尿病患者CH、TG和LDL的含量与其合并心脑血管并发症均存在正相关（r=0．337,P〈0．05;r==0．514,P〈0．05;r=0．438,P〈0．05）,而HDL的含量与其合并心脑血管并发症存在显著负相关（r=-0．237,P〈0．05）。结论：2型糖尿病患者存在显著的糖脂代谢紊乱,且血脂水平与心脑血管并发症的发生密切相关,检测并控制2型糖尿病患者的血脂水平有助于预防其心脑血管病变的发生。     

钙网质蛋白在多囊卵巢综合征大鼠子宫内膜的表达及意义

目的：研究钙网质蛋白（CRT）在PCOS大鼠子宫内膜中的表达及生物学意义。方法：60只雌性SD大鼠随机分为PCOS组和对照组,每组各30只。给模型组24日龄大鼠皮下埋植左旋甲基炔诺酮硅胶棒3mm／只,3d后BID皮下注射人绒毛膜促性腺激素1．5IU。给对照组皮下注射等体积生理盐水。注射9d后观察大鼠卵巢形态学（HE染色）,化学发光法测定性激素水平。结果：模型组大鼠卵巢重量和体积均显著高于对照组（P〈0．01）。模型组大鼠卵巢出现类多囊卵巢综合征的改变。模型组卵巢各级发育期卵泡及黄体少见,卵泡多呈囊性扩张。模型组大鼠血清孕激素、睾酮、空腹胰岛素、空腹血糖水平均显著高于对照组（P〈0．05）;卵泡刺激素（FSH）水平显著低于对照组（P〈0．05）。LH／FSH比值显著高于对照组（P〈0．05）。采用免疫组织化学方法及灰度值测定,定量分析CRT在PCOS组和对照组的子宫内膜中表达。CRT在两组中的子宫内膜中均有表达。PCOS组子宫内膜上皮CRT表达显著低于对照组（P〈0．01）。结论：避孕硅胶棒联合hCG诱导SD大鼠多囊卵巢综合征模型是较好的PCOS模型。CRT与PCOS的发病密切相关．     

六种藓类植物茎的比较解剖学研究

通过对6种藓类植物,即褶叶青藓(Brachythecium salebrosum(Web.et Mohr.)B.S.G.)、湿地匐灯藓(Plagiomnium acutum(Lindb.)Kop.)、侧枝匐灯藓(Plagiomnium maximoviczii(Lindb.)Kop.)、大凤尾藓(Fissidensnobilis Griff.)、大羽藓(Thuidium cymbifolium(Doz.et Molk.)B.S.G.)和大灰藓(Hypnum plumaeforme Wils.)嫩茎和老茎的石蜡切片和显微观察发现,同一藓类植株的嫩茎和老茎,茎结构稳定,不同种藓类植物茎横切面具有不同特征.植物体茎横切面形状、表层细胞的层数、细胞大小和细胞壁厚薄、皮层细胞大小和形状、中轴的有无以及比例等特征可以作为藓类植物的分科分类依据之一.     

Photoregulation of seed germination of wild-type and of an aurea-mutant of tomato

Seed germination of an aurea mutant of tomato ( Lycopersicon esculentum Mill.) is promoted by continuous irradiation with red, far-red or long-wavelength far-red (758 nm) light as well as by cyclic irradiations (5 min red or 5 min far-red/25 min darkness). Far-red light applied immediately after each red does not change the germination behaviour. Seed germination of the isogenic wild-type, cv. UC-105, is promoted by continuous and cyclic red light while it is inhibited by continuous and cyclic far-red light and by continious 758 nm irradiation. Far-red irradiation reverses almost completely the promoting effect of red light. The promoting effect (in the aurea mutant) and the inhibitory effect (in the wild-type) of continuous far-red light do not show photon fluence rate dependency above 20 nmol m⁻² s⁻¹. It is concluded that phytochrome controls tomato seed germination throgh low energy responses in both the wild type and the au mutant. The promoting effect of continuous and cyclic far-red light in the au mutant can be attributed to a greater sensitivity to P_fr.     

Cause of Senescence of Nine Sorts of Flowers

The levels of endogenous phytohormones and respiratory rate in nine sorts of flowers such as Cymbidium faberi Rolfe, Nopalxochia ackermannii Kunth and others were investigated both at full bloom and senescence and meanwhile the effect of exogenous phytohormones on prolonging the blossoms and promoting ethylene production were tested. There is a high content of endogenous ethylene in all the long-lived flowere, about 3–16 folds higer than the short-lived ones. There is a high level of ABA at full blooming flowers of short-lived flowers, in which there is no or only some cytokinins in it, but the ratio of CTK (6BA+zeatin)/ABA is smaller(l.7). The endogenous ABA reached a much higher level at senescence in all nine sorts of flowers, so it is reasonable to consider that it is ABA which plays an important role of regulation in controlling flower's senescence. There is a much higher level of GA3 and zeatin in the long-lived flowers which is not demonstrated in the shortlived ones. The respiratory rate is one of the factors controtling the longevity of flowers, but it does not play a decided role. Application of 6BA and zeatin prolongs distinctly orchid’s longevity, however exogenous IAA through the promotive action on ethylene production, evidently extends the longevity of the flowers of the Nopalxochia ackermannii Kunth.     

真菌类遗传学分析的知识结构教学

本文以认知结构理论为指导,讨论了真菌类遗传分析与高等动植物遗传分析的内在联系,认为利用这种内在联系进行教学可收到好的效果并说明了作者的具体教学过程。 Abstract:In the paper, the relationship between genetic analysis of Fungi and genetic analysis of high animal and plant was discussed.A good results were obtained when we adopted this method in the teaching.     

龙胆科药用植物化学成分的研究现状

龙胆科植物在我国的分布范围很广,且多数为药用植物,其多数种属的药用植物,至今其化学成分尚未被系统研究。综述了目前龙胆科药用植物的化学成分的研究现状及一般提取方法,对近年来发现的环烯醚萜及裂环烯醚萜类化合物进行了总结,为本科药用植物的更深入研究提供了参考。     

Interconnection of parameters of regulation system of lipid peroxidation and of morphophysiological parameters of mouse liver

A complex analysis of seasonal fluctuations of the mean group parameters of the system of regulation of lipid peroxidation has been performed in liver of Balb/c mice. Association of lipid characteristics and morphophysiological parameters is studied in the Balb/c mouse liver. An inter-connection is revealed between the liver index and the amount of lysoforms of phospholipids, the scale and character of the interconnection differing essentially depending on proportion of phos-phatidylcholine in mouse liver phospholipids.     

The effects of glutamine of the maintenance of embryogenic cultures of Cryptomeria japonica

Summary Embryogenic tissues of sugi (Cryptomeria japonica) were induced on a modified Campbell and Durzan (CD) medium containing 1 μM 2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid (2,4-D) and 600 mg l⁻¹ glutamine, and subcultured in the medium of the same composition for over 1 yr. This resulted in a mixed culture of embryogenic and non-embryogenic cells. When embryogenic cells were isolated and cultured independently, their capacity to form embryogenic aggregates was lost. Thus, the non-embryogenic cells present within a mixed culture system were essential to the formation of embryogenic aggregates. When embryogenic tissues were isolated and cultured independently on a high glutamine-containing (2400 mg l⁻¹) medium, dry weights and endogenous levels of glutamine increased, and the tissue could generate a large number of embryogenic aggregates. Amino acid analysis of embryogenic and non-embryogenic cells from the maintenance culture indicated a higher level of glutamine was present in the latter. The high endogenous level of glutamine in the non-embryogenic portion of mixed cell masses may be the supplier of glutamine for maintaining the embryogenic property of the tissues.     

Specificity of action of piperidylcholine derivatives as substrates of cholinesterases of various origin

The review deals with study of enzymologic properties of a novel highly specific acetylcholinesterase substrate, N-(β-acetoxyethyl) piperidinium iodomethylate (“piperidylcholine”), and its 30 derivatives that were tested as effectors of cholinesterases of mammals and various species of Pacific squids. It was proven for the first time that responsible for specificity of action was structure of cyclic ammonium grouping of the alcohol part of molecule of the ester substrate. Analysis of specificity is performed based on enzymatic hydrolysis parameters—activity of catalytic center of cholinesterases and bimolecular constant of the reaction rate that are determined at optimal and low substrate concentrations. Among the specially synthesized group of thioester compounds there is revealed one more highly specific acetylcholinesterase substrate—N-(β-acetoxyethyl) piperidinium.