中国象牙参属植物的分布及药用资源

目的:研究中国象牙参属植物种类分布及药用资源,探讨它们的分布特点及其药用价值.方法:通过野外调查,标本采集鉴定,馆藏植物标本的查阅和文献资料的整理进行研究.鲒果:中国象牙参属植物有14种3变种,其中有8种作为藏药和民间草药使用,具有补肺定喘,治咳嗽哮喘或温中散寒、止痛消食等功效等功效.结论:我国西南地区象牙参属药用植物资源丰富,值得进一步开发利用.     

獐芽菜属植物的药用民族植物学研究

獐牙菜属药用植物作为我国传统药物的重要来源之一,有些品种已被纳入卫生部标准藏药和国家中成药标准汇编内科肝胆分册。针对獐牙菜属药用植物的研究现状,本文从药用民族植物学角度对獐芽菜属药用植物资源的种类和分布、民族应用、化学成分、药理作用、临床应用及开发等几个方面进行了分析和总结,探讨獐牙菜属植物资源的开发利用现状并提出一些建议。     

广州市从化地区风水林药用植物资源

通过实地考察及文献查证,广州市从化地区风水林药用植物共353种,隶属于109科233属,包括蕨类植物26种,裸子植物4种,单子叶植物24种,双子叶植物299种。对药用植物物种组成、生活类型、优势科、药用功效、药用部位进行分析,结果表明,药用植物药用功效以清热解毒、疏风解表为主,种类占29.10%;药用部位以根入药的居多,占30.45%。此外,文中列出风水林药用植物资源中珍稀濒危植物生境及其功效。     

广东及香港、澳门鹅绒藤属药用植物资源

根据野外实地调查和文献查阅,对广东及香港、澳门鹅绒藤属药用植物资源的种类、分布、药用部位、化学成分与药理研究等方面进行了概述,并就该属植物在上述三地的资源保护与开发利用提出了建议。     

药用植物的结构、发育与其主要药用成分积累关系的研究

药用植物防病治病的基础是含有药用化学成分,这些药用成分都贮存在它们的药用部分(根、茎、树皮、叶、花、果实或种子等)内.为此,研究药用植物的结构、发育与其主要药用成分积累的关系,具有重要的理论和实践意义.应用植物解剖学、组织化学和植物化学等技术相结合的方法,先后研究和阐明了西洋参、金丝桃属和芦荟属植物、绞股蓝、盾叶薯蓣、青藤和毛青藤以及地黄等药用植物的主要药用化学成分在药用部分中积累的部位、贮存结构的特点,在植物不同生长发育时期中药用成分含量的变化规律以及同属不同种植物的结构与药用成分积累的关系.研究结果为药用植物的合理采收、制定植物药材的SOP、GAP,以及药用植物资源的开发利用和保护提供了科学依据.     

堇菜属植物的药用历史和品种考证

堇菜属植物药用历史悠久,品种繁多。本研究根据古本草文献中所载堇菜属植物的原文和附图,运用现代植物分类学方法,从药用历史和品种两方面对堇菜属药用植物进行本草考证,明确其历史源流,以期正本清源,为堇菜属药用植物的开发与应用奠定基础。     

从高山到河谷:德钦藏药植物资源的多样性及利用研究

为探讨复杂生境条件下,藏药植物资源的多样性和利用现状,选取云南迪庆藏族自治州西北部澜沧江、金沙江河谷;梅里雪山、白马雪山山区和高寒山区展开了藏药植物资源调查.结果表明:该地区使用的藏药资源丰富,共调查到药用植物144种,隶属于63科,126属;资源利用方式以野生采集为主(64%),人工栽培为辅(25%已开展栽培,11%正试验栽培);部分资源存在资源枯竭问题(26%).统计分析表明:从河谷到山区、高寒山区,各海拔梯度的植物资源均有较多使用,但使用的资源类群不同;随海拔高度上升,植物资源易濒危,难栽培,栽培开展受恶劣环境的抑制,受资源枯竭推动,易形成先枯竭、后栽培的不合理开发模式;资源使用过度、植物种群恢复能力弱、采集伤害重是天然资源枯竭的相关因素.应针对上述问题,制定适合特殊生境条件下藏药资源特点的开发策略.     

天目山自然保护区悬钩子属药用植物资源研究

通过野外调查、采集标本、分类鉴定和查阅文献相结合的方法对浙江省天目山国家级自然保护区悬钩子属植物的药用资源状况进行了较为系统的调查研究。结果发现 :该保护区有悬钩子属植物 1 6种和 1变种 ,它们都可以作为药用植物入药 ,且资源蕴藏量大 ,具有较高的开发利用价值。该项研究有助于该保护区悬钩子属药用植物的开发利用 ,对扩大该属植物药源和发展地方经济都将起到积极的促进作用     

无量山国家级自然保护区药用维管植物资源多样性研究

以景东无量山国家级自然保护区为对象,通过样地调查、标本鉴定和查阅资料,对保护区内药用维管植物的种类和生存状况进行研究。结果显示,保护区内药用维管植物共有80科168属218种,占该区维管植物总数的57.37%。药用维管植物生长型分析表明,草本植物占绝对优势。药用部位分析表明,以根和全草入药是其主要利用形式。对药用维管植物的功效分析显示,该地区以清热类、活血化淤类和祛风湿类药物为主。对保护区内药用维管植物濒危等级的评估显示,无危种类占总数的82.11%,说明保护状况良好。保护区不同功能区内维管植物物种丰富度为:核心区缓冲区实验区,其中药用维管植物所占的比例为:核心区缓冲区实验区。对不同功能区药用维管植物相似性分析结果表明,核心区和实验区物种为极不相似;核心区和缓冲区物种为轻度相似。本研究表明保护区的建立对药用植物多样性保护起到了重要作用,明确了保护区药用维管植物的种类及生存状况,为进一步开展药用植物资源的保护和利用研究提供了参考。     

新疆巩乃斯沟药用植物资源多样性研究

从数量、生活型、药用部位等方面对巩乃斯沟药用植物多样性进行了研究。巩乃斯沟的药用植物资源具有丰富的多样性,共有野生药用植物54科260多种,分别占伊犁河谷地区药用植物科、种数的54.54%和46.34%。其中珍稀濒危药用种子植物21种,新疆道地药材8种,蒙医药地道药材38种;多年生草本类型占该区药用种子植物总数的70%以上;全草类和根类药用植物最多,分别占该区药用种子植物总数的50.84%和21.40%,大多数种类属于北温带分布区类型;优势科主要有菊科、蔷薇科、毛茛科和豆科,优势属主要有蒿属,毛茛属和委陵菜属。本文提出了保护和开发利用的具体建议。     

An ethnobotanical survey of indigenous knowledge on medicinal plants used by the traditional healers of the Lwamondo area,Limpopo province,South Africa

The use of medicinal plants in the treatment and prevention of diseases is attracting the attention of scientists worldwide. Approximately 3000 plant species are currently used by an estimated 200,000 indigenous traditional healers in South Africa. The specific part of the plant used for medicinal applications varies from species to species, and from one traditional healer to another. This study was carried out to explore and record those plants and plant parts used for treating various human ailments by the traditional healers of the Lwamondo area in the Limpopo province, South Africa for medicinal purposes. Ethnobotanical data were collected from 30 traditional healers (24 females and 6 males) in the Lwamondo area of Venda, by means of a data capture questionnaire focusing on the local names of the medicinal plants, their medicinal uses, the plant parts used, and methods of preparation and of administering treatments to patients. The survey identified 16 medicinal plants from 7 families, with 14 genera, used to treat a range of ailments in the Lwamondo area. The Fabaceae family was the most commonly used plant family representing 43.8% of all the medicinal plants species recorded by this study, followed by the Varbenaceae family at 18.8%. The plant parts most frequently used were the roots (44.5%), followed by the leaves (25.9%), bark (14.8%), the whole plant (11%), and flowers (3.7%). Most of the traditional healers obtained their extracts by boiling the medicinal plants. The most often recurring ailment treated by healers was stomach problems, using 31.3% of all the medicinal plants reported in this study for preparing such treatments. The following medicinal plants were covered by this study: Annona senegalensis, Schkuhria pinnata, Diospyros mespiliformis, Piliostigma thonningii, Senna obtusifolia, Bauhinia galpinii. The rural communities of the Lwamondo area possess a wealth of information on medicinal plants and their applications. This ethnobotanical survey can help scientists identify for further research those plants whose medicinal properties may be useful in the development of new drugs.     

Plants used medicinally by folk healers of the Lahu people from the autonomous county of Jinping Miao,Yao, and Dai in Southwest China

The Kucong, a branch of Lahu and an indigenous ethnic group living in Jinping County, Yunnan Province, China, have a very short history of settled village life (about 40 years). According to the data of ethnobotanical investigation, 118 species of medicinal plants belonging to 57 families and 98 genera used by Lahu healers have been inventoried. The characteristics of medicinal plants coming from a great number of families and genera relate to the traditional life-style of the Lahu. The more common the diseases are, the more abundant the related medicinal knowledge is. The most frequently used parts of medicinal plants are the leaf (35.22%) and root (32.08%). The disappearance of environments related to the traditional life-style of the Lahu threatens the existence of their traditional medicinal knowledge, similar to threats facing many other traditional medicines. Collection and inventory should be essential research fields in studies of traditional medicine.     

Traditional medicinal plant knowledge and use by local healers in Sekoru District, Jimma Zone, Southwestern Ethiopia

The knowledge and use of medicinal plant species by traditional healers was investigated in Sekoru District, Jimma Zone, Southwestern Ethiopia from December 2005 to November 2006. Traditional healers of the study area were selected randomly and interviewed with the help of translators to gather information on the knowledge and use of medicinal plants used as a remedy for human ailments in the study area. In the current study, it was reported that 27 plant species belonging to 27 genera and 18 families were commonly used to treat various human ailments. Most of these species (85.71%) were wild and harvested mainly for their leaves (64.52%). The most cited ethnomedicinal plant species wasAlysicarpus quartinianus A. Rich., whose roots and leaves were reported by traditional healers to be crushed in fresh and applied as a lotion on the lesions of patients ofAbiato (Shererit). No significant correlation was observed between the age of traditional healers and the number of species reported and the indigenous knowledge transfer was found to be similar. More than one medicinal plant species were used more frequently than the use of a single species for remedy preparations. Plant parts used for remedy preparations showed significant difference with medicinal plant species abundance in the study area.     

Medicinal Plant Knowledge Among Lay People in Five Eastern Tibet Villages

Tibetans in five villages in the Mount Khawa Karpo area of the Menri (Meili Xueshan in Chinese) range, Northwest Yunnan, People’s Republic of China, were interviewed about their knowledge of a number of medicinal plants and their uses. There was large variation in people’s knowledge with significant differences among the villages and between men and women. Most of the reported knowledge focused on a small number of commercial plants and their uses. In comparison with Tibetan doctors, villagers generally knew fewer applications and focused on general health remedies. Many people collected medicinal plants for their own use as well as for sale, but also obtained medicinal plant remedies from markets and Tibetan doctors, and often used traditional Tibetan healthcare in conjunction with biomedical treatment.     

Ethnobotany of Immunomodulatory Treatments Used by the Q’eqchi’ Maya of Belize

Using a quantitative ethnobotanical methodology, we identified 107 plant species belonging to 49 families used by Q’eqchi’ Maya healers in the treatment of symptoms from 14 usage categories related to inflammation. The families with the largest number of medicinal species were Piperaceae, Araceae, Asteraceae, Fabaceae, and Adiantaceae with five or more medicinal species. Healer consensus for plant species was high, with 56 species (52%) being used by all the healers, and consensus for usage categories was also high, as informant consensus factor (FIC) values for each category were greater than 0.4.

     

A consensus ethnobotany of the Q’eqchi’ Maya of Southern Belize

An ethnobotany study in collaboration with Q’eqchi’ Maya healers of Southern Belize led to a collection of 169 medicinal plant species, belonging to 67 different families. The data show the use of a majority of species from primary or secondary semi-evergreen rainforests of Southern Belize, rather than weedy species. The medicinal uses of the plants were grouped into 17 usage categories. The frequency of use for each plant and the informant consensus factor for each usage category reveals a consensus among the healers on the use of plant species as well as on the diseases treated. These results suggest a well-defined medicinal tradition.     

广西龙胜红瑶传统药用植物的民族植物学知识

瑶族是一个拥有悠久历史和灿烂文化的民族,红瑶是其中一个分支,因妇女服饰上的花纹图案以大红色为主而得名,其生活习俗饱含民族特色,对植物尤其是药用植物的利用方式,与其他民族不同。该研究采用经典的民族植物学理论和方法,访问调查了广西龙胜红瑶传统药用植物种类,根据植物拉丁名、中文名、当地名、用途、用法及药用部位,对其进行民族植物学编目,并与《中国药典》作了比较。结果表明:共记录到药用植物95种,隶属于57科83属,其中蔷薇科、百合科种类最多,分别含有7种,显示龙胜红瑶传统药用植物资源的多样性;全株入药的植物种类41种,占总数的43.16%;根入药的种类为23种,占总数的24.21%;叶入药的种类为13种,占总数的13.68%。药用植物的药用部位以全株、根及叶为主;治疗风湿类疾病的药物比重最大,为23.47%,推测与其生活的环境有关;与《中国药典》比较,发现71种植物未被其收录,另有17种虽被收录但主治功效不同,有7种被收录且主治功效大致相同,为新型中药的研发提供了借鉴。同时,还探讨了龙胜红瑶传统药用植物的药用价值、资源现状及文化传承的问题。     

Medicinal plants of Erute county,Lira district,Uganda with particular reference to their conservation

A medicinal plant study was carried out in eighteen parishes and 54 villages of Erute county, Lira district, Uganda. Parishes and villages were selected using stratified random sampling techniques. Questionnaires, interviews and discussions with the local people were used to obtain information on the names of the plants, their medicinal uses and conservation methods. The number of the medicinal plants species used was 180 belonging to 144 genera and 57 families of flowering plants. The major families recorded for medicinal purpose included Fabaceae (37 species), Asteraceae (26 species), Euphorbiaceae (eleven species), Vitaceae (eight species), Verbenaceae (seven species), Poaceae (six species), Solanaceae (five species), and Rubiaceae (four species). There is a need for putting in place measures to conserve these plants. Unfortunately, most of the healers or users were not interested in cultivation of the plants. The situation could worsen with the social changes and demand for land for agriculture in the district.