RAPD分析快速鉴定双歧杆菌

本文应用ＲＡＰＤ技术,选用１１种引物,以嗜酸乳杆菌为对照,对６种１３珠双歧杆菌菌株基因组ＤＮＡ进行ＰＣＲ扩增,分析其ＤＮＡ指纹图谱,并计算其相似性指数。结果表明,双歧杆菌和非双歧杆菌之间,其相似性指数有显著差异;选择合适的引物进行扩增,双歧杆菌不同种间和同种不同株间可表现不同的ＤＮＡ指纹图谱。本文还对ＲＡＰＤ技术应用于双歧杆菌分类鉴定的可能性进行讨论。     

双歧杆菌对RAW264.7细胞的免疫刺激作用

为了检测双歧杆菌是否能增强巨噬细胞免疫因子的产生,用ＲＡＷ２６４．７细胞作为巨噬细胞模型,将８种不同的经热处理杀死的双歧杆菌分别与培养的ＲＡＷ２６４．７细胞温育。所有的双歧杆菌均能诱导ＴＮＦ－α及ＩＬ－６的产生,且产生ＴＮＦ－α及ＩＬ－６的量与双歧杆菌的剂量及诱导时间有关,在２４ｈ之内,与对照组相比,８种双歧杆菌均能增强ＴＮＦ－α和ＩＬ－６的产生,但是如果双歧杆菌与ＲＡＷ２６４．７细胞温育时间短（只有１４ｈ）,低剂量的双歧杆菌（１０μｇ／ｍＬ和５０μｇ／ｍＬ）就不能诱导ＴＮＦ－α和ＩＬ－６的产生。双歧杆菌     

随机扩增多态性DNA技术在林业中的应用

１ＲＡＰＤ的原理随机扩增多态性ＤＮＡ（ＲａｎｄｏｍＡｍｐｌｉｆｉｅｄＰｏｌｙｍｏｒｐｈｉｃＤＮＡ,ＲＡＰＤ）系１９９０年由美国科学家采用ＰＣＲ技术发展起来的。在发现ＲＡＰＤ多态性的同时,也证明了ＲＡＰＤ标记的分离符合孟德尔独立分配规律,从而确立了ＲＡ...     

RAPD技术及其在动物遗传育种中的应用

ＲＡＰＤ技术是在ＰＣＲ基础上发展起来的一种ＤＮＡ多态性检测技术,已广泛应用于基因组研究的种个领域。本文概述了ＲＡＰＤ反应的原理、特点,总结了其在遗传多样性检测、亲缘关系鉴定、遗传连锁分析和数量性状的辅助标记选择等方面的应用,并肯定了ＲＡＰＤ在动物遗传户种领域的应用前景。     

大鼠RAPD标记的观察

采用随机扩增多态ＤＮＡ（ＲＡＰＤ）技术,分析ＳＤ和Ｗｉｓｔａｒ二种大鼠的基因多态性,探讨用ＲＡＰＤ标记鉴别二种大鼠及其血标本实验中的认证,结果表明,二种大鼠表现出了各自不同的多态性ＲＡＰＤ标记,作为大鼠的分子标记,可在基因水平区别二种大鼠,故认为是一种大鼠研究的分子依据。     

植物RAPD标记的可靠性研究

随着ＲＡＰＤ技术应用范围越来越广,ＲＡＰＤ的优缺点也不断反映出来。相左实验结果的出现,对ＲＡＰＤ标记可靠性提出了置疑。本文从重复性、序列同源性和系统学价值三个方面,就ＲＡＰＤ标记的可靠性研究的现状进行了综述。并就怎样提高ＲＡＰＤ标记的可靠性进行了探讨     

种质资源鉴定的一种分子遗传技术标准：随机扩增多态性DNA（RAPD）

ＲＡＰＤ（随机扩增多态性ＤＮＡ）变异越来越多地被用于种质样品的鉴定。由于在某些条件下,ＲＡＰＤ结果重性较差,限制这一技术的应用。本文综合了一些文献中引起片段变异的主要原因,分析了减少这些不需要变异的方法。由此提出了一个含有全部描述符的项目表,它包括ＲＡＰＤ必不可少的条件和再现植物材料ＲＡＰＤ结构的必须核对的程序。此标准程序和描述形式有促进类似材料在不同实验室所做结果进行比较,而且允许ＲＡＰＤ结果作     

提高RAPD稳定性的几点经验与探讨

随机扩增多态ＤＮＡ(ＲＡＰＤ)技术自 1990年由Ｗｉｌｌｉａｍｓ和Ｗｅｌｓｈ建立以来 ,因其特异、快速、操作简便、敏感的优点 ,在微生物分型和检测[1 ,2 ] 、生物亲缘关系的鉴定[3] 以及遗传育种[4 ] 中已得到广泛应用 ,其原理与常规ＰＣＲ基本相同 ,但ＲＡＰＤ采取的引物多为一条随机的十聚寡核苷酸序列 ,这种引物不属于已知遗传位点 ,它能通过ＰＣＲ介导所有与其互补的基因区段进行扩增 ,产生一系列大小不同的片段 ,并通过琼脂糖凝胶电泳而呈现不同的ＤＮＡ指纹图。由于ＲＡＰＤ不需要知道模板的序列 ,且引物序列无种属特异性 ,在对遗传…     

提高RAPD稳定性的几点经验与探讨

ＲＡＰＤ技术自 1 990年由Ｗｉｌｌｉａｍｓ和Ｗｅｌｓｈ建立以来 ,因其特异、快速、操作简便、敏感的优点 ,在微生物分型和检测[1,2 ] 、生物亲缘关系的鉴定[3 ] 以及遗传育种[4] 中已得到广泛应用 ,其原理与常规ＰＣＲ基本相同 ,但ＲＡＰＤ采取的是引物多为一条随机的十聚核苷酸序列 ,这种引物不属于已知遗传位点 ,它能通过ＰＣＲ介导所有与其互补的基因区段进行扩增 ,产生一系列大小不同的片断 ,并通过琼脂糖凝胶电泳而呈现不同的ＤＮＡ指纹图。由于ＰＡＰＤ不需要知道模板的序列 ,且引物序列无种属特异性 ,在对遗传背景所知甚少的物种的…     

利用RAPD技术进行植物性状标记及辅助选择

近等基因系、混合分离群体法是ＲＡＰＤ 标记的主要策略。目前,ＲＡＰＤ标记广泛用于抗线虫、抗病、雄性不育等辅助选择的研究中,取得了可喜的成绩。由于遗传距离的不同,使ＲＡＰＤ 标记具有基因型的差异。寻找无重组的ＲＡＰＤ 标记或将ＲＡＰＤ标记转化为ＲＦＬＰ标记,可以解决这一问题。随着连锁程度的降低选择效率也随着降低。相斥相的ＲＡＰＤ标注可提高选择效率将ＲＡＰＤ标记转化为ＳＣＡＲｓ、ＡＰＳＰｓ 标记,可以解决ＲＡＰＤ 标记稳定性差的问题。来源于ＲＡＰＤ 标记的ＳＣＡＲｓ 标记将在辅助选择中发挥巨大的作用。     

Identification and differentiation of Lactobacillus, Streptococcus and Bifidobacterium species in fermented milk products with bifidobacteria

The aim of this study was to identify and discriminate bacteria contained in commercial fermented milks with bifidobacteria by the use of amplified ribosomal DNA restriction analysis (ARDRA) and randomly amplified polymorphic DNA (RAPD) techniques. ARDRA of the 16S rDNA gene and RAPD were performed on 13 Lactobacillus strains, 13 Streptococcus and 13 Bifidobacterium strains isolated from commercial fermented milk. Lactobacillus delbrueckii, Streptococcus thermophilus and Bifidobacterium animalis isolates were identified by genus- and species-PCR and also, they were differentiated at genus and species level by ARDRA using MwoI restriction enzyme. The ARDRA technique allowed for the discrimination among these three related genus with the use of only one restriction enzyme, since distinctive profiles were obtained for each genus. Therefore it can be a simple, rapid and useful method for routine identification. Also, RAPD technique allowed the discrimination of all bacteria contained in dairy products, at genus- and strain-level by the performance of one PCR reaction.     

RAPD and rep-PCR fingerprinting for characterization of <Emphasis Type="Italic">Bifidobacterium</Emphasis> species

DNA fingerprinting methods, RAPD with 7 random primers, and rep-PCR using both BOXA1R and (GTG)(5) ones, were used for the discrimination of 16 type and collection Bifidobacterium strains of 9 species of human origin, B. animalis ssp. animalis and B. animalis ssp. lactis and 7 Bifidobacterium strains collected in the Culture Collection of Dairy Microorganisms (CCDM). Both RAPD and rep-PCR methods provided similar results. The strains were identified as B. animalis ssp. lactis (6 strains) and B. adolescentis (1 strain). The reclassification of the collection strain CCM 3761 as B. pseudocatenulatum species (previously classified as B. adolescentis) was confirmed.     

Application of the methods of molecular systematics to classification and identification of bacteria of the genus Bifidobacterium

The methods of molecular systematics currently used in the classification and identification of bifidobacteria are reviewed. The sequencing of the 16S rRNA gene and some other genes considered to be phylogenetic markers is a universal and effective approach to taxonomic characterization of members of the genus Bifidobacterium and to reliable identification of new isolates. Various techniques of obtaining DNA fingerprints (PFGE, RAPD, rep-PCR) are widely used for solving particular problems in identifying bifidobacteria. Bacteria of the genus Bifidobacterium are important organisms in biotechnology and medicine. The research into molecular systematics of bifidobacteria provides a basis not only for the solution of taxonomic problems, but also for monitoring of individual species in the environment and for more detailed study of the genetics and ecology of this group of microorganisms.     

应用RAPD技术鉴别微生态菌种

目的：建立应用RAPD技术鉴别微生态菌种的方法,提高菌种鉴别水平。方法：应用RAPD（随机扩增多态性）方法,选用5条随机引物,利用PCR方法,对3株长双歧杆菌,3株嗜酸乳杆菌,3株粪肠球菌进行基因组DNA指纹图谱分析。结果：发现不同菌株扩增的DNA片段的大小、数量是有差异的。结论：此方法具有可重复性,方便、快速和准确的优势,可用于微生态制剂生产用菌株的鉴别。     

Rapid estimation of genetic relatedness among heterogeneous populations of alfalfa by random amplification of bulked genomic DNA samples

A procedure which involves the use of RAPD markers, obtained from bulked genomic DNA samples, to estimate genetic relatedness among heterogeneous populations is demonstrated in this study. Bulked samples of genomic DNA from several alfalfa plants per population were used as templates in polymerase chain reactions with different random primers to produce RAPD patterns. The results show that the RAPD patterns can be used to determine genetic distances among heterogeneous populations and cultivars which correspond to their known relatedness. The results also indicate that, by using ten primers with bulked DNA samples from ten individuals, 18–72 populations or cultivars can be distinguished from each other on the basis of at least one unique RAPD marker. We anticipate that DNA bulking and methods for comparing RAPD patterns will be very useful for identifying cultivars, for studying phylogenetic relationships among heterogeneous populations and for selecting parents to maximize heterosis in crosses.     

分子标记技术在玉米品种分析中的初步应用

以玉米沈丹16、沈丹2100的可见叶片为材料,采用CTAB-Ⅱ方法提取玉米基因组DNA,然后应用RAPD分子标记技术对基因组DNA进行多态性扩增。结果是：从RAPD反应所用的40个随机引物中筛选出11个适宜引物,共扩增出63条谱带,其中14条为差异性谱带,其余引物没有扩增出谱带,被淘汰;此次实验的RAPD反应系统虽然较成功,但不是最佳的,今后要进一步优化。     

RAPD技术及其在动物遗传育种中的应用

RAPD技术是在PCR基础上发展起来的一种DNA多态性检测技术,已广泛应用于基因组研究的各个领域。本文概述了RAPD反应的原理、特点,总结了其在遗传多样性检测、亲缘关系鉴定、遗传连锁分析和数量性状的辅助标记选择等方面的应用,并肯定了RAPD在动物遗传育种领域的应用前景。     

Isolation and random amplified polymorphic DNA analysis of genomic DNA from soybean embryos

Summary An isolation procedure was developed for the extraction of genomic DNA and Random Amplified Polymorphic DNA (RAPD) analysis using individual soybean embryos. This procedure can be used to quickly and efficiently isolate DNA from a large number of individuals. DNA isolations were analyzed for total yield, integrity, and usefulness as a template in RAPD analysis.     

Mining the microbiota of the neonatal gastrointestinal tract for conjugated linoleic acid-producing bifidobacteria

This study was designed to isolate different strains of the genus Bifidobacterium from the fecal material of neonates and to assess their ability to produce the cis-9, trans-11 conjugated linoleic acid (CLA) isomer from free linoleic acid. Fecal material was collected from 24 neonates aged between 3 days and 2 months in a neonatal unit (Erinville Hospital, Cork, Ireland). A total of 46 isolates from six neonates were confirmed to be Bifidobacterium species based on a combination of the fructose-6-phosphate phosphoketolase assay, RAPD [random(ly) amplified polymorphic DNA] PCR, pulsed-field gel electrophoresis (PFGE), and partial 16S ribosomal DNA sequencing. Interestingly, only 1 of the 11 neonates that had received antibiotic treatment produced bifidobacteria. PFGE after genomic digestion with the restriction enzyme XbaI demonstrated that the bifidobacteria population displayed considerable genomic diversity among the neonates, with each containing between one and five dominant strains, whereas 11 different macro restriction patterns were obtained. In only one case did a single strain appear in two neonates. All genetically distinct strains were then screened for CLA production after 72 h of incubation with 0.5 mg of free linoleic acid ml(-1) by using gas-liquid chromatography. The most efficient producers belonged to the species Bifidobacterium breve, of which two different strains converted 29 and 27% of the free linoleic acid to the cis-9, trans-11 isomer per microgram of dry cells, respectively. In addition, a strain of Bifidobacterium bifidum showed a conversion rate of 18%/microg dry cells. The ability of some Bifidobacterium strains to produce CLA could be another human health-promoting property linked to members of the genus, given that this metabolite has demonstrated anticarcinogenic activity in vitro and in vivo.     

Random-amplified polymorphic DNA (RAPD) analysis shows intraspecies differences among Xanthomonas albilineans strains

Five strains of Xanthomonas albilineans , causal agent of leaf scald disease in sugarcane from various geographical regions, were compared using random amplification of polymorphic DNA (RAPD) to determine whether they could be differentiated at the DNA level. CsC1-purified genomic DNA from these strains were amplified by the polymerase chain reaction (PCR) using arbitrary 10-mer primers according to standard RAPD conditions and the amplification product profiles analysed by conventional agarose gel electrophoresis. Although most RAPD markers were common to all five strains, unique profiles for each strain were discernible using four 10-mer arbitrary primers individually. Reproducible DNA fingerprints indicate that RAPD analysis can be used to identify and differentiate the X. albilineans strains. This technique has the potential for use in monitoring the appearance of foreign strains of X. albilineans in various geographical regions and could be used for the construction of phylogenetic trees.