Essential Oil Compositions and Antibacterial and Antioxidant Activities of Five Lavandula stoechas Cultivars Grown in Thailand

The essential oils of five Lavandula stoechas cultivars grown in Thailand were characterized for their volatile compounds using GC‐FID and GC/MS methods as well as screened for antibacterial and antioxidant activities. Dried aerial parts, including flowers and stems from each cultivar, were subjected to hydrodistillation for 4 h. The essential oil yields were 0.18 %–0.82 % w/w. Of the 95 compounds detected and identified, 1,8‐cineole, fenchone, and camphor were considered the major compounds. Essential oil from each cultivar demonstrated different patterns of antibacterial activity and a variety of antioxidant properties. The highest antibacterial activity, MIC=0.39 mg mL^?1, was observed from the essential oil of L. stoechas ‘major’ (against Klebsiella pneumoniae and Salmonella typhimurium) and the essential oil of L. stoechas ‘white lavender’ (against S. typhimurium). The essential oil of L. stoechas×viridis ‘St. Brelade’ possessed the highest antioxidant capacity, as determined by the DPPH and ABTS assays (IC₅₀ of 67.65 and 89.26 mg mL^?1, respectively). The results indicated that some of these essential oils could be used as key ingredients in lavender oil products in Thailand to increase their therapeutic efficacy, depending on their intended application.     

Chemical Composition and Antibacterial Activity of Essential Oils from Different Parts of Litsea cubeba

The composition of the essential oils obtained by hydrodistillation of different parts of Litsea cubeba, including roots, stems, leaves, alabastra (flower buds), flowers, and fruits, were investigated by GC (RI) and GC/MS. The antimicrobial activity of the oils was assessed with disc diffusion and microbroth dilution assays. The results showed large variations in the composition among the different oils. The major components in the oils from roots and fruits, from stems, leaves, and alabastra, and from flowers were citral B (neral), β‐phellandrene, and β‐terpinene, respectively. The inhibition zone (DD) and MIC values for the bacterial strains tested, which were all sensitive to the essential oil of L. cubeba, were in the range of 10.1–35.0 mm and 100–1000 μg/ml, respectively. Hence, the oils of the various parts showed moderate activity against the tested bacteria. This investigation showed that the antibacterial activity of L. cubeba was attributed to the essential oils, thus they can be a potential medicinal resource.     

Chemical Composition and Biological Activities of the Essential Oil from Leaves and Flowers of Pulicaria incisa sub. candolleana (Family Asteraceae)

The composition of the essential oil isolated from leaves and flowers of Pulicaria incisa sub. candolleana E. Gamal ‐Eldin , growing in Egypt, was analysed by GC and GC‐MS. Forty‐nine and 68 compounds were identified from the oils of the leaves and flowers accounting for 86.69 and 84.29%, respectively of the total detected constituents. Both leaves and flowers oils were characterized by the high content of carvotanacetone with 66.01, 50.87 and chrysanthenone 13.26, 24.3%, respectively. The cytotoxic activity of both essential oils was evaluated against hepatocellular carcinoma cell line HEPG‐2, using MTT assay and vinblastine as a reference drug. Leaf oil showed higher activity with IC₅₀ 11.4 μg/ml compared with 37.4 μg/ml for flower oil. The antimicrobial activity of both oils was evaluated using agar well diffusion method towards two representatives for each of Gram positive and Gram negative bacteria as well as four representatives for fungi. The minimum inhibitory concentration of both essential oils against bacterial and fungal strains was obtained in the range of 0.49 – 15.63 μg/ml.     

Chemical Variability and Biological Activities of Brassica rapa var. rapifera Parts Essential Oils Depending on Geographic Variation and Extraction Technique

In the present work, the Brassica rapa var. rapifera parts essential oils and their antioxidant and antimicrobial activities were investigated for the first time depending on geographic origin and extraction technique. Gas‐chromatography (GC) and GC/mass spectrometry (MS) analyses showed several constituents, including alcohols, aldehydes, esters, ketones, norisoprenoids, terpenic, nitrogen and sulphur compounds, totalizing 38 and 41 compounds in leaves and root essential oils, respectively. Nitrogen compounds were the main volatiles in leaves essential oils and sulphur compounds were the main volatiles in root essential oils. Qualitative and quantitative differences were found among B. rapa var. rapifera parts essential oils collected from different locations and extracted by hydrodistillation and microwave‐assisted hydrodistillation techniques. Furthermore, our findings showed a high variability for both antioxidant and antimicrobial activities. The highlighted variability reflects the high impact of plant part, geographic variation and extraction technique on chemical composition and biological activities, which led to conclude that we should select essential oils to be investigated carefully depending on these factors, in order to isolate the bioactive components or to have the best quality of essential oil in terms of biological activities and preventive effects in food.     

Antioxidant,antimicrobial activities and comparative analysis of the composition of essential oils of leaf,stem, flower and aerial part of Nepeta hindostana

Nepeta hindostana (B.Heyne ex Roth) Haines is belonging to lamiaceae family and used as a component of herbal ayurvedic formulation Abana which is useful for the treatment of Hyperlipidemia, Dyslipidemia and Hypercholesterolemia. In the present study, the essential oil from aerial parts (flower, leaves, stem and whole aerial) was collected and the major constituents of essential oils were characterized by GC-FID and GC/MS and further evaluated for their antioxidant and antimicrobial efficacy. The major components of the essential oil were sesquiterpene hydrocarbons (77.2, 80.5, 62.5, 77.8%), oxygenated sesquiterpenes (10.5, 9.2, 20.6, 9.2%) and oxygenated monoterpenes (5.3, 4.2, 2.5, 3.6%) in leaves, stem, flowers and aerial part, respectively. The major compounds in essential oils were identified as β-sesquiphellandrene, cadina-1,4-diene, α-cadinene, (E)-caryophyllene, α-humulene and β-bisabolene. At 100 μg/mL concentration, leaves essential oil showed strong 2,2-diphenyl-1-picryl-hydrazyl-hydrate free radical scavenging activity with the IC₅₀ 2.8 μg/mL and 34.0% by β-carotene bleaching assay. Furthermore, the antibacterial activity was tested against four Gram-negative and five Gram-positive pathogenic strains. The essential oil from flower showed potent activity (37.5 μg/ml) against S. aureus, S. mutans but was less active against Gram-negative bacterial strains. In anti-MRSA activity, leaves and flowers exhibited strong activity against S. aureus (SA-2071) and S. aureus (SA-4627) with lowest IC₅₀ value of 50–100 μg/mL. Overall, N. hinodostana (L.) essential oil represented a potential reservoir of molecules having potent antioxidant and antimicrobial potential.     

Chemical Composition of the Leaf and Flower Essential Oils of Tunisian Lavandula dentata L. (Lamiaceae)

Essential oils of Lavandula dentata, a Tunisian native plant, were isolated from leaves and flowers by hydrodistillation in a Clevenger‐type apparatus and characterized by GC‐FID and GC/MS analyses. The average essential oil yields, means of five replicates, were higher for the flowers (8.60 mg/g) than for the leaves (6.56 mg/g). A total of 72 compounds were identified, accounting for 98.1 and 97.7% of the total oil composition of the leaves and flowers, respectively. The main essential oil constituents were 1,8‐cineole, camphor, and L ‐fenchone, accounting for 33.54, 18.89, and 8.36% in the leaf oils and for 19.85, 23.33, and 7.13% in the flower oils, respectively. Besides this quantitative variation, the results also showed considerable qualitative variation between the essential oils of the two plant parts analyzed. These differences might be adaptative responses to ecological exigencies.     

Chemical Composition and in vitro Biological Activities of Essential Oils from Conchocarpus fontanesianus (A. St.‐Hil.) Kallunki & Pirani (Rutaceae)

This study aimed at assessing the chemical composition of the essential oils from leaves and fruits of Conchocarpus fontanesianus, an endemic Brazilian species of Rutaceae. The plant material was harvested from two regions of the Atlantic rainforest in the State of São Paulo. The volatile compounds in the essential oils were extracted by hydrodistillation (HD), and analyzed by GC/FID and GC/MS, allowing the quantification and identification of 54 components in total, which comprise about 97% of the total oil composition. From the leaves collected in Caraguatatuba and Juréia‐Itatins, the major volatile compounds identified were as follows: spathulenol (22.32% and 16.67%) and α‐cadinol (9.7% and 14.76%). However, β‐myrcene (34.56%), (+)‐epi‐bicyclosesquiphellandrene (8.71%), and bicyclogermacrene (5.80%) were dominant in the fruits collected only in Juréia‐Itatins. The in vitro biological activities were tested to evaluate the cytotoxic, antifungal, and antioxidant potential of essential oils from leaves and fruits.     

Variation in anthocyanin and essential oil composition and their antioxidant potentialities during flower development of Borage (Borago officinalis L.)

The aim of this study was to examine the chemical composition and antioxidant activities of the essential oils and anthocyanin of Borago officinalis flowers. At the flowering stage, the essential oil yield in Korba (0.95 ± 0.03%) was higher than that in Beja (0.29 ± 0.03%, w/w). The essential oil composition was characterized by high proportions of (E,E)-decadienal, the main compound of monoterpene aldehydes class. The reverse phase–high-performance liquid chromatography–mass spectrometry analysis indicated that flower anthocyanins were extracted and analysed for the first time and petunidin 3,5 diglucoside (58.8% in Korba and 54.93% in Beja) was the major anthocyanin followed by delphinidin 3,5 diglucoside (36.45% in Korba and 44.45% in Beja). During the development of borage flower, anthocyanin yield increased significantly (P < 0.05) from budding to full flowering stages in the two studied regions. Antioxidant activity of anthocyanin extracts and essential oil followed the same trend as anthocyanin and essential oil yields in Korba and Beja regions. In all tests, anthocyanin extracts of borage flowers showed better antioxidant activity than essential oils. A notable variability was found among the anthocyanin and essential oil concentrations and their antioxidant activities between the two studied regions, indicating a strong influence of the degree of maturity on metabolite production.     

Composition and Antimicrobial Activity of the Essential Oils of Laserpitium latifolium L. and L. ochridanum Micevski (Apiaceae)

The chemical composition and antimicrobial activity of essential oils of Laserpitium latifolium and L. ochridanum were investigated. The essential oils were isolated by steam distillation and characterized by GC‐FID and GC/MS analyses. All essential oils were distinguished by high contents of monoterpenes, and α‐pinene was the most abundant compound in the essential oils of L. latifolium underground parts and fruits (contents of 44.4 and 44.0%, resp.). The fruit essential oil was also rich in sabinene (26.8%). Regarding the L. ochridanum essential oils, the main constituents were limonene in the fruit oil (57.7%) and sabinene in the herb oil (25.9%). The antimicrobial activity of these essential oils as well as that of L. ochridanum underground parts, whose composition was reported previously, was tested by the broth‐microdilution method against four Gram‐positive and three Gram‐negative bacteria and two Candida albicans strains. Except the L. latifolium underground‐parts essential oil, the other investigated oils showed a high antimicrobial potential against Staphylococcus aureus, S. epidermidis, Micrococcus luteus, or Candida albicans (minimal inhibitory concentrations of 13.0–73.0 μg/ml), comparable to or even higher than that of thymol, which was used as reference compound.     

Chemical Composition and Biological Investigations of Eryngium triquetrum Essential Oil from Algeria

The chemical composition, antibacterial and antioxidant activities of the essential oil obtained from Eryngium triquetrum from Algeria were studied. The chemical composition of sample oils from 25 locations was investigated using GC‐FID and GC/MS. Twenty‐four components representing always more than 87% were identified in essential oils from total aerial parts of plants, stems, flowers and roots. Falcarinol is highly dominant in the essential oil from the roots (95.5%). The relative abundance of falcarinol in the aerial parts correlates with the phenological stages of the plant. Aerial parts of E. triquetrum produce an essential oil dominated by falcarinol during the early flowering stage, and then there is a decrease in falcarinol and rebalancing of octanal during the flowering stage. To our knowledge, the present study is the first report of the chemical composition of E. triquetrum essential oil. Evaluation of the antibacterial activity by means of the paper disc diffusion method and minimum inhibitory concentration assays, showed a moderate efficiency of E. triquetrum essential oil. Using the DPPH method, the interesting antioxidant activity of E. triquetrum essential oil was established. These activities could be attributed to the dominance of falcarinol. The outcome of our literature search on the occurrence of falcarinol in essential oils suggests that E. triquetrum from Algeria could be considered as a possible source of natural falcarinol.     

Chemical Diversity and Antimicrobial Activity of Volatile Compounds from Zanthoxylum zanthoxyloides Lam. according to Compound Classes,Plant Organs and Senegalese Sample Locations

The chemical diversity of Zanthoxylum zanthoxyloides growing wild in Senegal was studied according to volatile compound classes, plant organs and sample locations. The composition of fruit essential oil was investigated using an original targeted approach based on the combination of gas chromatography (GC) and liquid chromatography (LC) both coupled with mass spectrometry (MS). The volatile composition of Z. zanthoxyloides fruits exhibited relative high amounts of hydrocarbon monoterpenes (24.3 – 55.8%) and non‐terpenic oxygenated compounds (34.5 – 63.1%). The main components were (E)‐β‐ocimene (12.1 – 39%), octyl acetate (11.6 – 21.8%) and decanol (9.7 – 15.4%). The GC and GC/MS profiling of fruit essential oils showed a chemical variability according to geographical locations of plant material. The LC/MS/MS analysis of fruit oils allowed the detection of seven coumarins in trace content. The chemical composition of fruit essential oils was compared with volatile fractions of leaves and barks (root and trunk) from the same plant station. Hexadecanoic acid, germacrene D and decanal were identified as the major constituents of leaves whereas the barks (root and trunk) were dominated by pellitorine (85.8% and 57%, respectively), an atypic linear compound with amide group. The fruit essential oil exhibited interesting antimicrobial activities against Staphylococcus aureus and Candida albicans, particularly the alcohol fraction of the oil.     

In vitro Biological Activities of Seed Essential Oils from the Cameroonian Spices Afrostyrax lepidophyllus Mildbr. and Scorodophloeus zenkeri Harms Rich in Sulfur‐Containing Compounds

The chemical composition of the essential oils obtained from the seeds of bush onion (Afrostyrax lepidophyllus) and tropical garlic tree (Scorodophloeus zenkeri), plants used as spices in the traditional African cuisine, was determined by GC‐FID and GC/MS analyses. Moreover, in vitro biological properties of the oils, namely, the cytotoxic, antioxidant, and antimicrobial activities, were investigated by the MTT, the DPPH^. and ABTS^.+ scavenging, and the agar disc‐diffusion methods, respectively. Both oils were composed mainly by S‐containing compounds, accounting for 91.0–96.1% of the total oil compositions, which provided them the typical garlic‐ and onion‐like odors of spices. The predominant compound in both oils, 2,4,5,7‐tetrathiaoctane ( 1 ; 51.5–52.9%), was isolated by preparative TLC and structurally elucidated by ¹H‐ and ¹³C‐NMR data. The oils exhibited a strong inhibitory effect on the growth of human cancer cells, namely, T98G (human glioblastoma multiforme cell line), MDA‐MB 231 (human breast adenocarcinoma cell line), A375 (human malignant melanoma cell line), and HCT116 (human colon carcinoma cell line) cells, and a good DPPH^.‐ and ABTS^.+‐scavenging activity, while the antimicrobial effects were negligible. The volatile compositions of A. lepidophyllus and S. zenkeri oils supported their use as odorous spices. The significant inhibition activities detected make these oils worthy of further investigation as promising chemopreventive agents to be exploited in the African pharmaceutical market.     

Variation of the Chemical Composition and Antimicrobial Activity of the Essential Oils of Natural Populations of Tunisian Daucus carota L. (Apiaceae)

The essential oils of Daucus carota L. (Apiaceae) seeds sampled from ten wild populations spread over northern Tunisia were characterized by GC‐FID and GC/MS analyses. In total, 36 compounds were identified in the D. carota seed essential oils, with a predominance of sesquiterpene hydrocarbons in most samples (22.63–89.93% of the total oil composition). The main volatile compounds identified were β‐bisabolene (mean content of 39.33%), sabinene (8.53%), geranyl acetate (7.12%), and elemicin (6.26%). The volatile composition varied significantly across the populations, even for oils of populations harvested in similar areas. The chemometric principal component analysis and the hierarchical clustering identified four groups, each corresponding to a composition‐specific chemotype. The in vitro antimicrobial activity of the isolated essential oils was preliminarily evaluated, using the disk‐diffusion method, against one Gram‐positive (Staphylococcus aureus) and two Gram‐negative bacteria (Escherichia coli and Salmonella typhimurium), as well as against a pathogenic yeast (Candida albicans). All tested essential oils exhibited interesting antibacterial and antifungal activities against the assayed microorganisms.     

Essential Oil from Blackcurrant Buds as Chemotaxonomy Marker and Antimicrobial Agent

Dormant buds are recognized as valuable side product of the blackcurrant cultivation. Four blackcurrant varieties cultivated in Serbia, i.e., Ben Sarek, Ometa, Ben Lomond, and Ben Nevis, were evaluated for the content, chemical composition, and antimicrobial activity of their bud essential oils. The oil yields of buds harvested during two different growth periods ranged from 1.2–2.0%, and the variety Ometa had the highest yield among the tested varieties. GC‐FID and GC/MS analysis of the oils allowed the identification of eight main components, i.e., α‐pinene (1.6–5.4%), sabinene (1.9–38.4%), δ‐car‐3‐ene (13.0–50.7%), β‐phellandrene (2.9–18.0%), terpinolene (6.6–11.9%), terpinen‐4‐ol (0.9–6.6%), β‐caryophyllene (3.8–10.4%), and α‐humulene (0.2–4.1%). In addition, the similarity degree of the essential‐oil compositions of buds harvested from the upper and lower parts of the shrubs was investigated by hierarchical clustering. All essential oils originating from the same genotype were grouped in the same cluster, indicating the reliability of essential oils as chemotaxonomic markers. For more detailed chemotaxonomic investigations, the three compounds with the greatest variance were chosen, i.e., sabinene, δ‐car‐3‐ene, and β‐phellandrene, which proved to be efficient for the variety distinction. Factor analysis showed that the essential‐oil composition as chemotaxonomic marker in blackcurrants was more reliable for variety Ben Sarek than for variety Ben Nevis. Moreover, it was demonstrated that the essential oils had very strong inhibitory activity against all tested microorganisms. Fungi were more sensitive than bacteria; indeed their growth was completely inhibited at much lower concentrations. In comparison to commercial antibiotics, significantly lower concentrations of the oils were necessary for the complete inhibition of fungal growth.     

Comparative Evaluation of the Chemical Composition,Antioxidant and Antimicrobial Activities of the Volatile Oils of Hawk Tea from Six Botanical Origins

In this study, volatile oils of six Hawk tea varieties were studied for their chemical composition, antioxidant and antimicrobial activities to screen the most suitable botanical origins of Hawk tea. A total of 72 components were separated and identified from the six oils. The major constituents of the volatile oils were: α‐pinene, camphene, limonene, 1,8‐cineole, linalool, cis‐nerolidol, and germacrene B. Moreover, the volatile oils were evaluated for antioxidant potential and antimicrobial activities. The results showed that all volatile oils exhibited acceptable antioxidant and antimicrobial activities, which suggested that these volatile oils may serve as natural alternatives to synthetic antioxidants and preservatives to be applied in food and pharmaceutical industries. Principal component analysis results denoted that some major compounds may be closely related to the antioxidant and antimicrobial activities. It also showed that the volatile oils from Litsea coreana var. lanuginosa and Litsea pungens Hemsl . were characterized by positive values of first two principal components, indicating higher active chemical compounds and antioxidant and antimicrobial activities compared with other species. Thus, they were temporarily considered as good sources of Hawk tea.     

Characterization of Secondary Metabolites,Biological Activity and Glandular Trichomes of Stachys tymphaea Hausskn. from the Monti Sibillini National Park (Central Apennines,Italy)

Stachys tymphaea (Lamiaceae) is a perennial herb growing in forest openings and dry meadows of central and southern Italy. It was investigated for the first time here, determining the content of secondary metabolites, the micromorphology of glandular trichomes, the histochemical localization of secretion, and the biological activity of the volatile oil, namely, the cytotoxic, antioxidant, and antimicrobial properties. The plant showed a peculiar molecular pattern, being rich of biophenolic compounds as flavonoids, phenylethanoid glycosides, and caffeoylquinic acid derivatives, but poor of iridoids, which are known as marker compounds of the genus Stachys. The essential oil was characterized by GC‐FID and GC/MS analyses, revealing a high percentage of sesquiterpene hydrocarbons (54.6%), with germacrene D (30.0%) and (E)‐β‐farnesene (12.4%) as the most abundant compounds, while other main components were representatives of the diterpenes (19.2%), represented mainly by (E)‐phytol (11.9%). This composition supported the taxonomic relationships in the genus Stachys, which comprises oil‐poor species producing essential oils rich in hydrocarbons, with germacrene D as one of the predominant components. The micromorphological study revealed three types of glandular hairs, i.e., Type A peltate trichomes, being the primary sites of essential oil biosynthesis, Type B short‐stalked trichomes, typical mucopolysaccharide producers, and Type C long capitate trichomes, secreting a complex mixture of both lipophilic and hydrophilic substances, with a major phenolic fraction. Moreover, the MTT assay revealed the potential of the volatile oil to inhibit A375, HCT116, and MDA‐MB 231 tumor cells lines (IC₅₀ values of 23.9–34.4 μg/ml).     

Phytochemical Analysis and in vitro Free‐Radical‐Scavenging Activities of the Essential Oils from Leaf and Fruit of Melaleuca leucadendra L.

The phytochemical profile of Melaleuca leucadendra L. leaf and fruit oils from Cuba was investigated by GC and GC/MS. Forty‐one and sixty‐four volatile compounds were identified and quantified, accounting for 99.2 and 99.5% of the leaf‐oil and fruit‐oil total composition, respectively. The main components were 1,8‐cineol (43.0%), viridiflorol (24.2%), α‐terpineol (7.0%), α‐pinene (5.3%), and limonene (4.8%) in the leaf oil, and viridiflorol (47.6%), globulol (5.8%), guaiol (5.3%), and α‐pinene (4.5%) in the fruit oil. The antioxidant capacity of these essential oils was determined by three different in vitro assays (2,2‐diphenyl‐1‐picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) radical, thiobarbituric acid reactive species (TBARS), and 2,2′‐Azinobis(3‐ethylbenzothiazoline‐6‐sulfonic acid) (ABTS) radical cation), and significant activities were evidenced for all of them.     

Chemical Composition,Antibacterial, Antioxidant and in Vitro Antidiabetic Activities of Essential Oils from Eruca vesicaria

This work describes the study of the chemical composition and bioactivity of the essential oils (EOs) of the different organs (leaves, flowers, stems and roots) from Eruca vesicaria. According to the GC and GC/MS analysis, all the EOs were dominated by erucin (4‐methylthiobutyl isothiocyanate) with a percentage ranging from 17.9 % (leaves) to 98.5 % (roots). The isolated EOs were evaluated for their antioxidant (DPPH, ABTS and β‐carotene/linoleic acid), antibacterial and inhibitory property against α‐amylase and α‐glucosidase. Most EOs exhibited an interesting α‐glucosidase and α‐amylase inhibitory potential. The roots essential oil was found to be the most active with IC₅₀ values of 0.80±0.06 and 0.11±0.01 μg mL^?1, respectively. The essential oil of roots exhibited the highest antioxidant activity (DPPH, PI=92.76±0.01 %; ABTS, PI=78.87±0.19; and β‐carotene, PI=56.1±0.01 %). The isolated oils were also tested for their antibacterial activity against two Gram‐positive and three Gram‐negative bacteria. Moderate results have been noted by comparison with Gentamicin used as positive control.     

Chemical Composition and Antimicrobial Activity of the Volatile Fractions from Leaves and Flowers of the Wild Iraqi Kurdish Plant Prangos peucedanifolia Fenzl

The volatile fractions isolated from Prangos peucedanifolia Fenzl leaves and flowers were investigated for their phytochemical composition and biological properties. Flower and leaf hydrodistillation afforded 3.14 and 0.49 g of yellowish oils in 1.25 and 0.41% yields, respectively, from dry vegetable materials. According to the GC‐FID and GC/MS analyses, 36 (99.35% of the total oil composition) and 26 compounds (89.12%) were identified in the two oils, respectively. The major constituents in the flower volatile fraction were β‐pinene (35.58%), α‐pinene (22.13%), and β‐phellandrene (12.54%), while m‐cresol (50.38%) was the main constituent of the leaf volatile fraction. The antimicrobial activity was evaluated against several bacterial and fungal strains, on the basis of the minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) by the micro‐ and macrodilution methods. The two volatile fractions showed moderate antifungal and antibacterial activities, especially against Trichophyton rubrum (MIC of 2×10³ μg/ml), Streptococcus mutans, Streptococcus pyogenes, and Staphylococcus aureus (MIC≤1.9×10³ μg/ml for all).     

白木香花和果实挥发油成分的GC-MS分析

采用溶剂萃取法提取白木香(Aquilaria sinensis(Lourl.)Gilg)花和果实的挥发油,经GC-MS分析,从花挥发油中鉴定出26个化合物,占总油量的92.07%;从果实挥发油中鉴定出26个化合物,占总油量的93.66%.其中11个化合物为共有成分,且二者均含壬酸等致香成分.