中华补血草多酚提取物对自由基的清除能力

采用超声波辅助浸提—大孔树脂吸附法从中华补血草[ Limonium sinense (Girard) Kuntze]根、根茎、叶和花中获得多酚提取物,并对它们的得率和组成成分进行了初步分析;在此基础上,比较研究了不同部位多酚提取物对DPPH·、·OH和O2的清除能力.实验数据表明:中华补血草根、根茎、叶和花多酚提取物的得率分别为12.42％、5.98％、5.27％和3.98％,差异明显;多酚提取物中总酚、原花色素、黄烷醇和总黄酮含量变化幅度较大,分别为51.87％ ～61.60％、5.62％～39.47％、3.69％～12.46％和2.53％ ～35.97％;其中,总酚、原花色素和黄烷醇含量均以根多酚提取物最高,总黄酮含量以花多酚提取物最高,均与其他部位多酚提取物有显著差异.随质量浓度提高,4个部位多酚提取物对3种自由基的清除率总体上逐渐增大;其中根多酚提取物对DPPH·的清除作用最强,半数清除质量浓度(ρSC50)为38.52 μg·L-1,显著低于阳性对照芦丁和BHT(ρSC50分别为67.40和74.25 μg·L-1);花多酚提取物对·OH和O2的清除能力最强,ρSC50分别为53.51和74.00 μg·L-1,均低于芦丁;总体上,4个部位多酚提取物对DPPH·的清除能力由强至弱依次为根、根茎、叶、花,对·OH和O2的清除能力由强至弱依次为花、根、叶、根茎.结果显示:中华补血草不同部位多酚提取物均具有较强的自由基清除能力,其中,根和花多酚提取物中高含量的原花色素和黄酮类成分分别与其自由基清除能力密切相关.     

麻花艽不同部位抗氧化活性研究

本文分别采用DPPH法和铜离子还原能力法(CUPRAC)测定麻花艽花、茎叶和根的抗氧化活性,并比较其不同部位的抗氧化活性。抗氧化活性分析结果表明麻花艽花、茎叶、根的DPPH自由基清除能力均低于没食子酸,其清除DPPH自由基的半数有效量(IC_(50))分别为260、341.3和2920.6μg/m L;麻花艽花、茎叶和根的Cu2+的还原能力Trolox当量(TEAC值)分别为0.127、0.108和0.019μg/m L。结果表明,麻花艽花、茎叶和根均具有抗氧化活性,其抗氧化能力的强弱顺序为花茎叶根。     

羽叶千里光不同部位提取物的抗氧化活性研究

目的:比较研究羽叶千里光根、茎、叶和花四个部位甲醇提取物的抗氧化活性.方法:采用索式提取法分别对羽叶千里光根、茎、叶和花进行甲醇提取;采用分光光度法测定提取物对二苯代苦味酰自由基(DPPH)清除能力及其在β-胡萝卜素/亚油酸体系中的抗氧化活性.结果:羽叶千里光叶甲醇提取物对DPPH的清除能力最强,其次为茎、花、根.在β-胡萝卜素/亚油酸体系中,羽叶千里光抗氧化作用强弱依次为叶、茎、根、花.结论:羽叶千里光四个部位甲醇提取物均有抗氧化活性.其中,叶甲醇提取物的抗氧化能力最强.     

25个种和品种的柑桔果皮精油的化学成分

用双柱毛细管气相色谱保留时间法和GC-MS法分析了25个种和品种的柑桔果皮精油的化学成分,共鉴定出精油化学成分61个。所有精油的主要成分都是柠檬烯。依据精油中柠檬烯含量的不同,将被分析的25个植物种和品种分成三组:枸橼、柠檬类为一组,精油中柠檬烯含量为50％～70％;酸橙、甜橙和柚类为一组,精油中柠檬烯的含量大于92％;宽皮柑桔类为一组,精油中柠檬烯的含量为70％～90％(少数种达94.18％)。这一实验结果与近来有关栽培柑桔只有枸橼、柚和宽皮柑桔具有生物学种的价值的看法相类似。     

柠条锦鸡儿不同极性部位抗氧化及抗须癣毛癣菌活性初筛

本文对柠条锦鸡儿的花、叶、枝皮和根皮的乙醇提取物进行了极性部位的分离,并对各部位的提取物进行了抗氧化及抗须癣毛癣菌的活性筛选。抗氧化活性通过DPPH、ABTS、羟自由基(·OH)和超氧阴离子(O_2~-·)自由基的清除能力来评价,抗须癣毛癣菌活性通过抑菌圈实验来进行初步筛选。结果表明,以Vc为对照,柠条锦鸡儿花和叶的提取物具有很好的DPPH和ABTS自由基的清除能力,尤其是它们的乙酸乙酯部位;但所有的提取物对·OH和O_2~-·自由基的清除能力均较弱(P0.001)。抑菌圈实验发现,花、叶和枝皮的乙酸乙酯部位具有一定的抗菌活性,其中枝皮的抗菌活性最好;通过测定生物量,当秋季采集枝皮乙酸乙酯部位提取物浓度为128μg/m L其抑菌率可达到50%。活性筛选结果说明柠条锦鸡儿的花、叶和枝皮具有一定的深入开发潜力。     

天然橘皮洗洁精及抑菌效果研究

本文以柑橘皮为原料,采用乙醇和超声波提取柑橘皮精油,制成了天然植物型洗洁精,并以市售洗洁精作对比,对其去污能力及抑菌效果进行研究。实验结果表明添加天然柑橘皮精油的植物型洗洁精较市售洗洁精去污能力大大提高,并且对大肠杆菌、青霉、金黄色葡萄球菌均有抑菌性,尤其对大肠杆菌的抑制作用最强。     

中国南方不同地区薰衣草花精油化学成分分析

为了解不同产地薰衣草(Lavandula angustifolia Mill.×Lavandula latifolia Medik.)鲜花精油的化学成分,采用水蒸气蒸馏法提取了产自濮院、厦门、昆明的薰衣草花精油,并用GC-MS方法对其化学成分及相对含量进行了分析。结果表明,三地薰衣草花精油的得油率分别为6.60%、3.07%、3.17%。精油中分别检出50、59、44个化合物,其中4个化合物(桉叶油醇、α-红没药醇、樟脑和芳樟醇)的相对含量占精油总量的75%以上。三地薰衣草花精油中的主要化学成分相同,但含量不同,且精油的组成成分也存在差异。此外,薰衣草精油中的桉叶油醇、樟脑及α-红没药醇的相对含量与海拔及年均降雨量具有一定相关性。     

不同品种柚子皮精油成分及抗氧化与抑菌能力对比研究

柚子皮是一种富含精油的具有药用价值的生物质资源,但其精油成分与生物活性尚未深入研究。本文首先通过水蒸汽蒸馏法提取了12个不同品种的柚子皮精油,接着用气相色谱质谱联用仪(GC-MS)对精油成分与相对含量进行了测定,然后采用DPPH自由基清除法、滤纸片法对不同品种柚子皮精油的抗氧化和抑菌能力进行比较,最后对不同品种柚子皮精油GC-MS分析数据进行主成分分析和聚类分析,结合抗氧化和抑菌实验结果,着力于理清柚子皮精油成分与抗氧化、抑菌能力的关系。实验结果表明：柚子皮精油的提取率为0.22%～1.52%;GC-MS法从不同品种柚子皮精油中鉴定出D-柠檬烯、β-月桂烯、α-蒎烯、α-水芹烯、芳樟醇等35种化学成分;DPPH自由基清除实验表明柚子皮精油的抗氧化能力与精油浓度呈正相关性;滤纸片法抑菌实验表明柚子皮精油有一定的抑菌效果,且对特定的菌种抑菌效果更明显。主成分分析和聚类分析结果表明,抗氧化和抑菌效果显著的成分有D-柠檬烯、柠檬醛、芳樟醇,而石竹烯、香叶烯醇、α-水芹烯也具有一定的抗氧化和抑菌能力。     

不同品种、不同花期的依兰花精油成分研究

为探讨依兰花精油的香气质量,我们对云南省西双版纳产依兰花精油以及引种栽培于西双版纳的泰国种、老挝种的依兰花精油的化学成分在Finnigan-4510 GC/MS/DS上用毛细管柱进行了定性和定量分析,鉴定了44个化学成分。分析结果表明,依兰油的香气与品种及精油中的酯类、醇类和酚醚的含量有关。倍半萜烯类和倍半萜醇类的含量越高,其香气质量越差。就西双版纳产依兰油的香气而言,依兰花由青转黄时得到的精油远较绿花和花蕾油为好。     

不同品种、不同花期的依兰花精油成分研究

为探讨依兰花精油的香气质量,我们对云南省西双版纳产依兰花精油以及引种栽培于西双版纳的泰国种、老挝种的依兰花精油的化学成分在Finnigan-4510 GC/MS/DS上用毛细管柱进行了定性和定量分析,鉴定了44个化学成分。分析结果表明,依兰油的香气与品种及精油中的酯类、醇类和酚醚的含量有关。倍半萜烯类和倍半萜醇类的含量越高,其香气质量越差。就西双版纳产依兰油的香气而言,依兰花由青转黄时得到的精油远较绿花和花蕾油为好。     

樟树叶挥发性成分研究

通过GC/MS方法,对湖南樟树嫩叶、老叶以及枯叶挥发油的成分和抗氧化性能进行了研究,分析鉴定了其中含量占95%以上的31个化合物.结果表明:嫩叶中以Copaene(28.55%)、石竹烯(25.81%)和α-石竹烯(12.69%)为主要成分;老叶挥发油以芳樟醇含量最高(78.30%);枯叶挥发油主含石竹烯(38.64%...     

元宝草挥发油化学成分的研究

目的：首次研究元宝草叶及果实挥发油的成分,并比较它们的化学成分。方法：元宝草的叶和果实中的挥发油分别经同时蒸馏萃取的挥发油提取器提取（水蒸气蒸馏、乙酸乙酯萃取）,通过气相色谱－质谱分析,结合计算机检索技术对其化学成分进行分离和鉴定,应用色谱峰面积归一化法测定各成分的相对百分含量。结果：从元宝草叶及果实中分别鉴定了30和44种成分,各占挥发油的总量的85．13％和63．26％。叶与果实挥发油的化学成分相差很大。     

迷迭香植物精油对白纹伊蚊的驱避作用及其化学成分

应用水蒸气蒸溜法和超临界二氧化碳萃取法提取生长于云南的迷迭香茎叶植物精油,测试2种精油对白纹伊蚊Aedes albopictus Skuse的驱避作用,并利用GC/MS联用仪分析2种精油的化学成分。结果表明:超临界二氧化碳提取的迷迭香精油对白纹伊蚊的驱避时间是(5.82±1.13)h,达到国标驱避剂评价的B级标准。2种精油化学成分中都含有驱纹活性物质:柠檬烯、樟脑、Eucalyptol、(+)-4-Carene、1-methyl-4-(1-methyle thylidene)-cyclohexene、Beta-pinene等,且驱蚊活性成分在挥发油中占有较高比例,显示该植物精油在驱蚊方面有一定开发价值。     

Essential oils from micropropagated plants of Lavandula viridis

The essential oils of Lavandula viridis were analysed by GC and GC-MS. Comparisons were made between three types of plant material from the same clone: field-grown plant, in vitro shoot cultures and micropropagated plants of the same clone. The most common components usually found in lavender oils were present in the oil samples analysed and more than 45 constituents were identified, representing more than 80% of the essential oil. The essential oils analysed consisted mainly of monoterpenes (75.4-76.3%), where oxygenated and hydrocarbons identified ranged from 41.8 to 57.3% and 18.1 to 34.2%, respectively. The major components found were 1.8-cineole (18.2-25.1%), camphor (9.1-15.7%), alpha-pinene (8.8-14.1%), borneol (4.1-4.8%), beta-pinene (1.2-5.6%), delta 3-carene (1.0-6.5%) and alpha-terpineol (0.8-4.2%). The monoterpene fraction of the in vitro shoot cultures showed different relative amounts of hydrocarbons and oxygenated components in relation to the parent plant and to micropropagated plants. In the sesquiterpene hydrocarbon fraction of the oil samples analysed (6.1-8.2%), 7-epi-alpha-selinene (1.6-4.8%) was the most important component and the oxygenated sesquiterpenes were found in small amounts (1.1-1.7%). The essential oils from field-grown plants of L. viridis, when compared with those obtained from in vitro shoot cultures or micropropagated plants of the same clone, demonstrated that the same major components were found without significant compositional variations.     

Variation in Chemical Composition and Antibacterial Activity of the Essential Oil of Wild Populations of Phlomis olivieri

Various species of the genus Phlomis have been reported to produce metabolites demonstrating significant pharmacological efficiency. In this study, the essential oils from twelve populations of Phlomis olivieri collected from natural habitats were investigated for their chemical components. The hydrodistillated essential oil analyzed by GC‐FID and GC/MS. Analyses revealed 27 compounds, constituting 90.52 – 98.51% of the essential oils. Results indicated that the major components of the essential oils from various populations of P. olivieri were germacrene D (26.54 – 56.41%), bicyclogermacrene (6.38 – 30.55%), β‐caryophyllene (5.32 – 24.52%) and α‐pinene (1.29 – 15.53%). Principal component analyses (PCA) was used to identify any geographical variations in essential oil composition. Notably, three groups of Iranian P. olivieri populations were determined according to the major compounds. Results of the in vitro antibacterial activity indicated that P. olivieri essential oils showed good inhibitory activities against bacteria, especially Bacillus subtilis. The results of this study gave new insights for cultivation and industrial uses of P. olivieri in Iran.     

Chemical Composition Analysis and Discrimination of Essential Oils of Artemisia Argyi Folium from Different Germplasm Resources Based on Electronic Nose and GC/MS Combined with Chemometrics

In this study, the electronic nose and GC/MS were used to analyze the chemical components of essential oils from different germplasm resources of Artemisia argyi Folium (A. argyi), in order to quickly identify essential oils of A. argyi from different germplasm resources and clarify the differences among different A. argyi samples. The essential oils of A. argyi were extracted by steam distillation. This article describes for the first time that electronic nose combined with chemometrics can distinguish the essential oils of A. argyi from different germplasm, which proves the reliability and potential of this technology. GC/MS was used to identify 134 volatile components from the essential oil of A. argyi. The main bioactive components were cineole, thujarone, artemisia ketone, β-caryophyllene, (−)-4-terpinol, 3,3,6-trimethyl-1,5-heptadien-4-ol, (−)-α-thujone, camphor, borneol. In addition, the results of principal component analysis (PCA) and hierarchical cluster analysis (HCA) showed that there were significant differences in the essential oils of A. argyi from different germplasm resources, terpenes, alcohols and ketones played an important role in identifying the essential oils of A. argyi from different germplasm resources. This indicates that electronic nose and GC/MS combined with chemometrics can be used as reliable techniques to identify different germplasm resources of A. argyi, and provide certain reference value for quality evaluation, selection of high-quality varieties and rational development of resources of A. argyi.     

Essential oils of three asiatic artemisia species

The steam-distilled essential oils from the aerial parts of three Asiatic Artemisia, A. glabella, A. rupestris and A. persica, were analysed by GC/MS. In all about 100 compounds were identified; davanone is one of the main components of A. persica.     

Essential Oils of Ferulago glareosa Kandemir&Hedge Roots and Aerial Parts: PCA and HCA Analyses

Ferulago glareosa Kandemir & Hedge. is an endemic species of the family Apiaceae for Turkey and has interesting morphological characteristics compared to the other members of the genus Ferulago Koch. In this study we investigated the essential oil compositions of the roots and aerial parts of F. glareosa for the first time and compared them with essential oil compositions of the roots and aerial parts of other species of the genus. In our study, major components of the essential oil of the roots were determined to be 2,3,6-trimethylbenzaldehyde (32.2 %), falcarinol (23.7 %), hexadecanoic acid (9.5 %) and 2,5-dimethoxy-p-cymene (5.9 %); and major components of the essential oil of the aerial parts were found to be α-pinene (33.7 %), p-cymene (14.8 %), γ-terpinene (13.2 %), (Z)-β-ocimene (12.4 %) and terpinolene (8.2 %). The essential oil compositions of F. glareosa root compare with essential oils components in the literature differ varies greatly. Hierarchical Cluster Analysis (HCA) was performed with Minitab software, utilizing 8 major components in the published 20 literatures, as well as in this study. Principal Component Analyses (PCA) were used in order to demonstrate chemotaxonomical variations in the composition of the essential oils of Ferulago species.     

Chemodiversity and Antiproliferative Activity of the Essential Oil of Schinus molle Growing in Jordan

The leaves and unripe and fully‐grown fruits of Schinus molle were collected from three geographical regions of Jordan: Amman (the Mediterranean), Madaba (Irano‐Turanean), and Sahab (Saharo‐Arabian). The hydrodistilled volatile oils of fresh and dried leaves and fruits were analyzed by gas chromatography‐mass spectrometry (GC/MS). The actual composition of the emitted volatiles was determined using Solid Phase Micro‐Extraction (SPME). α‐ and β‐Phellandrenes were the major components in all the analyzed samples. Quantitative differences were observed in the obtained essential oils (0.62–5.25 %). Additionally, cluster analysis was performed. Biologically, the antiproliferative activity of the essential oil, ethanol, and water extracts of the fruits and leaves was screened on Caco2, HCT116, MCF7, and T47D cell lines. The essential oil and ethanol extracts exhibited a dose‐dependent inhibition of cell growth with IC₅₀ ranging between 21 and 65 μg/mL. The water extract did not exhibit any antiproliferative activity against the investigated cell lines.     

Chemical Diversity and Antimicrobial Activity of Volatile Compounds from Zanthoxylum zanthoxyloides Lam. according to Compound Classes,Plant Organs and Senegalese Sample Locations

The chemical diversity of Zanthoxylum zanthoxyloides growing wild in Senegal was studied according to volatile compound classes, plant organs and sample locations. The composition of fruit essential oil was investigated using an original targeted approach based on the combination of gas chromatography (GC) and liquid chromatography (LC) both coupled with mass spectrometry (MS). The volatile composition of Z. zanthoxyloides fruits exhibited relative high amounts of hydrocarbon monoterpenes (24.3 – 55.8%) and non‐terpenic oxygenated compounds (34.5 – 63.1%). The main components were (E)‐β‐ocimene (12.1 – 39%), octyl acetate (11.6 – 21.8%) and decanol (9.7 – 15.4%). The GC and GC/MS profiling of fruit essential oils showed a chemical variability according to geographical locations of plant material. The LC/MS/MS analysis of fruit oils allowed the detection of seven coumarins in trace content. The chemical composition of fruit essential oils was compared with volatile fractions of leaves and barks (root and trunk) from the same plant station. Hexadecanoic acid, germacrene D and decanal were identified as the major constituents of leaves whereas the barks (root and trunk) were dominated by pellitorine (85.8% and 57%, respectively), an atypic linear compound with amide group. The fruit essential oil exhibited interesting antimicrobial activities against Staphylococcus aureus and Candida albicans, particularly the alcohol fraction of the oil.