中国畦克蚋属分类纪要并记述一新种(双翅目,蚋科)

中国畦克蚋属分类纪要报告5已知种并记述1新种,模式标本存放于贵阳医学院生物学教研室.短颈畦克蚋Suldozphia brevineckoi sp.nov.,新种与黄足畦克蚋极为相似,但可根据足的着色、生殖腹板、生殖叉骨和生殖刺突特征,雄性后足基跗节跗突小,蛹茧鞋状,颈极短,幼虫头扇梳状毛数量与上述近缘种相区别.     

冠斑犀鸟的骨骼系统解剖

对冠斑犀鸟的骨骼系统进行了详细的观察和描述,其头骨厚重、骨壁坚硬;颌骨、前颌骨极度前伸,构成巨大的上喙,其后部连同鼻骨向背方显著隆起,构成盔.寰椎、枢椎、尾综骨、胸骨等形态特殊.跗跖骨结构以及足趾近、远端趾节的长度反映了明显的树栖性特征.     

洪氏环企鹅骨骼的解剖学特点

采用解剖学方法对1只雄性洪氏环企鹅(Spheniscus,humboldti)骨骼系统进行了详细的观察、描述.结果表明:企鹅骨骼结实、沉重不充气;喙长,前端略下弯,颞部呈深凹陷状;肩胛骨及胸骨龙骨突发达;胸椎不愈合;前肢骨骼扁平,特化为鳍状,翼内关节活动性较小,第一掌骨及拇指消失;髌骨发达,跗跖骨短而宽扁.这些特征主要体现了洪氏环企鹅对海中潜水、游泳、取食以及陆地直立的适应.     

中国兰科植物研究杂记

报道了中国兰科植物一个新记录属和三个新记录种,短距兰属(Penkimia)、短距兰(P.na-galandensis)、长序大苞兰(Sunipia cirrhata)、白花叉喙兰(Uncifera thailandica).短距兰属(Penkimia)区别与鸟舌兰属(Ascocentrum)在于侧萼片合抱蕊柱,唇瓣没有任何附属物以及锥形的距;长序大苞兰的花序长于叶,唇瓣基部具一个胼胝体;白花叉喙兰唇瓣的距后弯并朝向子房.     

中国辽宁早白垩世的一新反鸟

记述产于辽宁省朝阳市早白垩世九佛堂组的一新反鸟化石。依据它所具有的"Y"形的叉骨;乌喙骨较宽且末端凹陷;胸骨侧突细长,并在远端扩大,将其归入反鸟亚纲。此外,依据新材料所特有的头骨结构,如吻长、粗壮;有具钩状的牙齿;额骨大而低等不同于其它反鸟亚纲鸟类的特点,建立新属新种:杨氏弯齿鸟Camptodontus yangi gen.et sp.nov.。新种隶属于长翼鸟科,与长翼鸟的某些特征相似。它的发现不但给反鸟类群增加了一重要新成员,同时也说明早期鸟类分化辐射的复杂性。     

辽宁早白垩世今鸟类一新属种(Jianchangornis microdonta gen.et sp.nov.)(英文)

依据一近完整的相关节的骨骼化石,记述了辽宁建昌早白垩世九佛堂组原始今鸟类一新属种:小齿建昌鸟(Jianchangornis microdonta gen.et sp.nov.)。新鸟个体较大,但从骨化程度分析,正型标本可能属于一亚成年个体。具有一些进步特征,如胸骨及龙骨突加长,乌喙骨具有发育的前乌喙突以及和肩胛骨关联的关节窝,叉骨"U"字型,愈合荐椎包括9-10枚荐椎,尾综骨短小,第二、三掌骨远端愈合,跗跖骨完全愈合等,表明新属无疑属于今鸟类。在以下特征组合上很容易和已知的早白垩世今鸟类化石相区别:齿骨上至少有16枚细小牙齿,从齿骨前端向后沿齿骨大部密集排列;肩胛骨强烈弯曲;第一掌骨粗壮,较其他掌骨宽;第一指长并且远端延伸明显超过第二掌骨;肱骨+尺骨+第二掌骨与股骨+胫跗骨+跗跖骨的长度比例约为1.1。系统发育分析表明新属属于基干的今鸟类。新发现的材料第二、三掌骨远端愈合很好,但近端却未完全愈合,这一特征尚未见于其他已知鸟类,或许表明今鸟类腕掌骨的愈合和现生鸟类的跗跖骨一样是从远端开始的,不同于反鸟类和其他基干鸟类。建昌鸟的下颌还保存了一个前齿骨,这是继早白垩世红山鸟之后的另一例报道,可能进一步表明这一结构在今鸟类中曾普遍出现。新鸟肩带、胸骨和前肢的特征显示了和现代鸟类相近的飞行能力,其后肢、脚趾的比例以及趾爪的形态等显示和燕鸟、义县鸟等相似的地栖特征。保存于标本上的鱼类残骸可能显示了建昌鸟食鱼类的习性。今鸟类新属种的发现进一步表明,早白垩世这一进步鸟类类群的分化已不亚于反鸟类,湖滨环境在今鸟类的早期演化中确实扮演了重要的角色。     

现生鸟类和孔子鸟(Confuciusornis)叉骨软骨的研究:初步分析以及对中生代鸟类飞行方式的启示（英文）

飞行的早期演化是古生物研究的热点问题之一。现生鸟类演化出多种不同飞行方式,然而对中生代鸟类飞行方式的研究亟需寻找具有指示意义的指标。骨骼与关节组织尤其是乌喙骨-叉骨关节是实现鸟类飞行功能的重要组成,因此其关节的组织形态可能有助于反映现生鸟类的飞行方式。鸟类膜质骨中的次级软骨受到表观遗传的重要影响,只能在关节受到肌肉运动刺激的情况下形成,因此能够反映鸟类关节的形成力学环境;对三种不同飞行方式的现生鸟类(珠颈斑鸠、树麻雀和普通楼燕),以及热河生物群中最为常见的古鸟类之一孔子鸟(Confuciusornis)的叉骨乌喙骨关节的组织学特征进行了分析,显示在所有三种现生鸟类中,叉骨与乌喙骨之间均存在可动关节,并且在叉骨上存在次级软骨。而孔子鸟的叉骨上也存在次级软骨,这是次级软骨组织在中生代鸟类叉骨化石中的首次报道。进一步分析发现,不同现生鸟类物种的次级软骨组织形态存在差异,还需更多数据建立相关形态功能关系以便用于帮助推断中生代鸟类的飞行方式。     

甘肃鸟的新材料及其解剖和行为习性的补充研究

继1984年首次报道甘肃玉门昌马发现的早白垩世甘肃鸟及2006年记述多件甘肃鸟标本以来,再次对发现于2004～2006年间的9件甘肃鸟标本进行形态的详细观察,补充描述甘肃鸟新的骨骼特征,包括侧面保存的胸骨、有较完整的镰刀形龙骨突及胸骨背侧特征等;部分前肢骨骼上有位于关节位置、呈短长方形的尺腕骨和桡腕骨;指式"2-3-1",小指骨的爪节完全退化消失;后肢各趾中第1趾节最长,趾爪短小且弯曲度小;第Ⅰ趾相对较短、细弱,与其他趾相对握;第Ⅲ趾粗壮,略短于第Ⅳ趾。在胫跗骨和跗跖骨关节处保存有鳞片状的皮肤印痕,趾骨间有蹼的印痕。通过指示性骨骼测量的三元分析,得出甘肃鸟是一类善飞的潜水鸟,其习性接近于部分现生的鸭科成员,与之前有关甘肃鸟生活习性的推测较为接近。     

A NEW BASAL BEAKED ORNITHURINE BIRD FROM THE LOWER CRETACEOUS OF WESTERN LIAONING, CHINA

根据发现于辽宁西部建昌早白垩世九佛堂组一件保存较为完好的标本,描述了原始今鸟类一新属种,李氏叉尾鸟(Schizooura lii gen.et sp.nov.).系统发育分析表明,它较建昌鸟和古喙鸟进步,但又较热河生物群中其他已知的今鸟类原始.这一新种叉骨呈Ⅴ型,且具有一短的叉骨突,这是这一特征首次在早白垩世今鸟中发现.其胸骨加长,后缘无窗孔,且无很深的凹口.肱骨三角肌脊膨大,近乎达到肱骨长的一半.新鸟的头骨保存较好,显示其具喙的特征,前颌骨直接与额骨相关节.值得关注的是,这件标本首次展示了在中生代鸟类中,除扇形尾羽之外的第二种尾羽类型.新标本具叉形尾羽,中间分隔明显.对现生鸟类的研究表明,叉尾型的空气动力学效率比扇尾型要低,但在性选择方面具有优势.这一新的发现说明,在热河生物群生活的森林环境中,今鸟类的基干种类在尾羽性状上或许已经存在着不同的选择策略.     

我国蚊类新记录

最近,从云南盈江县(海拔826米)的青芋叶腋积水内采到一批局限蚊。经鉴定,发现其中有脊突局限蚊Topomyia(Suaymuia)cristata Thurman,1959的雄性成蚊。本蚊种为我国新记载,它与我国早年报导的胡氏局限蚊Topomyia(Suaymyia)houghtoniFeng,1941形态近似,但可根据下述特征与后者区别。脊突局限蚊的鉴别特征是:喙暗棕色,腹面基部至顶端具淡色纵线,后足跗节4从基部至端部两边具显著突生的暗色扁平鳞簇;跗节5与跗节4呈直角,肘状,并具不太明显的突生鳞。各腹节背板一致暗色,腹板一致暗色,但较背板色稍淡,尾器:(如图)第Ⅸ背板叶端毛粗刺状,末端钝圆;各叶内缘毛有6根,较发达。小抱近器端部内缘具两根粗鬃和6—7根细弯鬃。抱肢端节“C”字型,顶端平截,端背缘具3根指状毛和两根细毛;附叶背缘具6根细毛,其中3根较长而弯曲。 本种局限蚊幼虫与胡氏局限蚊、肘喙钩蚊和台湾伊蚊共栖。     

Curcuminoids as inhibitors of thioredoxin reductase: A receptor based pharmacophore study with distance mapping of the active site

Curcumin is the yellow pigment of turmeric that interacts irreversibly forming an adduct with thioredoxin reductase (TrxR), an enzyme responsible for redox control of cell and defence against oxidative stress. Docking at both the active sites of TrxR was performed to compare the potency of three naturally occurring curcuminoids, namely curcumin, demethoxy curcumin and bis-demethoxy curcumin. Results show that active sites of TrxR occur at the junction of E and F chains. Volume and area of both cavities is predicted. It has been concluded by distance mapping of the most active conformations that Se atom of catalytic residue SeCYS498, is at a distance of 3.56 from C13 of demethoxy curcumin at the E chain active site, whereas C13 carbon atom forms adduct with Se atom of SeCys 498. We report that at least one methoxy group in curcuminoids is necessary for interation with catalytic residues of thioredoxin. Pharmacophore of both active sites of the TrxR receptor for curcumin and demethoxy curcumin molecules has been drawn and proposed for design and synthesis of most probable potent antiproliferative synthetic drugs.     

A Unique Protease Cleavage Site Predicted in the Spike Protein of the Novel Pneumonia Coronavirus (2019-nCoV) Potentially Related to Viral Transmissibility

正Dear Editor,In December 2019, a novel human coronavirus caused an epidemic of severe pneumonia(Coronavirus Disease 2019,COVID-19) in Wuhan, Hubei, China(Wu et al. 2020; Zhu et al. 2020). So far, this virus has spread to all areas of China and even to other countries. The epidemic has caused 67,102 confirmed infections with 1526 fatal cases     

Comparative morphology of the carpel in the Liliaceae: Hewardieae, Petrosavieae, and Tricyrteae

The young pistils in the melanthioid tribes, Hewardieae, Petrosavieae and Tricyrteae, are uniformly tricarpellate and syncarpous. They lack raphide idioblasts. All are multiovulate, with bitegmic ovules. The Petrosavieae are marked by the presence of septal glands and incomplete syncarpy. Tepals and stamens adhere to the ovary in the Hewardieae and the Petrosavieae but not in the Tricyrteae. Two vascular bundles occur in the stamens of the Hewartlieae and Tricyrtis latifolia. Ventral bundles in the upper part of the ovary of the Hewardieae are continuous with compound septal bundles and placental bundles in the lower part. Putative ventral bundles occur in the alternate position in the Tricyrteae and putative placental bundles in the opposite. position in the Petrosavieae. The dichtomously branched stigma in each carpel of the Tricyrteae is supplied by a bifurcated dorsal bundle.     

Entwicklungsgeschichte und Ultrastruktur von Pollenkitt und Exine bei nahe verwandten entomophilen und anemophilen Angiospermensippen derAlismataceae,Liliaceae, Juncaceae,Cyperaceae, Poaceae undAraceae

Some closely related members of the monocotyledonous familiesAlismataceae, Liliaceae, Juncaceae, Cyperaceae, Poaceae andAraceae with variable modes of pollination (insect- and wind-pollination) were studied in relation to the ultrastructure of pollenkitt and exine (amount, consistency and distribution of pollenkitt on the surface of pollen grains). The character syndromes of pollen cementing in entomophilous, anemophilous and intermediate (ambophilous or amphiphilous) monocotyledons are the same in principal as in dicotyledons. Comparing present with former results one can summarize: 1) The pollenkitt is always produced in the same manner by the anther tapetum in all angiosperm sub-classes. 2) The variable stickiness of entomophilous and anemophilous pollen always depends on the particular distribution and consistency of the pollenkitt, but not its amount on the pollen surface. 3) The mostly dry and powdery pollen of anemophilous plants always contains a variable amount of inactive pollenkitt in its exine cavities. 4) A step-by step change of the pollen cementing syndrome can be observed from entomophily towards anemophily. 5) From the omnipresence of pollenkitt in all wind-pollinated angiosperms studied one can conclude that the ancestors of anemophilous angiosperms probably have been zoophilous (i.e. entomophilous) throughout.

     

Identification and Characterization of the First Equine Parainfluenza Virus 5

正Dear Editor,Parainfluenza virus 5 (PIV5), known as canine parainfluenza virus in the veterinary field, is a negative-sense,nonsegmented, single-stranded RNA virus belonging to the Paramyxoviridae family (Chen 2018). The virus was first reported in primary monkey kidney cells in 1954 (Hsiung1972), then it has been frequently discovered in various