microRNA与肿瘤

microRNA（miRNA）是近年来发现的一类长度为19—25个核苷酸的非编码小分子RNA。它主要通过与靶标基因3’UTR的完全或不完全配对,降解靶标基因mRNA或抑制其翻译,从而参与调控个体发育、细胞凋亡、增殖及分化等生命活动。实验证据表明,miRNA可通过调控其靶标基因参与的信号通路,影响肿瘤的发生和发展,发挥着类似于癌基因或抑癌基因的功能。miRNA的发现为肿瘤发病机制的研究提供了新的思路,为肿瘤诊断和治疗提供了新的策略。本综述主要介绍近年来miRNA与肿瘤发生发展相关性研究领域的进展。     

miRNA在肝细胞癌中的研究进展和展望

微小RNA(microRNA, miRNA)是一类长度为二十几个核苷酸的内源性非编码调控RNA,通过序列特异性翻译抑制或mRNA裂解来调控基因表达,参与细胞发育、增殖、分化、凋亡等一系列重要生物学进程。近期的研究发现,miRNA具有癌基因和抑癌基因的作用,在肿瘤的发生和发展中起着重要的作用。已发现若干miRNA直接参与肝细胞癌的发生和发展,miRNA表达谱与肝细胞癌的诊断、分期、进展和预后等相关。作为一类新的分子靶标,miRNA应用于肝细胞癌的诊断和生物治疗具有广阔的前景。     

MicroRNAs在肿瘤中对mTOR通路的影响

MicroRNAs(miRNA)是一类长度为18~23 nt的非编码单链RNA,通过与靶mRNA的非编码区特异性结合,在转录后水平调控基因的表达。哺乳动物雷帕霉素靶蛋白(mTOR)与肿瘤的进程密切相关。现综述了与mTOR信号通路相关的miRNA及其在肿瘤中研究的最新进展,并探讨miRNA及其靶基因在肿瘤诊断和治疗中的应用。     

与卵巢癌转移有关的microRNA研究进展

卵巢癌是女性生殖系统三大恶性肿瘤之一,其致死率居于各类妇科肿瘤之首,是严重影响妇女生命的重要疾患,卵巢癌的转移则是造成病人死亡的重要因素。近年来随着microRNA（又称miRNA或微RNA）作为一种小分子非编码RNA被发现,证实miRNA的作用与各类肿瘤有着重要的联系,这些肿瘤包括乳腺癌、食管癌、胰癌、口腔癌等。近几年的研究表明,miRNA可以影响卵巢癌的发生与发展,并与其转移也存在着紧密的关系。与卵巢癌转移有关的miRNA作用机制的揭示,将会为转移性卵巢癌的诊断及治疗提供新的途径。本综述在通过检索近年来最新文献的基础上,对于卵巢癌的转移机理进行了详尽的分析,并对miRNA在卵巢癌转移中的重要研究予以了详细的阐述。     

MicroRNA对EMT的调节作用及其与肿瘤侵袭的关系

上皮间质转化（epithelial mesenchymal transition,EMT）是指上皮细胞表型由上皮向间质转换的生物学过程,可发生在生理过程中促进发育、组织愈合和修复。近年对肿瘤的研究发现,EMT与肿瘤的发生发展密切相关。肿瘤细胞发生EMT时,伴随着迁移、侵袭能力的增强,进而促进肿瘤的转移。EMT发生的程度以及相关标志分子的检测还可以用于判断肿瘤转移的危险和评估预后。MicroRNA(miRNA)作为非编码小RNA,通过与特定mRNA的3′UTR结合,在蛋白翻译水平抑制基因表达。本文主要综述目前发现的作用于EMT相关转录因子,如ZEB、SNAIL、TWIST的miRNA,以及在各种肿瘤中的表达情况和作用。其中,有些转录因子和miRNA之间,还存在相互抑制的复杂调节网络,因此,了解miRNA在肿瘤中对EMT的作用可能为肿瘤的治疗提供新的方法和策略。     

中国地鼠口腔颊黏膜癌中miRNA与mRNA表达谱的关联分析

目的构建中国地鼠口腔颊黏膜癌(OSCC)中差异表达的miRNA和mRNA表达谱,初步预测与OSCC发生发展相关的miRNA和mRNA。方法运用新一代高通量测序技术构建miRNA和mRNA表达谱,通过Gene Ontology功能富集和KEGG Pathway分析预测与OSCC发生发展相关的miRNA和mRNA。结果成功构建中国地鼠口腔颊黏膜癌中差异表达的miRNA和mRNA表达谱,共发现11个已知miRNA、3个新miRNA显著性差异表达和194个mRNA差异表达,且一个miRNA可调控多个mRNA,多个miRNA靶向调控某个mRNA。结论本实验OSCC中差异表达的miRNA通过调控mRNA形成复杂的调控网络,在口腔癌的发生发展中发挥重要作用,为口腔癌的发生、发病机制,及临床治疗及预后判断提供理论依据。     

与卵巢癌转移有关的microRNA 研究进展

卵巢癌是女性生殖系统三大恶性肿瘤之一,其致死率居于各类妇科肿瘤之首,是严重影响妇女生命的重要疾患,卵巢癌的转移则是造成病人死亡的重要因素.近年来随着microRNA(又称miRNA或微RNA)作为一种小分子非编码RNA被发现,证实miRNA的作用与各类肿瘤有着重要的联系,这些肿瘤包括乳腺癌、食管癌、胰癌、口腔癌等.近几年的研究表明,miRNA可以影响卵巢癌的发生与发展,并与其转移也存在着紧密的关系.与卵巢癌转移有关的miRNA作用机制的揭示,将会为转移性卵巢癌的诊断及治疗提供新的途径.本综述在通过检索近年来最新文献的基础上,对于卵巢癌的转移机理进行了详尽的分析,并对miRNA在卵巢癌转移中的重要研究予以了详细的阐述.     

MicroRNAs与肿瘤

microRNA(miRNA)是一类对基因具有调控功能的内源性非编码小分子RNA,通过与靶mRNA完全或不完全互补配对,引起mRNA降解或翻译抑制,从而对基因转录后水平进行调控.目前认为miRNA在多种生物学过程中起着至关重要的作用,包括细胞增殖、分化、凋亡等.研究显示miRNA的表达异常能导致疾病甚至肿瘤的发生,有类似于抑癌基因或癌基因的功能.本文就miRNA在肿瘤发生和诊断方面的研究进展作一综述.     

MicroRNA在脂肪细胞分化中的调节作用

MicroRNA(miRNA)是一类内源性、短小、大小为～22核苷酸的单链非编码RNA.miRNA广泛分布于真核细胞内,能够通过与靶mRNA3'末端非翻译区(3'-untranslated region,3'UTR)特异性结合来降解或抑制靶mRNA的翻译,从而对基因进行转录后基因表达的调控.miRNA不仅调控生物体的生长和发育过程,而且参与调控多种生理学和病理学过程,如细胞分化、细胞增殖、胰岛素的分泌、脂肪代谢以及肿瘤的形成.研究表明miRNA在肿瘤、糖尿病、代谢等多种疾病中发挥着重要的作用.本文对miRNA在脂肪细胞分化及脂类代谢中的调节作用进行综述.     

肾透明细胞癌相关微小RNA的研究进展

微小核糖核酸(miRNAs)是一类长约22个核苷酸的非编码单链小核糖核酸分子,miRNA通过与靶mRNA 3'端非翻译序列完全或部分互补结合,导致靶mRNA降解或转录后翻译抑制,从而调控靶基因的表达.最新研究显示人类血清/血浆中miRNA表达稳定,并在肿瘤患者血清中发现多种miRNA,其中的一些已经被证实与肾癌发生及发展相关,以往miRNA与肾癌的研究方.向多集中于肾癌组织,尽管发现很多有差异的miRNA,但不同研究者之间的结果常难以相互验证,而最近研究证实血清miRNA具有组织相关性和器官特异性,并对某些肿瘤具有高敏感性和特异性,因此其有望成为新的肿瘤标志物.肾癌是国内泌尿系统的第二常见恶性肿瘤,而且其近年来发病率和死亡率有逐年增高的趋势.由于肾透明细胞癌是肾癌的主要亚型,因此本文就血清miRNA在肾透明细胞癌的表达及其作用的研究进展作一综述.     

Curcuminoids as inhibitors of thioredoxin reductase: A receptor based pharmacophore study with distance mapping of the active site

Curcumin is the yellow pigment of turmeric that interacts irreversibly forming an adduct with thioredoxin reductase (TrxR), an enzyme responsible for redox control of cell and defence against oxidative stress. Docking at both the active sites of TrxR was performed to compare the potency of three naturally occurring curcuminoids, namely curcumin, demethoxy curcumin and bis-demethoxy curcumin. Results show that active sites of TrxR occur at the junction of E and F chains. Volume and area of both cavities is predicted. It has been concluded by distance mapping of the most active conformations that Se atom of catalytic residue SeCYS498, is at a distance of 3.56 from C13 of demethoxy curcumin at the E chain active site, whereas C13 carbon atom forms adduct with Se atom of SeCys 498. We report that at least one methoxy group in curcuminoids is necessary for interation with catalytic residues of thioredoxin. Pharmacophore of both active sites of the TrxR receptor for curcumin and demethoxy curcumin molecules has been drawn and proposed for design and synthesis of most probable potent antiproliferative synthetic drugs.     

A Unique Protease Cleavage Site Predicted in the Spike Protein of the Novel Pneumonia Coronavirus (2019-nCoV) Potentially Related to Viral Transmissibility

正Dear Editor,In December 2019, a novel human coronavirus caused an epidemic of severe pneumonia(Coronavirus Disease 2019,COVID-19) in Wuhan, Hubei, China(Wu et al. 2020; Zhu et al. 2020). So far, this virus has spread to all areas of China and even to other countries. The epidemic has caused 67,102 confirmed infections with 1526 fatal cases     

Comparative morphology of the carpel in the Liliaceae: Hewardieae, Petrosavieae, and Tricyrteae

The young pistils in the melanthioid tribes, Hewardieae, Petrosavieae and Tricyrteae, are uniformly tricarpellate and syncarpous. They lack raphide idioblasts. All are multiovulate, with bitegmic ovules. The Petrosavieae are marked by the presence of septal glands and incomplete syncarpy. Tepals and stamens adhere to the ovary in the Hewardieae and the Petrosavieae but not in the Tricyrteae. Two vascular bundles occur in the stamens of the Hewartlieae and Tricyrtis latifolia. Ventral bundles in the upper part of the ovary of the Hewardieae are continuous with compound septal bundles and placental bundles in the lower part. Putative ventral bundles occur in the alternate position in the Tricyrteae and putative placental bundles in the opposite. position in the Petrosavieae. The dichtomously branched stigma in each carpel of the Tricyrteae is supplied by a bifurcated dorsal bundle.     

鸡传染性法氏囊病病毒研究进展

传染性法氏囊病(Infection bursal disease, IBD)是由鸡传染性法氏囊病毒(Infectious bursal disease virus, IBDV)引起的鸡和火鸡的一种高度接触性传染病,给世界各国的禽养殖业带来了巨大损失.自IBDV发现至今新的变异株不断出现,分子结构的改变导致病毒致病力的改变及宿主对疫苗应答的改变,使得传统的疫苗已不能控制其流行,因此各国学者对其基因组结构和功能进行了广泛深入的研究,并积极研制新型有效的疫苗以达到防治的目的.     

Development of a Novel Reverse Transcription Loop-Mediated Isothermal Amplification Method for Rapid Detection of SARS-CoV-2

In conclusion, the novel visual RT-LAMP assay is a simple, rapid, and sensitive approach for detection of SARS-CoV-2, and it is ready for application in primary care and community hospitals or health care centers, and even patients' own houses in response to the current SARS-CoV-2 epidemic because the assay does not require sophisticated equipment and skilled personnel. Furthermore, it is also ready to be used in fields for screening samples from wild animals and environments to facilitate the identification of potential intermediate hosts that mediate the cross-species transmission of SARS-CoV-2 from bats to humans.     

Perinatal Vertical Transmission of Chikungunya Virus in Ruili,a Town on the Border between China and Myanmar

正Dear Editor,Chikungunya virus (CHIKV), an arbovirus in the family of Togaviridae, genus Alphavirus, is transmitted by the A.aegyptii or A. albopictus mosquito, and causes disease in humans characterized by fever, rash, and arthralgia (Silva and Dermody 2017; Suhrbier 2019). It was first reported in 1953 in Tanzania, and caused only a few outbreaks and sporadic cases in Africa and Asia in last century. However, in the epidemic in 2004, CHIKV acquired mutations that conferred enhanced transmission by the A. albopictus mosquito(Schuffenecker et al. 2006). Since then, it has successively caused outbreaks in Africa, the Indian Ocean, South East Asia, the South America, and Europe (Zeller et al. 2016).